Test kits for water analysis - Macherey Nagel

VISOCOLOR ® test kits and reagent cases · photometer PF-11Test kits for water analysisVISOCOLOR ® test kits are complete mini-laboratories withreagents and accessories for water analysis. They enable theanalysis in question to be performed without any additionalequipment or prior experience in chemistry.VISOCOLOR ® rapid tests are based on the chemicalanalyticalmethods of visual colorimetry and volumetricanalysis (titration).All VISOCOLOR ® test kits feature a low susceptibility towardsinterferences and a high selectivity for the substance inquestion. Different measuring principles and different chemicaldetection reactions cover a large measuring range for theparameters from acidity to zinc.Numerous VISOCOLOR ® test kits are not only available asindividual kits, but can be assembled in VISOCOLOR ® reagentcases. For some fields of application, combinations ofimportant parameters are offered as complete reagent cases.The photometer PF-11 closes the gap between the visualcolorimetricVISOCOLOR ® test kits and the NANOCOLOR ®system for photometric water analysis.VISOCOLOR ® test kits for water analysis 34 – 53Summary and ordering information 34 – 39VISOCOLOR ® test kitsVISOCOLOR ® alpha test kits (colorimetry and volumetric analysis) 34VISOCOLOR ® ECO test kits (colorimetry and volumetric analysis) 35VISOCOLOR ® HE test kits (high sensitivity colorimetry) 36VISOCOLOR ® titration test kits (volumetric analysis) 36VISOCOLOR ® comparator test kits (colorimetry) 37Description of individual parameters and tests 40 – 53®VISOCOLOR ® reagent cases 54 – 57Programme 54Reagent case for soil analysis 54Reagent cases for water analysisReagent cases with visual test kitsVISOCOLOR ® ECO reagent cases 55VISOCOLOR ® reagent cases 55Reagent cases with photometer PF-11VISOCOLOR ® reagent case ”Environmental analysis“ 56VISOCOLOR ® photino NEW! 58Photometer PF-11 60 – 62Properties, technical data, ordering information 60Tests which can be evaluated with the photometer PF-11 60 – 61Analytical principlesColorimetryIn colorimetric procedures advantage is taken of the fact thatcertain reagents form coloured compounds with the substancesto be determined. The intensity of the colour is directlyrelated to the concentration or the substance in question. Inthe case of the VISOCOLOR ® Nitrite e.g. the reagents forma blue-red dye with nitrite. The resulting colour intensity isproportional to the concentration of nitrite. In the case of pHmeasurements the use of specific indicator mixtures permitsthe formation of a characteristic colour for each pH value. Thereaction colours obtained are compared with a range ofstandards in a sample vessel called comparator. As soon asthe reaction colour has been matched to a comparison colour,the result can be read from the comparator or colour charts.Volumetric analysis (titration)For certain substances it is difficult or even impossible to convertthem to compounds which can be colorimetrically evaluated.In many of these cases titrimetric methods are used foranalysis.This measuring principle is briefly explained as follows:For volumetric analysis one adds drop by drop of a titrationsolution into a defined volume of the sample solution. The activesubstance in the titration solution reacts with the substanceto be determined in the sample. After completereaction further addition of titration solution would cause anexcess of the active substance. The point of complete reaction(end point or equivalence point) is visualised by the colourchange of an indicator added to the sample.www.mn-net.comMN 33

Test kits for water analysisVISOCOLOR ® alphaColorimetric TestsPrinciple:Colorimetry with colour comparison cardvisual evaluationenvironment-friendly, without hazardous goodslow-pricedconvenient handling, as easy as dip sticksaccurate resultshandy packageswith pictographic instructionsreagent bottles with clear dosing instructionsVISOCOLOR ® alpha uses colorimetric, as well as titrimetricprocedures. Use of multicomponent reagents results in a veryconvenient, rapid and safe handling, because often only onereagent is needed for each test.The reagent bottles are packed in practical blister packs. Thecardboard back is slidden for opening and closing the package,and also provides all information required for the test: instructionsfor use in 6 languages with pictographs, as well asa colour comparison scale for colorimetric evaluations.The blister packs of the VISOCOLOR ® alpha test kits have apunched hole for convenient storage or display in showroomsor sale rooms.Titration Test KitsPrinciple:Titration with drop countingvisual evaluationenvironment-friendly, without hazardous goodslow-pricedconvenient handling, as easy as dip sticksaccurate resultsindicator and titration solution in one dropping bottlehandy packageswith pictographic instructionsreagent bottles with clear dosing instructions®Test kit consists of plastic pack with:✓ sample tube with 5 ml ring mark✓ colour coded bottles with liquid or powder reagents✓ measuring spoon for accurate dosage of solid reagents✓ colour scale with at least 5 gradationsTest kit consists of plastic pack with:✓ sample tube with 5 ml ring mark✓ one dropping bottle with mixture of indicator andtitration solutionFill sample tube withthe water sample.Add liquid reagentor...... add solid reagent.Fill sample tube withthe water sample.Add liquid reagent......untill indicatorchanges colour.Count drops: 1 = 1 measuring unit, e.g. °dMix. Wait the indicated View from abovereaction time.and compare withcolour scale.34MNwww.mn-net.com

®®Test kits for water analysisVISOCOLOR ® comparator test kitsEach VISOCOLOR ® comparator test kit is packed in a sturdyplastic box, which contains a comparator for colour comparisonand all required reagents. VISOCOLOR ® comparator kitscontain useful analytical accessories and thus can be used ascomplete mini-laboratories.VISOCOLOR ® applicationsVISOCOLOR ® test kits are based on established reactionprinciples, which are described in various internationally acknowledgedregulations (EPA, ISO, EN normes).VISOCOLOR ® water test kits can be used in various applications.Colorimetric Test KitsPrinciple:Colorimetry with comparator cellvisual and photometric evaluation (with PF-11)convenient handlingreagent bottles with clear dosing instructionscompensation of turbidities and coloursrefill packs availableContents of a comparator test kit:✓ comparator cell✓ compensation cell for coloured or turbid samples✓ colour coded bottles with liquid or powder reagents✓ measuring spoon for accurate dosage of solid reagents✓ beaker for convenient sample dosageAgriculture and floriculture (soil analysis)Aquaculture and fish farmingBoiler feed waterBreweriesCement and concrete productionChemical industriesCooling waterDrinking waterElectroplating industriesFood and beverage industriesIndustrial waste waterLeather industriesMetal processing industriesMilk industriesMunicipal waste waterPaper industriesPhoto industriesPool and spa careSurface water and sea waterTextile industries®Handling and Storage ofFill the comparator withthe water sample.Close and mix.Add liquid reagent.Wait the indicatedreaction time.Add solid reagent.Read off result.VISOCOLOR ® test kits✓ colour coded reagent bottles for clear identification ofreagents✓ fast dissolving reagents, no crushing of tablets, nostirring✓ turbidity and colour compensation✓ shelf life up to 3 years✓ storage at 25 °C; dry and protected from direct sunlight✓ up to 500 tests per kits✓ instructions in many languages and with pictographs✓ conversation table for alternative chemical forms✓ easy to dispose after usewww.mn-net.comMN 37

Test kits for water analysisProgramme of all VISOCOLOR ® test kitsVISOCOLOR ® single test kits are complete plastic boxes with all reagents and accessories for a test.Refill packs are for the replacement of used reagent in a test kit or reagent case. They cannot be used as individual test kits.VISOCOLOR ® HE test kits, however, cannot be used in reagent cases.®Type VISOCOLOR ® test kitCat. No.No. of single testfor the determination of rangetestsrefill packkitAcidity AC 7 (base capacity) 0.2 – 7 mmol/l 1 ) 200 915 006 915 206alphaECOcomp.titr.HEAlkalinity AL 7 (total) 0.2 – 7 mmol/l 1 ) 200 915 007 915 207Alkalinity (p/m) see Carbonate hardness C 20Aluminium NEW! 0.10 – 0.50 mg/l Al 3+ 50 931 006 931 206Ammonium (Nessler) 0.5 – 20 mg/l NH+4 100 – 914 210Ammonium 15 0.5 – 15 mg/l NH+4 50 931 010 931 210Ammonium (DEV) 2 ) 0.2 – 10 mg/l NH+4 100 – 914 238Ammonium 0.2 – 3 mg/l NH+4 50 935 012 –Ammonium 3 0.2 – 3 mg/l NH+4 50 931 008 931 208Ammonium 0.02 – 0.50 mg/l NH+4 110 920 006 920 106Calcium CA 20 0.5 – 20 °d / 0.1 – 3.6 mmol/l 1 ) 200 915 010 915 210Calcium 5 – 50 mg/l Ca 2+ and higher 100 931 012 –Carbonate hardness 1 – 10 °d and higher 100 935 016 –Carbonate hardness 1 – 10 °d and higher 100 931 014 –Carbonate hardness C 20 0.5 – 20 °d / 0.2 – 7 mmol/l 1 ) 200 915 003 915 203(p-/m alkalinity)Carbonic acid see Acidity AC 7Chloride 1 – 60 mg/l Cl – 90 931 018 931 218Chloride CL 500 5 – 500 mg/l Cl – 1 ) 300 915 004 915 204Chlorine 0.25 – 2.0 mg/l Cl 2 150 935 019 –Chlorine 2 0.1 – 2.0 mg/l Cl 2 150 931 015 931 215free Chlorine 2 NEW! 0.1 – 2.0 mg/l Cl 2 150 931 016 931 216Chlorine 6 4 ) NEW! 0.05 – 6.00 mg/l Cl 2 200 – 931 217free Chlorine 6 4 ) NEW! 0.05 – 6.00 mg/l Cl 2 400 – 931 219Chlorine 0.1 – 2.0 mg/l Cl 2 100 – 914 232Chlorine 0.02 – 0.60 mg/l Cl 2 2 x 160 920 015 920 115Chlorine + pH see Swimming poolChromate 0.1 – 2 mg/l CrO2–4 100 – 914 211Chromium(VI) 0.02 – 0.50 mg/l Cr(VI) 140 931 020 931 220Copper 0.1 – 3 mg/l Cu 2+ 100 914 034 914 234Copper 0.1 – 1.5 mg/l Cu 2+ 100 931 037 931 237Copper 0.04 – 0.50 mg/l Cu 2+ 150 920 050 920 150Cyanide 0.05 – 1 mg/l CN – 60 914 042 914 242Cyanide 0.01 – 0.20 mg/l CN – 100 931 022 931 222Cyanide 0.002 – 0.04 mg/l CN – 55 920 028 920 128Cyanuric acid 10 – 100 mg/l Cya 100 931 023 931 223DEHA (diethylhydroxylamine) 0.05 – 1 mg/l DEHA 75 – 914 243DEHA (diethylhydroxylamine) 0.01 – 0.30 mg/l DEHA 125 931 024 931 224Detergents, anionic 3 ) 0.1 – 5 mg/l MBAS 50 914 014 914 214Detergents, cationic 3 ) 1 – 20 mg/l CTAB 50 914 015 914 215Fluorid 0.1 – 2.0 mg/l F – 150 – 931 227only for photometric determination with PF-11Hardness (total) 1 – 10 °d and higher 100 935 042 –Hardness (total) 1 – 10 °d and higher 110 931 029 –Hardness H 20 F (total 0.5 – 20 °d / 0.1 – 3.6 mmol/l 1 ) 200 915 005 915 205Hardness H2 (residual) 0.05 – 2 °d/0.01 – 0.36 mmol/l 1 ) 200 915 002 915 202Hardness (residual) 0.04 – 0.30 °d 200 935 080 –1 ) For titration test kits the range can be increased with additional syringes of reagent.2 ) DEV = based on the chemical procedures of the German Standard Methods 3 ) Contains chlorinated hydrocarbons; observe local regulations!4) only for the photometric determination with PF-11 and VISOCOLOR ® photino38MNwww.mn-net.com

Test kits for water analysisProgramm of all VISOCOLOR ® test kitsType VISOCOLOR ® test kitalphaECOcomp.titr.HEfor the determination ofrangeHydrazine 0.1 – 2 mg/l N 2 H 4 60 914 016 914 216Iron (DEV) 2 ) 0.1 – 50 mg/l Fe 100 914 017 914 217Iron (Triazine) 0.1 – 2 mg/l Fe 180 914 039 914 239Iron 0.04 – 1.0 mg/l Fe 100 931 026 931 226Iron 0.01 – 0.20 mg/l Fe 300 920 040 920 140Manganese 0.1 – 1.5 mg/l Mn 70 931 038 931 238Manganese 0.1 – 4 mg/l Mn 100 914 018 914 218Manganese 0.03 – 0.50 mg/l Mn 100 920 055 920 155Nickel 0.2 – 10 mg/l Ni 2+ 60 – 914 219Nickel 0.1 – 1.5 mg/l Ni 2+ 150 931 040 931 240Nitrate 2 – 50 mg/l NO–3 100 935 065 –Nitrate 1 – 120 mg/l NO–3 110 931 041 931 241Nitrate 50 1 – 50 mg/l NO–3 130 – 914 245Nitrite 0.05 – 1.0 mg/l NO–2 200 935 066 –Nitrite 0.05 – 2 mg/l NO–2 60 914 020 914 220Nitrite 0.02 – 0.5 mg/l NO–2 120 931 044 931 244Nitrite 0.005 – 0.10 mg/l NO–2 150 920 063 920 163pH 5 – 9 pH 5.0 – 9.0 200 935 075 –pH 4.0 – 9.0 pH 4.0 – 9.0 450 931 066 931 266pH 4.0 – 10.0 pH 4.0 – 10.0 500 914 022 914 222pH 4.0 – 10.0 pH 4.0 – 10.0 500 920 074 920 174pH 6.0 – 8.2 4 ) NEW! pH 6.0 – 8.2 150 – 931 270pH 6.9 – 8.2 pH 6.9 – 8.2 150 – 914 330Phosphate 2 – 20 mg/l PO 3– 4 70 935 079 –Phosphate 2 – 25 mg/l PO3–4 60 – 914 223Phosphate 0.2 – 5 mg/l P 80 931 084 931 284Phosphate (DEV) 2 ) 0.1 – 1.5 mg/l P 60 914 037 914 237Phosphate 0.05 – 1.0 mg/l P 300 920 082 920 182Phosphate (DEV) 2 ) 0.01 – 0.25 mg/l P 100 920 080 920 180Potassium 2 – 15 mg/l K + 60 931 032 931 232Residual hardness see under Hardness (residual)Oxygene 1 – 10 mg/l O 2 50 931 088 931 288Oxygene SA 10 0.2 – 10 mg/l O 1 2 ) 100 915 009 915 209Oxygen consumption– 915 012 –can only be used with test kit Oxygene SA 10Silica / silicon 0.2 – 3.0 mg/l SiO 2 100 931 033 931 233Silica / silicon 0.2 – 5 mg/l SiO 2 50 914 024 914 224Silica / silicon 0.01 – 0.30 mg/l Si 120 920 087 920 187Sulphate 25 – 200 mg/l SO 2–4 100 914 035 914 235Sulphide 0.1 – 0.8 mg/l S 2– 90 931 094 931 294Sulphide 0.05 – 1.0 mg/l S 2– 100 914 033 914 233Sulphite 1 drop ≡ 1 mg/l SO 2–3 60 931 095 –Sulphite SU 100 2 – 100 mg/l SO 2– 13 ) 100 915 008 915 208Swimming pool (chlorine + pH) 0.1 – 2.0 mg/l Cl 2150pH 6.9 – 8.2150931 090 931 290Swimming pool (chlorine + pH) 0.1 – 2.0 mg/l Cl 2pH 6.9 – 8.2100150– 914 230Zinc NEW! 0.5 – 3 mg/l Zn 2+ 120 931 098 931 298Zinc 0.25 – 3 mg/l Zn 2+ 90 914 041 914 2411 ) For titration test kits the range can be increased with additional syringes of reagent.2 ) DEV = based on the chemical procedures of the German Standard Methods 3 ) Contains chlorinated hydrocarbons; observe local regulations!4) only for the photometric determination with PF-11 and VISOCOLOR ® photinoNo. oftestsCat. No.single testrefill packkit®www.mn-net.comMN 39

Test kits for water analysisDescription of individual parameters and tests®AcidityIn natural unpolluted waters mainly carbonic acid is present,but also humic acids. With this test kit all acids, i. e. also thosepresent in industrial waters, can be determined.Reaction basis:Titrimetric determination of acids with sodium hydroxide solutionagainst the p indicator.Note:To differentiate between mineral acids and carbonic acid,the sample should be titrated against indicator m from theVISOCOLOR ® test kit Carbonate hardness C 20.Aluminium is the most common metal in our anthroposphereand after oxygen and silica even the most common elementof the earth’s crust. Because of its big affinity to oxygen, aluminiumdoes not exist in elemental form in nature, but in differentoxidized compounds.In swimming pools, aluminium salts are used as flocculant forthe water treatment.For drinking water, the WHO recommends a guide value of0.2 mg/l Al 3+ .H +In accordance to the EU council guideline 98/83/EEC, thethreshold value for drinking water is 0.2 mg/l Al 3+ .In natural water, the concentration of aluminium compoundsis even low, but in waste water aluminium can appear in higherconcentrations, e.g. at electroplating companies or papermills. Different national regulations tolerate 2 – 3 mg/l Al 3+ ineffluents from various industries (metal, electroplating andprinting industries).Reaction basis:Colorimetric determination with chromazurol S.NH 4VISOCOLOR ® ECO Aluminium Cat. No. 931 006Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.300.40 0.50 mg/l Al 3+VISOCOLOR ® Acidity AC 7 Cat. No. 915 006 Sufficient for: 50 determinationsType:titration test kitShelf life:at least 2 yearsRange & gradation: 1 syringe is sufficient for the determinationSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:10NEW!of 0.2 – 7 mmol/l H + ,1 gradation mark = 0.2 mmol/l H +Sufficient for: about 200 tests with an average acidcontent of 4 mmol/l H +Shelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesAmmoniumAluminiumAl 3+ Ammonium ions occur primarily in domestic waste waters,Alkalinity (total)OH – but frequently also in industrial waste waters. In surface andground waters ammonium ions indicate decomposition of animalor vegetable substances. Control of the ammonium valuesAll compounds which cause a pH increase above pH 7 areis therefore important to the water supply.determined, e. g. hydroxide, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate Reaction bases:etc.(a) DEV procedure: in alkaline medium ammonium ions reactReaction basis:Titrimetric determination of the alkalinity with hydrochloricacid against the m indicator.Note:with chlorine to form chloroamine which in the presenceof a catalyst forms a blue coloured indophenol with phenols.Primary amines react like ammonium ions resulting in high results.To differentiate between hydroxide, carbonate and hydrogencarbonate you should use the VISOCOLOR ® Chlorine-consuming substances can lower the result or eventest kit Carbonatehardness C 20 (see German Standard Methods DINinhibit the reaction depending on their concentration.38 409-H7).VISOCOLOR ® Alkalinity AL 7 Cat. No. 915 007Type:titration test kitRange & gradation: 1 syringe is sufficient for the determinationof 0.2 – 7 mmol/l OH –(corresponds to 10 – 350 mg/l CaCO 3 )1 gradation mark = 0.2 mmol/l OH –Sufficient for: about 200 tests with an average acidcontent of 4 mmol/l OH –Shelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yes(b) Procedure according to Nessler: in strongly alkaline solutionammonium ions react with Nessler’s reagent to form ayellow-coloured mercury salt of Millon’s base.This method is recommended for the determination of NH 4+in surface, drinking and industrial waste waters which do notcontain an excess of hardness constituents (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ), ironor sulphide ions. These interferences can be circumvented bya distillation prior to the test.40MNwww.mn-net.com

Description of individual parameters and testsTest kits for water analysisVISOCOLOR ® alpha Ammonium Cat. No. 935 012Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 0.2 0.5 1 2 3 mg/l NH +4Reaction basis: (a) DEV procedure with salicylic acidas coupling componentSufficient for: 50 determinationsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:10VISOCOLOR ® ECO Ammonium 15 Cat. No. 931 010Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 0.5 1 2 3 5 7 10 15 mg/l NH +4Reaction basis: (a) DEV procedure with salicylic acidas coupling componentSufficient for: 50 determinationsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:10VISOCOLOR ® ECO Ammonium 3 Cat. No. 931 008Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 1 2 3 mg/l NH +4Reaction basis: (a) DEV procedure with salicylic acidas coupling componentSufficient for: 50 determinationsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:10VISOCOLOR ® Ammonium (DEV) Cat. No. 914 238Type:refill packRange & gradation: 0 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 10 mg/l NH +4Reaction basis: (a) DEV procedure with salicylic acidas coupling componentSufficient for: 100 determinationsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:10VISOCOLOR ® HE Ammonium Cat. No. 920 006Type:high sensitive test kitRange & gradation: 0.0 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.150.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 mg/l NH +4Reaction basis: (a) DEV procedure with salicylic acidas coupling componentSufficient for: 110 determinationsShelf life:at least 1 yearSea water suitability: noVISOCOLOR ® Ammonium (Nessler) Cat. No. 914 210Type:refill packRange & gradation: 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 10 20 mg/l NH +4Reaction basis: (b) Procedure according to Nessler;CAUTION: this test kit containstoxic potassium mercury iodide!Sufficient for: 100 determinationsShelf life:at least 3 yearsSea water suitability: noBromineBr 2Bromine and brominating reagents such as 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBH) are used – like chlorine – for disinfectingswimming pool water. For determination of bromineyou may use all VISOCOLOR ® Chlorine tests (see page 42).A factor for conversion is given in the instructions.CaCalciumCalcium is widely distributed in nature in rocks and in water.Water containing calcium and magnesium causes problems inindustry as well as in households, since during boiling calciumcarbonate is precipitated as detrimental boiler scale and sincecalcium ions inhibit the foaming of soaps.Reaction basis:Complexometric titration after precipitation of the magnesiumsalts.VISOCOLOR ® ECO Calcium Cat. No. 931 012Type:titration test kitRange & gradation: 1 drop = 5 mg/l Ca 2+Sufficient for: sufficient for about 100 test with anaverage calcium concentration of50 mg/l Ca 2+Shelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:5 and addition of 4drops Ca-1VISOCOLOR ® Calcium CA 20 Cat. No. 915 010Type:titration test kitRange & gradation: 1 syringe is sufficient for the determinationof 0.5 – 20 °d or of0.1 – 3.6 mmol/l Ca 2+(corresponds to 4 – 145 mg/l Ca 2+ ).Sufficient for: sufficient for about 200 tests with anaverage calcium hardness of 10 °d or1.8 mmol/l Ca 2+Shelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:5 and addition of 6drops Ca-1®www.mn-net.comMN 41

Test kits for water analysisDescription of individual parameters and tests®Carbonate hardnessCO 3Carbonate hardness is that portion of calcium and magnesiumions which are present as carbonate or hydrogen carbonate.Reaction basis:The determination is preformed as titration with hydrochloricacid against a mixed indicator, which changes colour at pH 4.5.Normally the carbonate hardness is smaller than the totalhardness. If the carbonate hardness is larger than the totalhardness, you should trace the origin of this abnormal conditions,e. g. discharge of alkali hydrogen carbonates or highbuffer capacity.VISOCOLOR ® alpha Carbonate hardness Cat. No. 935 016Type:titration test kitRange & gradation: 1 drop = 1 °d(corresp. to 18 mg/l CaCO 3 )Sufficient for: about 100 tests with an averagehardness of 10 °dShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® ECO Carbonate hardness Cat. No. 931 014Type:titration test kitRange & gradation: 1 drop = 1 °d(corresp. to 18 mg/l CaCO 3 )Sufficient for: about 100 tests with an averagehardness of 10 °dShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® Carbonate hardness C 20 (p/m Alkalinity)Cat. No. 915 003Type:titration test kitRange & gradation: syringe is sufficient for the determinationof 0.5 – 20 °d or 0.2 – 7 mmol/l H +(corresponds to 10 – 350 mg/l CaCO 3 )1 gradation mark = 0.5 °d =0.2 mmol/l H +Sufficient for: about 200 tests with an averagecarbonate hardness of 10 °dor 4 mmol/l H +Shelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesChloride ions occur in all natural waters. Their concentrationdepends on the geological and local situation. In waste watersand polluted rivers the chloride concentration can reachhigh values.Reaction bases:(a) Mercurimetric titration(b) Mercury(II) thiocyanate method: chloride ions react withmercury(II) thiocyanate to form undissociated mercury(II)chloride. The liberated thiocyanate forms a characteristic orangecolour with iron(III) ions.Bromide, cyanide, iodide, sulphide, thiocyanate and thiosulphateinterfere, because they react like chloride. Fluoride inexcess of 20 mg/l causes low results.VISOCOLOR ® Chloride CL 500 Cat. No. 915 004Type:titration test kitRange & gradation: 1 syringe is sufficient for the determinationof 5 – 500 mg/l Cl – ,1 gradation mark = 5 mg/l Cl –Reaction basis: (a) mercurimetric titrationSufficient for: 300 tests with an average chloride ionconcentration of 200 mg/l Cl –Shelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:50VISOCOLOR ® ECO Chloride Cat. No. 931 018Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 1 2 4 7 12 20 40 60 mg/l Cl –Reaction basis: (b) mercury(II) thiocyanate methodSufficient for: 90 testsShelf life:at least 1 yearSea water suitability: noCl 2Carbonic acidCO 2Chlorine(chloroamines); the sum of both is called total chlorine.Cl –ChlorideCarbonic acid is a natural component of the acidity of waters.Determination is performed with the test kit VISOCOLOR ®Acidity AC 7 and is described in detail under that heading(see page 40).The addition of chlorine to swimming pools, water reservoirsand water mains is an approved procedure to rid the water ofgerms. With the correct dose harmful microorganisms are destroyed,many impurities removed and the growth of algae isprevented. However it is imperative that the chlorine contentis regularly checked, since excessive chlorine not only impairsthe smell and taste of the water but can be hazardous.One distinguishes between free chlorine and bound chlorine42MNwww.mn-net.com

Description of individual parameters and testsTest kits for water analysisReaction basis:At a pH value of 5 – 6 free chlorine reacts with N,N-diethyl-1,4-phenylene diamine (DPD) to form a red-violet dye. In thepresence of iodide ions the content of total chlorine can bedetermined, too.The determination of free chlorine includes the concentrationsof bromine, bromoamine, chloroamine, iodine and inpart chlorine dioxide.1.0 mg/l Cl 2 ˆ= 2.3 mg/l Br 2 ˆ= 3.6 mg/l I 2Higher-valency manganese compounds simulate free chlorine.Note:When measuring the chlorine content in swimming pools it isrecommended to check the pH value as well. For this purposewe supply combination test kits VISOCOLOR ® ECO Swimmingpool.VISOCOLOR ® alpha Chlorine Cat. No. 935 019Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.25 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 mg/l Cl 2Sufficient for: 150 testsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® ECO Chlorine 2 Cat. No. 931 015Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: < 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.40.6 0.9 1.2 2.0 mg/l Cl 2Sufficient for: 150 testsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® ECO free Chlorine 2 Cat. No. 931 016Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: < 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.40.6 0.9 1.2 2.0 mg/l Cl 2Sufficient for: 150 testsShelf life:at least 18 months NEW!Sea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® ECO Chlorine 6 Cat. No. 931 217Type:reagent set for photometricdeterminationRange & gradation: 0.05 – 6.00 mg/l Cl 2Sufficient for: 200 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesNEW!Note:A visual colorimetric determination is not possible.VISOCOLOR ® ECO free Chlorine 6 Cat. No. 931 219Type:reagent set for photometricdeterminationRange & gradation: 0.05 – 6.00 mg/l Cl 2Sufficient for: 400 testsShelf life:at least 2 years NEW!Sea water suitability: yesNote:A visual colorimetric determination is not possible.VISOCOLOR ® Chlorine Cat. No. 914 232Type:refill packRange & gradation: 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.3 2.0 mg/l Cl 2Sufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® HE Chlorine Cat. No. 920 015Type:high sensitive test kitRange & gradation: 0.0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.150.20 0.30 0.40 0.60 mg/l Cl 2Sufficient for: 2 x 160 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesChromateCrO 4Chromium compounds can be present in industrial waste watersin trivalent form [chromium(III) ions] and in hexavalentform (chromate and dichromate ions). In order to determinethe total chromium all other valencies must be oxidised tochromium(VI). Each test kit comes with a detailed description.Reaction basis:In sulphuric acid chromate ions react with diphenylcarbazideto form a red-violet dye.Larger amounts of heavy metals interfere with the test.VISOCOLOR ® ECO Chromium(VI) Cat. No. 931 020Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.200.30 0.40 0.50 mg/l Cr(VI)Sufficient for: 140 testsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® Chromate Cat. No. 914 211Type:refill packRange & gradation: 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.0 2.0 mg/l CrO2–4Sufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 3 yearsSea water suitability: yes®www.mn-net.comMN 43

Test kits for water analysisDescription of individual parameters and tests®CopperIn water copper(II) can be found in dissolved as well asin undissolved form. Copper(I) compounds and undissolvedcopper(II) compounds are not determined unless they are decomposedwith concentrated nitric acid prior to the test.Reaction basis:In weakly alkaline medium copper(II) ions react with cuprizoneforming a blue colour complex.Strongly acidic and buffered solutions have to be adjusted topH 9 with ammonia for the test. Iron(II), chromium(VI), nickeland manganese ions interfere in concentrations above10 mg/l. Cr(III) concentrations which exceed the copper concentrationcause low results, but can be eliminated by oxidationto chromate using ammonium peroxodisulphate /sulphuric acid). Cobalt ions form a red colour complex which,depending on the copper concentration, can already interfereabove 1 mg/l. Cyanides and sulphides present in excess of1 mg/l cause low results.VISOCOLOR ® ECO Copper Cat. No. 931 037Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.71.0 1.5 mg/l Cu 2+Sufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® Copper Cat. No. 914 034Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 mg/l Cu 2+Sufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® HE Copper Cat. No. 920 050Type:high sensitive test kitRange & gradation: 0.0 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.15 0.200.25 0.30 0.40 0.50 mg/l Cu 2+Sufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesCu CN –CyanideCyanide ions are very toxic because they block the iron of therespiratory enzyme and thus inhibit the oxygen transport. Forhumans 1 mg cyanide per kg body weight is considered lethal.Reaction basis:Cyanide ions react with chlorine to form cyanogen chloride,which splits the pyridine ring and forms glutaconedialdehyde.By aldol condensation with barbituric acid a violet polymethinedye is produced.This test covers free cyanide and cyanide complexes whichcan be destroyed with chlorine. If interfering substances likeheavy metal complexes, thiocyanate, sulphide, dyes or aromaticamines are present, a distillation according to DIN38 405-D 13–2–2 must precede the cyanide test. For the determinationof easily released and total cyanide as well as forthe determination of cyanide in stone fruit spirits please contactMACHEREY-NAGEL for special instructions.VISOCOLOR ® ECO Cyanide Cat. No. 931 022Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.070.10 0.15 0.20 mg/l CN –Sufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 1 yearSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:4VISOCOLOR ® Cyanide Cat. No. 914 042Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.0 mg/l CN –Sufficient for: 60 testsShelf life:at least 1 yearSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® HE Cyanide Cat. No. 920 028Type:high sensitive test kitRange & gradation: 0.0 0.002 0.004 0.0070.010 0.015 0.020 0.0250.030 0.040 mg/l CN –Sufficient for: 550 testsShelf life:at least 1 yearSea water suitability: yes, but depending on thecomposition of the sea water44MNwww.mn-net.com

Description of individual parameters and testsTest kits for water analysisCyanuric acidChlorine for disinfection in swimming pools, is degraded by intensiveUV radiation. A common stabilizer for chlorine inswimming pools is cyanuric acid. Chloroisocyanic acid is alsoused directly as disinfecting agent. Forced by legal regulations,or because of their personal interest in a good state oftheir pools, many private and public owners use rapid tests forfrequent monitoring of cyanuric acid.Reaction basis:Turbidity measurementCyanuric acid forms with a triazine derivative a fine precipitate.The turbidity caused by this reaction can be measuredvisually or photometrically to determine the cyanuric acid concentration.Turbidities interfere and must be filtered prior to the analysis.VISOCOLOR ® ECO Cyanuric acid Cat. No. 931 023Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 10 15 20 30 40 60 80 100 mg/l CyaSufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesCyaVISOCOLOR ® ECO DEHA Cat. No. 931 024Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.150.20 0.25 0.30 mg/l DEHASufficient for: 125 testsShelf life:at least 1 yearSea water suitability: noDetergents see surfactantsDithioniteS 2 O 4Dithionites (S 2 O 4 2– ), above all sodium dithionite (so-calledhydrosulphite), are important aids in dying, textile and paperindustries due to their reducing properties. They are especiallyused for vat dying, for bleaching of wood-based paperstuffs, sugars, sirup, gelatines, starches, molasses, saccharinejuice, soaps, technical fats, as decolorant for textiles, fordesilvering of used fixing baths etc.For the titrimetric determination of dithionite with VISO-COLOR ® Sulphite SU 100, please contact MACHEREY-NAGEL for special instruction.®DEHA (diethylhydroxylamine)DEHAIn boiler houses the carcinogenic hydrazine is more and morereplaced by diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA) to remove oxygen.Reaction basis:Measurement of the reduction properties of DEHA for iron(III)ions and determination of the iron(II) ions formed. Strictly observethe temperature and reaction time since they stronglyinfluence the colour intensity.Iron(II) ions interfere. This error can be taken into account by amodified test procedure.VISOCOLOR ® DEHA Cat. No. 914 243Type:refill packRange & gradation: 0 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 mg/l DEHASufficient for: 75 testsShelf life:at least 1 yearSea water suitability: noF –FluorideNormally, the content of fluoride in surface and ground wateris lower than 1 mg/l. Permanent consumption of water containingmore than 2 mg/l fluoride can cause a drinking waterfluorese (a stained discolouration of the tooth enamel). On theother hand a content of fluoride lower than 0.5 mg/l could leadto an increasing risk of caries. The optimal content of fluoridein drinking water is about 1 mg/l. To avoid problems with cariesin some countries the content of fluoride in drinking wateris artificially increased. However, WHO and EC drinking waterregulations recommend a threshold value of 1.5 mg/l F – .In some European countries, the threshold value for mineralwater is also 1.5 mg/l F – . For the suitability of water for thepreparation of baby food a threshold value of 0.7 mg/l F – isrecommended. Natural mineral waters with a fluoride contentof more than 5 mg/l must be labelled with a warning.Reaction basis:Photometric determination of fluoride with 1,8-dihydroxy-2-(4-sulfophenylazo)naphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid (SPADNS)with the photometer PF-11.VISOCOLOR ® ECO Fluoride Cat. No. 931 227Type:reagent set for photometricdeterminationRange & gradation: 0.1 – 2.0 mg/l F –Sufficient for: 150 testsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yes, after distillationNote:A visual colorimetric determination is not possiblewww.mn-net.comMN 45

Test kits for water analysisDescription of individual parameters and tests®Hardness (total and residual)The total hardness of water is based on its content of alkalineearth ions (calcium and magnesium ions). This content dependson the geological conditions the water encounters duringits course and may vary widely. Knowledge of the totalhardness is important for the use of water in industrial as wellas municipal applications, e. g. in the household as wash wateror as boiler feed water in industry.Reaction bases:(a) Complexometric titration in accordance with DIN 38406E3 and DIN 38409 H6.Copper(II) ions can delay or (in higher concentrations) evenblock the colour change of the indicator. For this reason allowenough water to run through copper pipes prior to sampling.(b) Colorimetry with a mixed indicatorVISOCOLOR ® alpha Hardness (total) Cat. No. 935 042Type:titration test kitRange & gradation: 1 drop = 1 °d(corresponds to 18 mg/l CaCO 3 )Reaction basis: (a) titrationSufficient for: 100 tests with an average hardnessof 10 ˚dShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:30°dVISOCOLOR ® alphaslidable back with multilingual informationand openedevaluation chartVISOCOLOR ® ECO Hardness (total) Cat. No. 931 029Type:titration test kitRange & gradation: 1 drop = 1 °d(corresponds to 18 mg/l CaCO 3 )Reaction basis: (a) titrationSufficient for: 110 tests with an average hardnessof 10 ˚dShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:30VISOCOLOR ® Hardness H 20 F (total) Cat. No. 915 005Type:titration test kitRange & gradation: 1 syringe is sufficient for the determinationof 0.5 – 20 °d or0.1 – 3.6 mmol/l Ca 2+ (corresponds to10 – 360 mg/l CaCO 3 )1 gradation mark = 0.5 °d = 0.1 mmol/lReaction basis: (a) titrationSufficient for: 100 tests with an average hardnessof 10 ˚dShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:30VISOCOLOR ® alpha Residual hardness Cat. No. 935 080Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.30 °d(corresponds to 0.7 – 5.3 mg/l CaCO 3 )Reaction basis: (b) colorimetrySufficient for: 200 testsShelf life:at least 1 yearSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® Hardness H 2 (residual) Cat. No. 915 002Type:titration test kitRange & gradation: 1 syringe is sufficient for the determinationof 0.05 – 2.0 °d or0.01 – 0.36 mmol/l Ca 2+(corresponds to 1 – 36 mg/l CaCO 3 ).Reaction basis: (a) titrationSufficient for: 200 tests with an average hardness of1 °d or 0.18 mmol/l Ca 2+Shelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: noThis test kit is designed for the analysis of very soft water andas a function control of water softeners. In industry one oftenneeds water which is absolutely free of hardness constituents,e. g. for many chemical processes, in textile industry, asfeed water for high pressure boilers etc.N 2 H 4HydrazineHydrazine has been used in power plants to remove residualoxygen from condensation and feed water. The reactionproducts are merely water and nitrogen so that the salt contentof the boiler water does not increase as is the case withother reducing agents. Due to its toxicity, however, hydrazineis today mostly replaced by other substances like DEHA.Reaction basis:In acidic solution hydrazine reacts with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehydeto form a yellow-orange coloured compound.46MNwww.mn-net.com

Description of individual parameters and testsTest kits for water analysisVISOCOLOR ® Hydrazine Cat. No. 914 016Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.1 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 mg/l N 2 H 4Sufficient for: 60 testsShelf life: at least 1 year or until reagent 2turns brownSea water suitability: noHydrosulphitesee dithioniteIronNatural waters as well as waste waters often contain someiron. It can be present as Fe(II) or Fe(III) ions if the pH valueof the water is below 3 or if the water is free of oxygen. Athigher pH values Fe(III) forms an insoluble oxyhydrate. Frequentlythe sample is in a transition state with finely dispersediron oxides. In waste water and natural water containing humicacids iron is often present in the form of a complex salt.The VISOCOLOR ® test kits only determine iron which ispresent in dissolved form as Fe 2+ or Fe 3+ ions. Iron complexesare not covered unless they are decomposed by oxidationwith nitric acid and sulphuric acid.Reaction bases:(a) Triazine method: iron(II) ions react with a triazine derivativeto form a violet complex. Iron(III) ions are reduced andthus also determined.Copper(I) ions interfere forming a grey-violet complex. Nickelions cause low results. Cobalt ions and molybdate ions interfereforming yellow complex compounds. Nitrite ions interferebecause they shift the colour to yellowish-red.(b) DEV procedure: iron(II) ions react with 1,10-phenanthrolineto form an orange coloured complex. Iron(III) ions are reducedand thus also determined.Oxidising agents (H 2 O 2 , Cl 2 , CrO 4 2– ) interfere > 30 mmol/l,but can be eliminated with sodium sulphite or ascorbic acid.Complex iron compounds (hexacyanoferrates) are not determinedunless they are decomposed with conc. sulphuric acidprior to the test.FeVISOCOLOR ® ECO Iron Cat. No. 931 026Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.300.50 1.0 mg/l FeReaction basis: (a) triazine methodSufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® Iron (Triazine) Cat. No. 914 039Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.0 2.0 mg/l FeReaction basis: (a) triazine methodSufficient for: 180 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® Iron (DEV) Cat. No. 914 017Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.1 0.3 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.07.0 10 25 50 mg/l FeReaction basis: (b) DEV procedureSufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 3 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® HE Iron Cat. No. 920 040Type:high sensitive test kitRange & gradation: 0.0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.050.07 0.10 0.15 0.20 mg/l FeReaction basis: (a) triazine methodSufficient for: 300 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: noMagnesiumMgIn order to differentiate between the hardness constituentscalcium and magnesium one can determine the total hardness(see VISOCOLOR ® test kits Hardness (total) and thecalcium hardness (see VISOCOLOR ® test kits Calcium). Thedifference of both is the magnesium content – an importantparameter in food and building industries.®MnManganeseNatural waters contain manganese in the divalent, solubleform as well as in colloidal tri- and tetravalent states. Valenciesare interchanged by oxidation-reduction reactions takingplace in the water. The test procedure determines all oxidationstates of manganese.Reaction basis:In alkaline solution manganese ions react with formaldoximeto form an orange-red complex.Nickel interferes causing a yellow-green reaction colour.www.mn-net.comMN 47

Test kits for water analysisDescription of individual parameters and tests®VISOCOLOR ® Manganese Cat. No. 914 018Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.1 0.3 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 mg/l MnSufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® ECO Manganese Cat. No. 931 038Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.70.9 1.2 1.5 mg/l MnSufficient for: 70 testsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® HE Manganese Cat. No. 920 055For the analysis of sea water, the method should be appliedwith caution.Type:high sensitive test kitRange & gradation: 0.0 0.03 0.06 0.10 0.15 0.200.25 0.30 0.40 0.50 mg/l MnSufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yes, but depending on thecomposition of the sea waterNiNickelNickel can be present in industrial waste water. It occurs asthe divalent ion or as a nickel complex.Reaction basis:In ammonia solution nickel ions react with diacetyldioxime afteroxidation with bromine to form a reddish-brown dye.Insoluble nickel compounds (e. g. nickel cyanide, nickel carbonate)and the nickel cyano complexes are not determined.VISOCOLOR ® ECO Nickel Cat. No. 931 040Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.70.9 1.2 1.5 mg/l Ni 2+Sufficient for: 150 testsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:10VISOCOLOR ® Nickel Cat. No. 914 219Type:refill packRange & gradation: 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 10.0 mg/l Ni 2+Sufficient for: 60 testsShelf life:at least 3 yearsSea water suitability: yesNitrateNO 3Nitrates occur in most ground and surface waters in concentrationsof up to 20 mg/l. In addition to mere geological influencesnitrate concentrations can also increase from agriculturalsources (fertilisers). The VISOCOLOR ® test kits areintended for the determination of nitrate in surface and drinkingwater and in industrial waste waters which do not containhigh concentrations of interfering ions.Reaction basis:Nitrate is reduced to nitrite with an inorganic reducing agent.Nitrite is then diazotised with an aromatic amine and simultaneouslycoupled to form an azo dye.Nitrite interferes (same reaction), but can be eliminated byboiling with amidosulphuric acid (Cat. No. 918 973). Oxidisingsubstances such as chlorine can lower the result or completelyinhibit the reaction depending on their concentration.VISOCOLOR ® alpha Nitrate Cat. No. 935 065Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 2 8 15 30 50 mg/l NO –3Sufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® ECO Nitrate Cat. No. 931 041Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 1 3 5 10 20 3050 70 90 120 mg/l NO –3Sufficient for: 110 testsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yes, with conversion tableVISOCOLOR ® Nitrate 50 Cat. No. 914 245Type:refill packRange & gradation: 1 2 5 10 20 50 mg/l NO – 3 ;With the syringe included in the kit therange can be extended up to 500 mg/lnitrate.Sufficient for: 130 testsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: no48MNwww.mn-net.com

Description of individual parameters and testsTest kits for water analysisNitriteIn surface waters nitrite ions are generally present in low concentrations.Their presence in ground water is less common. In wastewaters nitrite frequently occurs, even in fairly high concentrations.Reaction basis:In acidic solution sulphanilic acid or sulphanilamide are diazotisedwith nitrite. The diazonium salt is then coupled with anaromatic amine, forming an intensely coloured azo dye. Organiccolloids, chlorine, humic acids and coloured heavy metalions interfere.VISOCOLOR ® alpha Nitrite Cat. No. 935 066Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.05 0.10 0.25 0.5 1.0 mg/l NO–2Sufficient for: 200 testsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® ECO Nitrite Cat. No. 931 044Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.070.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 mg/l NO–2Sufficient for: 120 testsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® Nitrite Cat. No. 914 020Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.05 0.1 0.25 0.501.0 2.0 mg/l NO–2Sufficient for: 60 testsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® HE Nitrite Cat. No. 920 063Type:high sensitive test kit according toDIN EN 26 777Range & gradation: 0.00 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 mg/l NO–2Sufficient for: 150 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesNO 2 O 2OxygenThe solubility of oxygen in water depends on the temperature,the pressure and the other components of the water. The oxygencontent of a water at the time of sampling is often quotedas the percentage of the possible saturation.Reaction basis:Oxygen determination according to Winkler: in alkaline solutiondissolved oxygen oxidises manganese(II) ions to higher-valentmanganese hydroxides. In a strongly acidic medium theseform manganese(III) ions which can be determined either titrimetricallyor colorimetrically after addition of a colour reagent.Most oxidising and reducing compounds interfere, as for exampleactive chlorine, sulphite, sulphide, higher-valent manganesecompounds. Organic compounds interfere, if thepotassium permanganate consumption exceeds 60 mg/l.This interference can be circumvented by subsequent additionof ammonium hydrogen carbonate solution.1 mg/l Fe 2+ simulates 0.14 mg/l O 2 .VISOCOLOR ® ECO Oxygen Cat. No. 931 088Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 1 2 3 4 6 8 10 mg/l O 2Sufficient for: 50 testsShelf life:at least 1 yearSea water suitability: yesWhen ordering this test kit for the first time, you also need anoxygen bottle, Cat. No. 915 498VISOCOLOR ® Oxygen SA 10 Cat. No. 915 009Type:titration test kitaccording to DIN EN 25 813Range & gradation: 1 syringe is sufficient for the determinationof 0.2 – 10 mg/l O 21 gradation mark = 0.2 mg/l O 2Sufficient for: 100 tests with an average oxygencontent of 9 mg/lShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesIn combination with the BOD 5 accessories package(Cat. No. 916 918) and the BOD 5 nutrient mixture without N-allylthiourea (ATU) (Cat. No. 918 994) or the BOD 5 nutrientmixture Plus with ATU (Cat. No. 918 995) this test kit can alsobe used for determination of the BOD 5 (sufficient for 25 – 50samples). Preparation of the samples is performed using theso-called dilution principle according to DIN ISO 1899-1-H51.VISOCOLOR ® Oxygen consumption Cat. No. 915 012Organic substances in surface and waste waters are mostlymineralised by bacteria under oxygen consumption. Underunfavourable conditions, and if pollutant concentrations arehigh, this results in an oxygen deficit with negative consequencesfor higher organisms (fish). The oxygen consumptionis evaluated by an oxygen determination immediatelyafter sampling and another oxygen determination after 1 to5 days. This procedure additionally requires the test kitVISOCOLOR ® Oxygen SA 10.Kit contents: 5 sample bottles, 1 thermometer, 1 titration syringe,1 titration tube, no reagents®www.mn-net.comMN 49

Test kits for water analysisDescription of individual parameters and tests®pH valueThe pH value indicates whether a water reacts acidic, alkalineor neutral. It is determined by the concentration of hydrogenions. All biological processes in water are tied to specific pHranges. For municipal and industrial applications, too, thecontrol of specific pH limits is important since e. g. the efficiencyof sewage plants or the corrosive action of tap wateron the pipes depend in the pH value. Contrary to pH indicatorpapers VISOCOLOR ® pH test kits can also be used to determineaccurate pH values in unbuffered sample solutions.Reaction basis:A special mixture of indicator dyes assumes a characteristiccolour for every pH value within the range of the kit.The favourable ratio between sample volume and amount ofindicator minimises the indicator error (acid-base-error). Thisallows reliable pH measurements in weakly buffered solutionsas well. High contents of neutral salts and colloids aswell as organic solvent concentrations above 10 % can causewrong results.VISOCOLOR ® alpha pH 5 – 9 Cat. No. 935 075Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: pH 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.58.0 8.5 9.0Sufficient for: 200 testsShelf life:at least 3 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® ECO pH 4.0 – 9.0 Cat. No. 931 066Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: pH 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.57.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0Sufficient for: 200 testsShelf life:at least 3 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® pH 4.0 – 10.0 Cat. No. 914 022Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: pH 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.57.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 10.0Sufficient for: 500 testsShelf life:at least 3 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® HE pH 4.0 – 10.0 Cat. No. 920 074Type:high sensitive test kitRange & gradation: pH 4.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.07.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 10.0Sufficient for: 500 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® ECO pH 6.0 – 8.2 Cat. No. 931 270Type:reagent set for photometricdeterminationRange & gradation: pH 6.0 – 8.2Sufficient for: 150 testsNEW!Shelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesNote:A visual colorimetric determination is not possible.For the determination of the pH value, see also at Swimmingpool 53pH PO 4PhosphateThe phosphate content in a surface water has direct consequencesfor its ability to support the growth of certain organisms.Since ever increasing quantities of phosphates are being fedthrough domestic waste waters into rivers and lakes, these watershave a tendency towards eutrophication. Exact data aboutthe phosphate content are important for boiler water and feedwater. Precise dosing of phosphates in these waters can inhibitformation of boiler scale. Pyro-, meta- and polyphosphates arenot determined with VISOCOLOR ® test kits. The determinationof total phosphate requires a decomposition prior to the test.Reaction basis:Ammonium molybdate reacts with phosphate ions to formphosphomolybdic acid which is reduced to molybdenum blue.The tests with the designation DEV use the same reagents asthe German Standard Methods.Larger amounts of oxidising compounds inhibit the formation ofthe blue colour complex and have to be destroyed prior to thetest. H 2 S interferes in concentrations above 2 mg/l, but can beexpelled after acidification of the water sample. Heavy metalsin excess of 10 mg/l can slightly decrease the colour intensity,vanadium causes an increase in colour. Silica interferes andcauses falsely high results. Arsenates react like phosphates.Citrate, oxalate, tartrate etc. reduce the sensitivity of the phosphatetest.VISOCOLOR ® alpha Phosphate Cat. No. 935 079Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 2 5 10 15 20 mg/l PO3–4Sufficient for: 70 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:10VISOCOLOR ® ECO Phosphate Cat. No. 931 084Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.71 2 3 5 mg/l PO 4 -PSufficient for: 90 testsShelf life:at least 3 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® Phosphate Cat. No. 914 223Type:refill packRange & gradation: 2 4 7 10 15 25 mg/l PO3–4Sufficient for: 60 testsShelf life:at least 3 yearsSea water suitability: yes50MNwww.mn-net.com

Description of individual parameters and testsTest kits for water analysisVISOCOLOR ® Phosphate (DEV) Cat. No. 914 037Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.5 mg/l PSufficient for: 60 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® HE Phosphate Cat. No. 920 082Type:high sensitive test kitRange & gradation: 0.0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.200.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 mg/l PSufficient for: 300 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® HE Phosphate (DEV) Cat. No. 920 080Type:high sensitive test kitRange & gradation: 0.0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.070.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 mg/l PSufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesPhosphonatePO xPhosphonates are used as complexing agent for softeningprocess and cooling water. They can be determined withNanOx metal and VISOCOLOR ® ECO Phosphate. Pleaseask for our special instructions.KPotassiumThe natural potassium content in ground water is generallyabout 1 – 2 mg/l K. Higher values may indicate faecal contaminations,but can also originate from potassium fertilisers.For the growth of plants and animals potassium is an essentialfactor. Especially in agriculture the determination of potassiumtherefore gains increasing importance.Reaction basis:Potassium reacts with sodium tetraphenylborate to form aprecipitate. Under defined conditions this turbidity can beused for concentration measurements.Turbidities interfere and have to be filtered prior to the test.Good reproducibility is obtained for drinking, surface andground water. For polluted waste waters low potassium valuesare measured.VISOCOLOR ® ECO Potassium Cat. No. 931 032Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 2 3 4 6 8 10 15 mg/l K +Sufficient for: 60 testsShelf life:at least 3 yearsSea water suitability: noSilica / siliconNatural water contains silica in different amounts, dependingon the geological conditions the water encounters during itscourse. The silica occurs partly as soluble silicate, partly colloidalas polysilicic acids. The silica content in water for mediumand high pressure boilers may not exceed certain limits;in power plants therefore constant measurement of the silicacontent is required.Reaction basis:In acidic solution soluble silica or silicates react with ammoniummolybdate to form yellow silicomolybdic acid, which is reducedto silico-molybdenum blue with a reducing agent.Phosphates interfere only in high concentrations (> 30 mg/lPO 4 3- ).VISOCOLOR ® Silica Cat. No. 914 024Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 mg/l SiO 2Sufficient for: 50 testsShelf life:at least 3 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® ECO Silica Cat. No. 931 033Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.01.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 mg/l SiO 2Sufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 3 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® HE Silicon Cat. No. 920 087Type:high sensitive test kitRange & gradation: 0.0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.070.10 0.15 0.20 0.30 mg/l SiSufficient for: 70 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesSodiumSiO 2NaAbout 2.43 % of the uppermost crust of the earth, with a thicknessof 16 km, consist of chemically bonded sodium; this isplace 6 in the frequency list of elements. In rocks and mineralsit is mostly present as silicate (e.g. soda feldspar or albite)and as sodium chloride (rocksalt), but also as carbonate, nitrate(especially chile salpeter) and cryolite as well as in manyother minerals. Each ton of sea water contains an average of27 kg common salt (10.6 kg sodium), this is 77 % of all saltspresent in sea water. Under the assumption, that in naturalwaters beside sodium mainly calcium and magnesium canoccur as cations, it is easily possible to determine the sodiumcontent using VISOCOLOR ® titration test kits. Please ask forthe respective special instructions.®Residual hardnesssee Hardness (total and residual)www.mn-net.comMN 51

Test kits for water analysisDescription of individual parameters and tests®SO 3SulphateSO 4SulphiteSufficient for: 100 tests with an average sulphitecontent of 100 mg/l SO2–S 2– 3SulphideShelf life:at least 3 yearsThe determination of sulphate ions is of special importance toevaluate the aggressiveness of a water towards concrete.Sulphate, a component of natural water, is formed in manySulphite ions are not present in natural unpolluted waters, howeverthey often appear in large quantities in industrial wastewaters (e. g. paper mills, dye works).manufacturing processes and is found in waste waters even Reaction basis:after neutralisation.Titrimetric determination with addition of iodine solution andreverse titration of unused iodine with sodium thiosulphate.Reaction basis:Larger concentrations of sulphide and nitrite ions interfere.Sulphate reacts with barium ions forming a precipitate of bariumsulphate. Under defined conditions this turbidity can be For determination of dithionite (hydrosulphite) please ask forThe method can be used for the analysis of sea water.used for concentration measurements.our special instruction.Turbidities of the sample interfere and have to be filtered.VISOCOLORGood reproducibility is obtained for drinking, surface andECO Sulphite Cat. No. 931 095ground water. For polluted waste waters low concentrations Type:titration test kitare measured.Range & gradation: 1 drop = 1 mg/l SO2-3VISOCOLOR ® Sufficient for: 60 tests with an average sulphiteSulphate Cat. No. 914 035concentration of 10 mg/l SO2-3Type:colorimetric test kitShelf life:at least 1 yearRange & gradation: 25 30 35 40 50 60 70 80Sea water suitability: yes100 120 150 200 mg/l SO 2-4Sufficient for: 100 testsVISOCOLOR ® Sulphite SU 100 Cat. No. 915 008Type:titration test kitShelf life:at least 3 yearsRange & gradation: 1 syringe is sufficient forSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:502 – 100 mg/l SO2–31 gradation mark = 2 mg/l SO2–3Sea water suitability: yesIn water sulphides can be present as dissolved hydrogen sulphideor as hydrosulphide or sulphide ions.Reaction basis:N,N-Dimethyl-1,4-phenylene diamine reacts with hydrogensulphide to form an unstable compound which rearranges toleucomethylene blue. Oxidation with iron(III) ions yields methyleneblue.Thiocyanate and nitrite above 5 mg/l cause low results.VISOCOLOR ® ECO Sulphide Cat. No. 931 094Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.50.6 0.7 0.8 mg/l S 2–Sufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 3 yearsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® Sulphide Cat. No. 914 033Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.0 mg/l S 2–Sufficient for: 100 testsShelf life:at least 3 yearsSea water suitability: yesSurfactantsDetergents are surface-active substances which can be classifiedinto anionic, cationic and nonionic groups. They can befound in municipal and industrial waste waters.Reaction bases:(a) Under suitable conditions anionic detergents react withmethylene blue to form a coloured complex which is extractedwith an organic phase. The reference standard is methyl dodecylbenzenesulphonate (MBAS: 342 g/mol).(b) Cationic detergents react with bromophenol blue to forma coloured complex which is extracted with an organic phase.The reference standard is N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB: 365 g/mol).If the water contains cationic and anionic detergents, equivalentquantities are combined and escape analysis. Normallydetergents are determined as a sum. For the analysis of specificdetergents a correction factor has to be determined.VISOCOLOR ® Detergents, anionic Cat. No. 914 014Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0.1 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.05.0 mg/ MBASReaction basis: (a) methylene blue methodSufficient for: 50 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesExtraction method (kit contains chlorinated hydrocarbons,observe local regulations)52MNwww.mn-net.com

Description of individual parameters and testsTest kits for water analysisVISOCOLOR ® Detergents, cationic Cat. No. 914 015Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 1 3 5 10 15 20 mg/l CTABReaction basis: (b) bromophenol blue methodSufficient for: 50 testsShelf life:at least 2 yearsSea water suitability: yesExtraction method (kit contains chlorinated hydrocarbons,observe local regulations)Cl 2 pHSwimming poolChlorination of water in swimming pools with chlorine or chlorinecompounds takes place within certain limits. One distinguishesbetween free chlorine and bound chlorine(chloroamines); the sum of both is called total chlorine. Thecontent of free chlorine should be between 0.3 and 0.6 mg/l.Chlorination alters the pH value of the swimming pool water.The ideal pH value is pH 7.4. This prevents formation of malodorouspollutants and irritants to the mucous membrane,and prevents damage to the water treatment system.Reaction basis:Free chlorine reacts with N,N-diethyl-1,4-phenylene diamine(DPD) to form a red-violet dye. The pH value is determinedwith phenol red as indicator.For test kits for the determination of chlorine alone seeVISOCOLOR ® Chlorine.VISOCOLOR ® Swimming pool Cat. No. 914 230Type:refill packRange & gradation: Chlorine:0.1 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.3 2.0 mg/l Cl 2pH:6.9 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.2Sufficient for: 100 tests eachShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesAfter addition of iodide ions the total chlorine can be determined,too.VISOCOLOR ® pH 6.9 – 8.2 Cat. No. 914 330Type:refill packRange & gradation: pH 6.9 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.2Sufficient for: 150 testsShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesZincZinc is one of the most often used metals for surface finishing.Its content in waste water from e. g. electroplating companieshas to be regularly checked.Reaction basis:At a pH of 8.5 – 9.5 zinc ions react with zincon to form a bluecolour complex. Acidic, alkaline and buffered samples haveto be adjusted to pH 9 for the test.VISOCOLOR ® ECO Zinc Cat. No. 931 098Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 0.5 1 2 3 mg/l Zn 2+Sufficient for: 120 testsShelf life:at least 1 yearSea water suitability: yes, after dilution 1:10ZnNEW!®VISOCOLOR ® ECO Swimming pool Cat. No. 931 090Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: Chlorine:0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.60.9 1.2 2.0 mg/l Cl 2pH:6.9 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.2Sufficient for: 150 tests eachShelf life:at least 18 monthsSea water suitability: yesVISOCOLOR ® Zinc Cat. No. 914 041Type:colorimetric test kitRange & gradation: 0 0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 mg/l Zn 2+Sufficient for: 90 testsShelf life:at least 1 yearSea water suitability: yesFor determination of zinc in the presence of high concentrationsof calcium, iron or manganese please ask for our specialinstructions.CAUTION: test kit contains very toxic reagents!www.mn-net.comMN 53

Reagent casesCombinations of several VISOCOLOR ® test kitsProgramme of VISOCOLOR ® reagent casesType for the determination of Cat. No.Reagent case for soil analysisVISOCOLOR ® reagentcase for soil analysisphosphate, potassium, nitrogen (ammonium, nitrite and nitrate), pH, soil structure,incl. all requisite equipment and accessories914 601Reagent case for water analysis · without photometerVISOCOLOR ® ECO ammonium, carbonate hardness, total hardness, nitrate, nitrite, pH, phosphate 931 001reagent caseVISOCOLOR ® ECO without test kits for individual combination of up to 7 test kits of type931 100reagent case (empty) VISOCOLOR ® ECOVISOCOLOR ®reagent casealkalinity, ammonium, total hardness, nitrite, pH, phosphate, oxygen, temperature 931 302VISOCOLOR ®reagent case (empty)without test kits for individual combination of up to 9 test kits of typeVISOCOLOR ® ECO and VISOCOLOR ® titration test kits931 307®Reagent case for water analysis · with photometer PF-11Reagent case”Environmental analysis”VISOCOLOR ® Reagentcase with PF-11 (empty)ammonium, carbonate hardness, iron, total hardness, nitrate, nitrite, pH, phosphate,incl. photometer PF-11without test kits for individual combination of up to 9 test kits of typeVISOCOLOR ® ECO and VISOCOLOR ® titration test kitsFor the carrying case with the photometer VISOCOLOR ® photino, please see page 58914 304914 309Soil analysisFor its many ecological functions a biologically active soil,which is extensively used for agriculture, has to be maintainedand supported. The best, economically and ecologicallymost meaningful procedure is to analyse first the importantparameters of the soil before planning measures such as fertilization,liming etc.The VISOCOLOR ® reagent case for soil analysis has beendeveloped for the rapid, convenient and reliable determinationof the soil condition, even in the field.VISOCOLOR ® reagent case for soil analysisCat. No. 914 601The VISOCOLOR ® reagent case for soil analysis contains allreagents, instruments and accessories required for the preparationof soil extracts and the subsequent determination of✓ phosphate (P)✓ soil structure✓ potassium (K)✓ pH✓ ammonium, nitrite, nitrate (N)The soil extracts are either prepared with Calcium-Acetate-Lactate (CAL) solution (prior to the determination of P and K)or with CaCl 2 solution (prior to the determination of N andpH).If required by national regulations for soil analysis or becauseof local geological conditions, the VISOCOLOR ® reagentcase for soil analysis can also be used together with extractionsolutions other than CaCl 2 or CAL. Please consult instructionleaflets for possible interferences.Reagents are sufficient for 110 CaCl 2 extractions, 7 CAL extractionsand 60 – 100 tests.Shelf life of reagents: at least 18 monthsAs refills the following reagents can be used.CaCl 2 stock solution, for 300 soil samples 914 612CAL stock solution, for 10 soil samples 914 614VISOCOLOR ® HE pH 4-10 920 174VISOCOLOR ® HE Phosphorus in soil 920 183Pyrophosphate solution 914 611VISOCOLOR ® ECO Potassium 931 232QUANTOFIX ® Ammonium 913 15QUANTOFIX ® Nitrate/Nitrite 913 13pH-Fix 2 – 9 921 18Folded filters MN 616 1 /4, 18.5 cm ∅ 532 018In addition to the reagent case, various VISOCOLOR ® reagentscan also be used for soil analysis. Please request informationabout suitable extraction solutions.54MNwww.mn-net.com

Reagent casesReagent cases for water analysisReagent cases with VISOCOLOR ® test kits give fish breeders,anglers and other interested parties the possibility to carryout fast and simple analyses of the most importantconstituents which are important for evaluation of the waterquality. No previous knowledge of chemistry is required forproper performance of the tests.The different VISOCOLOR ® reagent cases contain a thermoformedlining which holds all requisite reagents, comparators,and accessories. Colour coding of reagent bottles preventsconfusion of reagents. VISOCOLOR ® ECO reagent bottlesare identified by unambiguous symbols. Reagents are sufficientfor at least 60 tests.The high sensitivity VISOCOLOR ® HE test kits cannot beplaced in a VISOCOLOR ® reagent case.VISOCOLOR ® ECO reagent case Cat. No. 931 001This VISOCOLOR ® ECO reagent case contains the followingtest kits:✓ Ammonium 0.2 – 3 mg/l NH+4✓ Carbonate hardness 1 drop = 1 °d✓ total Hardness 1 drop = 1 °d✓ Nitrate 4 – 120 mg/l NO–3✓ Nitrite 0.02 – 0.5 mg/l NO–2✓ pH pH 4.0 – 9.0✓ Phosphate0.2 – 5 mg/l PShelf life of reagents: at least 18 monthsAs refill for this VISOCOLOR ® reagent case, you can use thefollowing refill packs:Ammonium 931 208 Nitrite 931 244Carbonate hardness 931 214 pH 4.0 – 9.0 931 266Hardness (total) 931 229 Phosphate 931 284Nitrate 931 241VISOCOLOR ® reagent case Cat. No. 931 302This VISOCOLOR ® reagent case contains the following testkits:✓ Alkalinity AL 7 (total) accuracy: 0.2 mmol/l or 0.5 °d✓ Ammonium 0.2 – 3 mg/l NH 4+✓ Hardness H 20 F (total) accuracy: 0.1 mmol/l or 0.5 °d✓ Nitrite 0.02 – 0.50 mg/l NO 2–✓ Oxygen SA 10 accuracy: 0.2 mg/l O 2(oxygen deficit)✓ pH 4.0 – 9.0 pH 4.0 – 9.0✓ Phosphate0.2 – 5 mg/l P✓ Temperature –10 °C to +60 °CAdditionally the case can hold one VISOCOLOR ® ECO testkit (Cat. No. 931 0...).Shelf life of reagents: at least 18 monthsAs refill for this VISOCOLOR ® reagent case you can use thefollowing refill packs:Alkalinity AL 7 (total) 915 207 Oxygen SA 10 915 209Ammonium 931 208 pH 4.0 – 9.0 931 266Hardness H 20 F (total) 915 205 Phosphate 931 284Nitrite 931 244®VISOCOLOR ® ECO reagent case without test kitsCat. No. 931 100This VISOCOLOR ® ECO reagent case allows the individualcombination of up to 7 test kits from the VISOCOLOR ® ECOprogramme.VISOCOLOR ® reagent case without test kitsCat. No. 931 307This VISOCOLOR ® reagent case allows the individual combinationof up to 9 test kits from the complete range ofVISOCOLOR ® ECO and titration test kits; e.g. for applicationsinboiler water conditioning cooling water conditioningwater treatmentirrigationbeverage industries breweriesprinting industrieseducationcorrosion prevention surface finishingconstruction industries aquacultureand othersTo get your personal selection of specific test kits, please seeon page 57 or contact us prior to ordering.www.mn-net.comMN 55

Reagent casesReagent cases for water analysisVISOCOLOR ® reagent cases with the photometer PF-11Reagent cases with the photometer PF-11 give persons interestedin water analysis the possibility to obtain very preciseand meaningful analytical results for the evaluation of a watersample in a short time using VISOCOLOR ® test kits orNANOCOLOR ® tube tests. No previous knowledge ofchemistry is required for proper performance of the tests.The different VISOCOLOR ® reagent cases contain a thermoformedlining which holds the photometer PF-11, all requisitereagents and accessories. Colour coding of the reagentbottles prevents confusion of reagents. The reagents are sufficientfor at least 60 tests.In addition to the tests in the respective reagent case certainother VISOCOLOR ® tests or NANOCOLOR ® tube tests canbe used and evaluated directly.VISOCOLOR ® refill packs can be used to replace used reagentsin the reagent cases.The high sensitivity VISOCOLOR ® HE test kits cannot beused in VISOCOLOR ® reagent cases.In addition to the photometric measurement, all colorimetrictests can also be evaluated with the large colour comparisonchart. Carbonate hardness (p/m alkalinity) and total hardnessare determined titrimetrically, pH only by visual colorimetry,i. e. not with the photometer.Additionally, the photometer PF-11 can be used for the evaluationof all other VISOCOLOR ® comparator tests, for theVISOCOLOR ® ECO tests with colour comparator scale andfor NANOCOLOR ® tube tests.As refill packs for the VISOCOLOR ® reagent case ”Environmentalanalysis” you can use the following test kits:Ammonium (DEV) 914 238Carbonate hardness C 20 915 203Iron (triazine) 914 239Hardness H 20 F (total) 915 205Nitrate 50 914 245Nitrite 914 220pH 4.0 – 10.0 914 222Phosphate (DEV) 914 237®VISOCOLOR ® reagent case "Environmental analysis"Cat. No. 914 304This VISOCOLOR ® reagent case is intended for the ecologicalevaluation of very different types of water and contains thephotometer PF-11 and the following VISOCOLOR ® tests:✓ Ammonium (DEV) 0.2 – 10 mg/l NH 4+✓ Carbonate hardness C 20 accuracy: 0.1 mmol/l or 0.5 °d✓ Hardness H 20 F (total) accuracy: 0.1 mmol/l or 0.5 °d✓ Iron (triazine)0.1 – 2.0 mg/l Fe✓ Nitrate 50 1 – 50 mg/l NO 3–✓ Nitrite 0.05 – 2.0 mg/l NO 2–✓ pH 4.0–10.0 pH 4.0 – 10.0✓ Phosphate (DEV) 0.1 – 1.5 mg/l PReagents are sufficient for 60 – 120 tests.Shelf life of reagents: at least 18 monthsVISOCOLOR ® reagent case with photometer PF-11,without test kits Cat. No. 914 309This VISOCOLOR ® reagent case contains the photometerPF-11 and allows the individual combination of up to 9 testkits from the VISOCOLOR ® ECO and VISOCOLOR ® titrationkits for photometric and titrimetric evaluation, e.g. for applicationsinboiler water conditioning cooling water conditioningwater treatmentirrigationbeverage industries breweriesprinting industrieseducationcorrosion prevention surface finishingconstruction industry aquacultureand others.To get your personal selection of specific test kits, please seepage 57 or contact us prior to ordering.56MNwww.mn-net.com

Reagent casesReagent cases for water analysisIndividual VISOCOLOR ® reagent cases for different applicationsChoose from different empty VISOCOLOR ® reagent cases tofill them with various VISOCOLOR ® test kits and refill packsto customize your own portable environmental laboratory.The empty VISOCOLOR ® reagent cases are available withor without the photometer PF-11.To customize your individual reagent cases please keep thefollowing in mind:1. Which parameters you want to check?2. Which measuring range you are looking for?3. How many samples you have to analyse?4. Which kind of samples have to be analysed?5. Which method should be used (colorimetric, titrimetric,or photometric)?You only have to order your desired empty VISOCOLOR ® reagentcase and the suitable test kits or refill packs. On requestwe can check which arrangement is the most practicalway and make an attractive offer for you.Some examples for customized VISOCOLOR ® reagent casesare as follows:Example of a reagent case for aquaculture and fish farmingExample of a reagent case for electroplating industryAmmonium 3931 008Carbonatehardness931 014Hardness931 029Iron931 026Nitrate931 041Oxygen931 088pH 4.0 – 9.0931 066Phosphate931 084This reagent case is equipped with VISOCOLOR ® ECO testkits.Chlorine914 232Chromate914 211Coppper914 234Cyanide914 242Nickel914 219Sulphate914 235Zinc914 241This reagent case is equipped with VISOCOLOR ®packs in combination with photometer PF-11.refill®Example for a reagent case for constructions industryAcidity AC 7931 014Ammonium913 15Chloride931 018Hardness931 029Magnesium931 029pH 4.5 - 10.0921 20Sulphate913 29Sulphide931 094This reagent case is equipped with test papers, test sticksand VISOCOLOR ® ECO test kits.Example for a special reagent caseChromium(VI)931 220Copper931 237Cyanide931 222Hardness931 029Iron931 226Nickel931 240pH 6.0 – 8.2931 270Phosphate931 284Sulphate914 235This reagent case is equipped with VISOCOLOR ® ECO testkits and refill packs in combination with photometer PF-11.www.mn-net.comMN 57

Photometer for water analysisVISOCOLOR ® photino®Portable photometer for drinking water and pool analysisThe VISOCOLOR ® photino is an irreplaceable analyticaltool for the determination of:ChlorinepH andCyanuric acid.Modern optics - Accurate resultsHighest accuracy is obtained by an optimal match of calibrationsdue to a state of the art microprocessor and signal averagingover the complete measurement period. The resultsare directly displayed in mg/l. An off scale warning occurs, ifresults are out of the measuring range.The LED technologyassures a long term stability of the light source and low powerconsumption.Auto zero functionThe auto zero function speeds up analysis time and reducespreparation of blank values to a minimum.Easy to useThe one button operation allowsan extremely simple measurementprocedure. Allmethods are factoryprogrammed, no usercalibrations areNEW!needed.Technical DataType:Optics:Detector:Display:Operation:User languages:Autoblank:Automaticshutt off:Stability:Power supply:Temperaturerange:Housing:Dimensions:Weight:Warranty:handheld LED photometer,preprogrammed with 3 calibrationsnarrow band LED with 525 nmphotovoltaic cellalphanumeric LC display 2 x 16 charactersmicroswitch for automatic release ofmeasurements 2 foil-covered keysoperator controlled selection of variouslanguages (4 per instrument)optional operator controlled featureafter 15 min< 0.005 E/h3 AA batteries (included)0 – 50 °C (operating);0 – 95 % rel. humiditycorrosion and water resistant ABSplastic; sealed and splash prooved foilkeypad, IP 54146 x 91 x 50 mm340 g2 yearsReagentsThe VISOCOLOR ® photino case can be supplemented withVISOCOLOR ® colorimetric reagents for determination of freeand total chlorine (0.05 – 6.00 mg/l), pH 6.0-8.2 and cyanuricacid (10-100 mg/l) - up to 150 determinations each. The reagentsdo not contain any hazardous chemicals and the resultingpreparations are easy to dispose after use. Theeconomically priced refill reagents remarkably reduce theprice per test.Auto switch technologyThe photometric measurement is released automatically afterthe cuvette has been inserted into the cuvette slot. No additionalkeystroke is necessary.Economic power managementUp to 2000 measurements can be done with a set of 3 AA batteries.The power consumption is reduced to a minimum dueto the modern LED technology and power saving auto-offfunction after 15 min of non-use. A low battery warning indicateswhen you need to replace the batteries.58MNwww.mn-net.com

Photometer for water analysisVISOCOLOR ® photinoClear dosage and test instructionsColoured pictograms guide you through the tests step bystep. All VISOCOLOR ® reagent bottles are epquiped withclear dosing instructions.VISOCOLOR ® reagent case with portable photometerVISOCOLOR ® photinoThe compact photometer VISOCOLOR ® photino and theeasy to handle VISOCOLOR ® ECO reagents – a perfectcombination for daily analysis of water quality.Ordering informationPortable laboratoryThe VISOCOLOR ® photino with its lightweight but ruggedcarrying case is a complete portable laboratory with space forreagents and analytical accessories.Easy handling – no more stirring, no more crushingWhether liquid DPD reagents for chlorine, NANOFIX indicatorcapsules for pH or finest reagent powder for chlorine and cyanuricacid; all reagents are easy to dose and dissolve immediately.DescriptionCat. No.Carrying case with photometer VISOCOLOR ® photino,3 AA batteries, 4 test tubes, 1 syringe 10 ml, 1 funnel,1 plastic beaker 25 ml, 1 instrument manual and testinstructions; available with different combinations of reagents.User languages: German, English, Spanish andPortuguese (French version on request)VISOCOLOR ® photino carrying case for thedetermination of Chlorine with liquid DPD reagent(Range 0.10 – 2.50 mg/l)Carrying case without reagents 931 300.1Carrying case with reagents VISOCOLOR ® 931 311.1ECO Chlorine 2Carrying case with reagents VISOCOLOR ® 931 322.1ECO Chlorine 2 and pH 6.0 – 8.2Carrying case with reagents VISOCOLOR ® 931 333.1ECO Chlorine 2, pH 6.0 – 8.2 and Cyanuric acidVISOCOLOR ® photino carrying case for thedetermination of Chlorine with solid DPD reagent(Range 0.05 – 6.00 mg/l)Carrying case without reagents 931 600.1Carrying case with reagents VISOCOLOR ® 931 611.1ECO Chlorine 6Carrying case with reagents VISOCOLOR ® 931 622.1ECO Chlorine 6 and pH 6.0 – 8.2Carrying case with reagents VISOCOLOR ® 931 633.1ECO Chlorine 6, pH 6.0 – 8.2 and Cyanuric acidReagent refill packsVISOCOLOR ® ECO Chlorine 2931 215(0.10 – 2.50 mg/l)VISOCOLOR ® ECO free Chlorine 2931 216(0.10 – 2.50 mg/l)VISOCOLOR ® ECO Chlorine 6931 217(0.05 – 6.00 mg/l)VISOCOLOR ® ECO free Chlorine 6931 219(0.05 – 6.00 mg/l)VISOCOLOR ® ECO pH 6.0 – 8.2 931 270VISOCOLOR ® ECO Cyanuric acid931 223(10 – 100 mg/l)®www.mn-net.comMN 59

Photometer for water analysisPhotometer PF-11Portable photometer for field and laboratory use®The photometer PF-11 offers an easy start into photometricwater analysis. When evaluated with PF-11 our economicallypriced VISOCOLOR ® reagents, which have been successfullyused in our colorimetric or photometrictest kits for years,give rapid and accurate results, which are even more precisethan a visual evaluation. Photometry allows reliable measurements,independent of surrounding light conditions or personalcolour assessments.If there is a need for more accurate results, a lower detectionlimit or simply, if a large variety of test kits with various measuringranges is requested, the use of NANOCOLOR ® tubetests is the choice.Portable multiparameter photometerField and laboratory useBattery and mains operableMore than 100 preprogrammed calibrations27 VISOCOLOR ® ECO calibrations26 VISOCOLOR ® calibrations89 NANOCOLOR ® calibrationsDirect reading in mg/lExtinction measurementCuvette slot for 16 mm round tubesTechnical dataType:Optics:WavelengthsLight source:Detector:Display:Operation:Measuringrange:Stability:Datainterface:Powersupply:Dimensions:Weight:Single beam filter photometerFilter wheel with 6 coloured glassfilters380/405/470/520/605/720 nmTungsten lampSilicon photoelement2 x 16 characters, 5 mm high3 foil-covered keys± 2.5 E< 0.01 E/hRS 232 serial interface1600 mAh, 4 rechargeable batteries withexternal charger, sufficient for at least1000 measurements or via socket with aseparate mains adaptor (9 V/1.5 A)195 x 100 x 40 mm480 g incl. rechargeable batteriesUser-friendlyLarge display with clear user guidance in 8 languagesPhotometric pH-measurementInterface for datatransfer to a PCOrdering informationDescription:Photometer PF-11, complete in a case, incl.manual, 4 rechargeable batteries, charger,2 empty test tubes and funnel for samplingExternal mains adaptor (100 – 240 V)9 V / 1.5 AGB plug for mains adaptorUSA plug for mains adaptorCat. No.919 05919 06919 06.GB919 06.USAVISOCOLOR ® and NANOCOLOR ® tests wich can be evaluated with the photometer PF-11Test Ranges Cat. No.VISOCOLOR ® ECO test kitsAmmonium 3 0.1 – 1.2 mg/l NH 4 -N 0.1 – 1.5 mg/l NH + 4 /NH 3 931 208Chloride 1 – 40 mg/l Cl – 931 218Chlorine 2 0.1 – 2.0 mg/l Cl 2 931 215free Chlorine 2 NEW! 0.1 – 2.0 mg/l Cl 2 931 21660MNwww.mn-net.com

Photometer for water analysisPhotometer PF-11VISOCOLOR ® and NANOCOLOR ® tests wich can be evaluated with the photometer PF-11 (cont.)Test Ranges Cat. No.Chlorine 6 NEW! 0.05 – 6.00 mg/l Cl 2 931 217free Chlorine 6 NEW! 0.05 – 6.00 mg/l Cl 2 931 219Chromium(VI) 0.02 – 0.50 mg/l Cr(VI) 0.04 – 1.00 mg/l CrO2–4 931 220Copper 0.2 – 1.5 mg/l Cu 2+ 931 237Cyanide 0.01 – 0.20 mg/l CN – 931 222Cyanuric acid 10 – 100 mg/l Cya 931 223Fluoride 0.1 – 2.0 mg/l F – 931 227Iron 0.04 – 1.00 mg/l Fe 931 226Manganese 0.1 – 1.5 mg/l Mn 931 238Nickel 0.1 – 1.5 mg/l Ni 2+ 931 240Nitrate 1 – 27 mg/l NO 3 -N 4 – 120 mg/l NO–3 931 241Nitrite 0.01 – 0.15 mg/l NO 2 -N 0.02 – 0.50 mg/l NO–2 931 244Oxygen 1 – 10 mg/l O 2 931 288pH 6.0 – 8.2 NEW! 6.0 – 8.2 pH 931 270Phosphate 0.2 – 5.0 mg/l PO 4 -P 0.6 – 15.0 mg/l PO3–4 931 284Potassium 2 – 15 mg/l K + 931 232Silica 0.2 – 3.0 mg/l SiO 2 0.1 – 1.4 mg/l Si 931 233Sulfide 0.05 – 0.80 mg/l S 2– 931 294Zinc NEW! 0.1 – 3.0 mg/l Zn 2+ 931 298®VISOCOLOR ® comparator test kitsAmmonium (DEV) 0.1 – 1.6 mg/l NH 4 -N 0.1 – 2.0 mg/l NH + 4 /NH 3 914 238Chlorine 0.10 – 2.00 mg/l Cl 2 914 232Chromate 0.1 – 1.0 mg/l Cr(VI) 0.1 – 2.0 mg/l CrO2–4 914 211Copper 0.1 – 3.0 mg/l Cu 2+ 914 234Cyanide 0.05 – 1.00 mg/l CN – 914 242Iron (Triazine) 0.1 – 2.0 mg/l Fe 914 239Iron (DEV) 0.1 – 7.0 mg/l Fe 914 217Manganese 0.1 – 4.0 mg/l Mn 914 218Nickel 0.2 – 10.0 mg/l Ni 2+ 914 219Nitrate 50 0.2 – 9.0 mg/l NO 3 -N 1 – 40 mg/l NO–3 914 245Nitrite 0.02 – 0.60 mg/l NO 2 -N 0.05 – 2.00 mg/l NO–2 914 220Phosphate (DEV) 0.1 – 1.5 mg/l PO 4 -P 0.2 – 5.0 mg/l PO3–4 914 237Phosphate 0.6 – 8.0 mg/l PO 4 -P 2 – 25 mg/l PO3–4 914 223Silica 0.1 – 2.5 mg/l Si 0.2 – 5.0 mg/l SiO 2 914 224Sulphate 20 – 200 mg/l SO2–4 914 235Sulphide 0.05 – 1.00 mg/l S 2– 914 233Zinc 0.2 – 3.0 mg/l Zn 2+ 914 241NANOCOLOR ® tube testsAluminium 07 0.02 – 0.70 mg/l Al 3+ 985 098Ammonium 3 0.04 – 2.30 mg/l NH 4 -N 0.05 – 3.00 mg/l NH + 4 /NH 3 985 003Ammonium 10 0.2 – 8.0 mg/l NH 4 -N 0.2 – 10.0 mg/l NH + 4 /NH 3 985 004Ammonium 50 1 – 40 mg/l NH 4 -N 1 – 50 mg/l NH + 4 /NH 3 985 005Ammonium 200 30 – 160 mg/l NH 4 -N 40 – 200 mg/l NH + 4 /NH 3 985 006AOX 3 0.01 – 3.0 mg/l AOX 985 007BOD 5 (biochem. oxygen demand) 0.5 – 12.0 mg/l O 2 (2 – 3000 mg/l O 2 ) 985 822BOD 5 -TT 0.5 – 7.0 mg/l O 2 (2 – 3000 mg/l O 2 ) 985 825Cadmium 2 0.10 – 2.00 mg/l Cd 2+ 985 014Carbonate hardness 15 1.0 – 15.0 °d 0.4 – 5.4 mmol/l H + 985 015Chloride 50 0.5 – 50 mg/l Cl – 985 021Chloride 200 5 – 200 mg/l Cl – 985 019Chlorine/Ozone 2 0.05 – 2.50 mg/l Cl 2 0.05 – 2.00 mg/l O 3 985 017Chlorine dioxide 5 0.2 – 5.0 mg/l ClO 2 985 018Chromate 5 0.03 – 1.80 mg/l Cr(VI) 0.1 – 4.0 mg/l CrO2–4 985 024www.mn-net.comMN 61

Photometer PF-11Photometer for water analysisVISOCOLOR ® and NANOCOLOR ® tests wich can be evaluated with the photometer PF-11 (cont.)®985 043Test Ranges Cat. No.COD 160 15 – 160 mg/l O 2 985 026COD 160 Hg-free 15 – 160 mg/l O 2 963 026COD 300 50 – 300 mg/l O 2 985 033COD 1500 100 – 1500 mg/l O 2 985 029COD 10000 1.00 – 10.00 g/l O 2 985 023COD 15000 1.0 – 15.0 g/l O 2 985 028Colour 10 – 500 mg/l Pt –org. Complexing agents 10 0.5 – 10.0 mg/l l BiK 985 052Copper 7 0.1 – 7.0 mg/l Cu 2+ 985 054Cyanide 08 0.01 – 0.80 mg/l CN – 985 031DEHA 1 (diethylhydroxylamine) 0.05 – 1.00 mg/l DEHA 985 035Ethanol 1000 0.10 – 1.00 g/l EtOH 0.013 – 0.130 Vol% EtOH 985 838Extinction 0.010 – 2.500 EFluoride 2 0.1 – 2.0 mg/l F – 985 040Formaldehyde 8 0.1 – 8.0 mg/l HCHO 985 041Hardness 20 1.0 – 20.0 °d5 – 50 mg/l Mg 2+0.2 – 3.6 mmol/l 10 – 50 mg/l Ca 2+HC 300 (hydrocarbons) 0.5 – 5.6 mg/l HC 30 – 300 mg/kg HC 985 057Iron 3 0.1 – 3.0 mg/l Fe 985 037Lead 5 0.1 – 5.0 mg/l Pb 2+ 985 009Manganese 10 0.1 – 10.0 mg/l Mn 985 058Methanol 15 0.2 – 15.0 mg/l MeOH 985 859Molybdenum 40 1.0 – 20.0 mg/l Mo(VI) 1.6 – 32.0 mg/l MoO2-4 985 056Nickel 7 0.1 – 7.0 mg/l Ni 2+ 985 061Nitrate 50 0.5 – 16.0 mg/l NO 3 -N 2 – 70 mg/l NO–3 985 064Nitrite 2 0.01 – 0.45 mg/l NO 2 -N 0.03 – 1.50 mg/l NO–2 985 068Nitrite 4 NEW! 0.1 – 4.0 mg/l NO 2 -N 0.3 – 13.0 mg/l NO–2 985 069total Nitrogen 22 0.5 – 16.0 mg/l N 985 083total Nitrogen 220 NEW! 5 – 160 mg/l N 985 088Nonionic surfactants 15 NEW! 0.3 – 10.0 mg/l 985 047Organic acids 3000 NEW! 30 – 3000 mg/l HOAc 0.5 – 50.0 mmol/l HOAc 985 050Oxygen 12 0.5 – 12.0 mg/l O 2 985 082Peroxide 2 0.1 – 2.0 mg/l H 2 O 2 985 871pH 6.5 – 8.2 6.5 – 8.2 pH 918 72Phenolic index 5 0.2 – 5.0 mg/l 985 074Potassium 50 2 – 50 mg/l K + 985 045ortho- and total Phosphate 1 0.1 – 1.5 mg/l PO 4 -P 0.2 – 5.0 mg/l PO3–4 985 076ortho- and total Phosphate 5 0.2 – 5.0 mg/l PO 4 -P 0.5 – 15.0 mg/l PO3–4 985 081ortho- and total Phosphate 15 0.3 – 15.0 mg/l PO 4 -P 1.0 – 45.0 mg/l PO3–4 985 080ortho- and total Phosphate 45 NEW! 5.0 – 50.0 mg/l PO 4 -P 15 – 150 mg/l PO3–4 985 055ortho- and total Phosphate 50 10.0 – 50.0 mg/l PO 4 -P 30 – 150 mg/l PO3–4 985 079POC 20020 – 120 mg/l 2 – 40 mg/l 985 070(polyoxycarboxylic acids NEW!Residual hardness 1 0.05 – 1.00 °d 0.009 – 0.18 mmol/l 985 084Starch 100 5 – 100 mg/l 985 085Sulphate 200 10 – 200 mg/l SO2–4 985 086Sulphate 1000 200 – 1000 mg/l SO2–4 985 087Sulphite 10 0.2 – 10.0 mg/l SO2–3 985 089Sulphite 100 5 – 100 mg/l SO2–3 985 090Thiocyanate 50 1.0 – 50.0 mg/l SCN – 985 091Tin 3 0.1 – 3.0 mg/l Sn 985 097TOC 70 NEW! 2 – 70 mg/l C 985 094Turbidity 10 – 400 FAU 2 – 70 1 / m –Zinc 4 0.1 – 4.0 mg/l Zn 2+ 985 09662MNwww.mn-net.com