TECHNICAL GUIDE FOR EGG PRODUCTION INTRODUCTION In ...

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Shape of roof: Practically poultry houses built should havegable roof, with pitch varying from 25 cm to 30cm. Anoverhang of 40cm to 50cm helps to protect the inside fromwindy rains and affords interior shade.Length: The length of the house should be 15m long enoughto accommodate cages for 1000 hens.Width: The width of an open side house should not exceed 8meters. A house wider than this will not provide ampleventilation during hot weather.Height: The distance from the concrete floor to the rooflineshould be 3m to accommodate the height of the laying cages,which is 2.5m x 2.5m each. Houses with roofs lower than thiswould cause too much heat and poor ventilation.House temperatures: Excessive fluctuations inenvironmental temperatures are detrimental to productivityand efficiency. As such, the recommended ideal housetemperature should range between 21°C and 30°C. With lowtemperatures, more feed will be consumed resulting in largeegg sizes. High house temperatures will reduce feedconsumption and will result in small egg sizes.ProductionAverage egg production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275 eggs/ hen/ yrTotal eggs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41,250.00 dozensDamages/ breakages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5% total eggs/ yrTotal eggs (incl. damages) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39,187.50 dozensEggs/hen/year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 dozensMortality of initial flock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10%Number of end of lay hens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1,800Feed/ hen/ day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.116 gWater/ hen/ day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.348 lStress pack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 g / 1000 hensNewcastle vaccine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 vaccine/ hensBundle for egg cartons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 (12 eggs cartons)Dozen eggs @ P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.00End of lay (spent) hens @ P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30.00Labour months/ yr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Labourer/ house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Egg production is closely related to changes in day length. Assuch, a 1 hour light to the day length of 6am – 7pm during the20 th week should be provided. The lighting period needs to beincreased by 30 minutes every week till it reaches a total of17 hours (sunlight + artificial light) of light per 24 hours. Adecrease in day length can cause hens to produce few eggs.1015
APPENDIX 1EGG PRODUCTION PROJECTIONSSummary of key assumptions of productionProject sizeInitial flock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2,000 hensPoultry farm length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150 mPoultry farm width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 mPoultry houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Poultry house length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 mPoultry house width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 mStore room length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 mStore room width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 mToilet length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.5 mToilet width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 mManager's house length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 mManager's house width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 mHens / partition of cage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Partitions/ cage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Hens / cage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100Starter cages/ house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Follower cages/ house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Flock size/ house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1,000Feed requirementsThe most important feed intake required to sustaining eggproduction, promoting health and growth in body weight iscarbohydrates (energy) and amino acid, which come fromcereal grains and vegetable protein respectively. The aim ofegg producer is to convert a given amount of feed into asmany eggs as possible.Feed intake: As a guide the average feed intake range from116g/bird/day and 118 g/bird/day. However, a hen will requireabout 1.8kg of feed to produce a dozen of eggs weighing 50-65grams.On arrival, laying pullets will be given layers’ mash. After 18weeks only few hens will lay eggs. However, from the 21 stweek, 80 per cent of the flock will start laying eggs. Ahen should lay between 270 and 280 eggs over a period of12 months.There are two feeding programs the farmer should considerin egg production. That is day- time and midnight feedingprograms. It is highly recommended to feed hens during thenight when temperatures are low. During day time,temperatures are high which inhibits proper feeding.However, care should be taken to avoid feeding hens withincorrect diet. Incorrect diet can cause bleaching of brownshell, mottling of yolk, poor shell quality and egg shape.WaterHens drink clean water about thrice the amount of feed theyeat per day. Therefore, at point of lay they will require 0.348Lper hen/day. As such, farmers should ensure that there is areliable source of clean water.1411
Page 1 and 2: TECHNICAL GUIDE FOR EGG PRODUCTIONI
Page 3 and 4: EGG PRODUCTION PROJECTIONSPmtNo.Ent
Page 6 and 7: MARKETING ISSUESMarket surveyA prop
Page 8 and 9: FIXED ASSETSKey farm assets require
Page 12: INFRASTRUCTUREElectricity/Gas: It i

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