Perceptions of CO2 Report - Global CCS Institute

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3 OverviewThis research project’s larger goal was to understand how knowledge and understanding of CO 2influences attitudes towards CCS. A secondary aim was to investigate how providing informationusing an experimental survey mechanism affects respondents’ perceptions. To meet these goalswhile maximising validity (Creswell, 2002; Tashakkori & Teddlie, 1998), a mixed methodology ofboth qualitative and quantitative research was employed. Figure 1 provides an outline of theproject’s steps.Figure 1: Process of research project8 | Understanding how individuals perceive carbon dioxide
4 Qualitative investigationHistorically, lack of knowledge about CCS has led to methodological issues for CCS researchers,in that it is often difficult to assess attitudes towards a technology of which research participantshave little knowledge. As a result, some researchers are adopting methods that providerespondents with information about CCS at the time data is gathered (see e.g. Duan, 2010;Palmgren, et al., 2005).This project’s qualitative research component aimed to explore public perceptions of CO 2 andidentify common themes and attributes that would then inform the follow-up survey. An exploratoryprocess was used in the interviews and focus groups. In each of the three countries, 18 one-hourinterviews were conducted with participants from varied backgrounds (e.g., gender, age, educationlevel, etc.) to understand how individuals understood CO 2 . Interviews began with a series of openendedquestions regarding current knowledge and perceptions of CO 2 and CCS (as listed inAppendix A). Then, information was provided on CCS, and respondents were asked for theirthoughts on the different stages of the process. To manage potential bias in the information,scientists who are experts in the CCS field developed it through an internal review processincorporating social scientists and engineers. Next, the interviews investigated how perceptionsand understanding of CO 2 and CCS were influenced by the provision of different types ofinformation. After information sheets were provided on where CO 2 is naturally found; commercialcommodities that are in some way related to CO 2 ; and its properties, characteristics, and behaviourincluding during CCS, interviewees were asked whether the information had changed theirperceptions and understanding of CO 2 and CCS. Interview results were analysed for commonthemes, and the information was collated to inform the material for focus groups.Two focus groups were conducted in each country. The focus groups lasted approximately 2.5hours and comprised six to eight participants from varied backgrounds (e.g. gender, age,education level, etc.). During the focus groups, participants were presented with informationsheets on CCS and CO 2 ’s characteristics and properties that had been informed by the earlierinterviews. Afterwards, they completed brief questionnaires, discussed their perceptions of CCS,and explained whether they felt that the information was important for them when forming anopinion about CCS. Additional information was then presented on the consequences of CO 2phenomena; how CO 2 behaves in CCS; and what would happen if CO 2 were to leak from pipelinesor underground storage. Participants then discussed what effect this new information had on theirperceptions of CO 2 and CCS. Further details of the focus group design can be found in AppendixB.Significant qualitative findings from all three countries were listed and classified to make a draft ofthe survey questionnaire. The focus group material was analysed for recurring themes andapparent country differences.Understanding how individuals perceive carbon dioxide | 9
Page 2 and 3: Enquiries should be addressed to:Dr
Page 4 and 5: Part V Conclusion and Recommendatio
Page 6 and 7: TablesTable 1: Combination of infor
Page 8 and 9: Executive summaryCarbon dioxide cap
Page 10 and 11: Recommendations derived from this w
Page 12 and 13: 1 IntroductionClimate change has of
Page 14 and 15: 2.2 Perceptions of CO 2Very little
Page 16 and 17: • perceptions about the nature an
Page 20 and 21: 5 Internet surveyFindings from the
Page 22 and 23: Respondents were provided with eith
Page 24 and 25: 6 Administration of the survey6.1 T
Page 26 and 27: Part III Results16 | Understanding
Page 28 and 29: 7.1.2 KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTIONS OF
Page 30 and 31: 7.2 Quantitative resultsThe followi
Page 32 and 33: PropertiesKnowledge about CO 2 ’s
Page 34 and 35: UsesRespondents were asked about th
Page 36 and 37: 7.2.3 PERCEPTIONS OF CO 2First asse
Page 38 and 39: 7.2.4 AWARENESS AND PERCEPTIONS OF
Page 40 and 41: First assessmentError! Reference so
Page 42 and 43: Second assessmentPerceptions were a
Page 44 and 45: formed their opinion using the CCS
Page 46 and 47: Table 18, Appendix F. Furthermore,
Page 48 and 49: DF DF DFInfoACO 2characteristicsInf
Page 50 and 51: Table 20 in Appendix F shows the re
Page 52 and 53: 8 DiscussionThis international rese
Page 54 and 55: eflect how close the potential CCS
Page 56 and 57: eceived information about natural p
Page 58 and 59: Part V Conclusion andRecommendation
Page 60 and 61: 9.2 Recommendations9.2.1 NEED FOR E
Page 62 and 63: Part VI Appendices andReferences52
Page 64 and 65: Q: How did your images and understa
Page 66 and 67: Q: What kind of information about C
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Q5Q6Q7Q8Q9AQuestion statementsHere
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BCQuestion statementsPlease read th
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Q13Q14Q15Question statementsNext yo
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Appendix D Participant Demographics
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Appendix E Selected Qualitative Res
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• “Water is such a precious thi
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Univ_dmy - - - - -Female_dmy - - -
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The table above shows the compariso
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Set B: CCS impressionTable 12: Regr
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•Extra CO 2 is put in the air in
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a50s_dmyO60s_dmyCsea_dmyAdjusted R-
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ionCCSawarenessCO 2Clean1CO 2Useful
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Table 14: ANOVA (three factors) for
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Table 16: Regression analysis on in
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CO 2relatedactivityInformationgathe
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CO 2 relatedactivityInformationgath
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Table 18: ANOVA (four factors) for
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Table 20: Regression analysis on in
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gathering topics Environment - - -0
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Creswell, J. W. (2002). Research de
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Shackley, S., Gough, C., & McLachla
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