The revised Scheme of examinations and syllabus relating to M.Sc ...

APPENDIX-7(R)UNIVERSITY OF MADRASM.Sc. DEGREE COURSE IN BOTANY(UNDER CHOICED BASED CREDIT SYSTEM)(to take effect from the academic year 2012-2013 and thereafter)I. That in the Regulations relating to M.Sc. Degree Course in Botany– under Regulation No. 5-Scheme of Examinations be modified toread as follows.REVISED SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS:I YEARCourseComponentTitle of thepaperFIRST SEMESTERInst.Hrs.CreditExamHrsCIAMarksExtTotalCOREPAPER-ICOREPAPER-IICOREPAPER-IIIElective - IElectrive -IISoft Skill - IPlant Diversity-I- Phycology,Mycology,BryologyPlant Diversity-IIPteridophytes,GymnospermsandPaleobotanyPractical-ICoveringTheory Papers Iand IIMicrobiology(or)EvolutionPlant ResearchMethodology(or)Ethno botanySoft Skilledcourse 16 4 3 25 75 1006 4 3 25 75 1008 4 4 40 60 1004 3 3 25 75 1004 3 3 25 75 1002 1X2=2 3 25 75 1001

SECOND SEMESTERSEMESTERTitle of thepaperIns.Hrs.CreditExamHrsCIAMarksExtTotalCOREPAPER-IVCOREPAPER-VCOREPAPER-VICOREPAPER-VIIElective – IIIExtraDisciplinary–ISoft Skill - IIPlant DiversityIII – Taxonomyand EconomicBotany ofAngiospermsDevelopmentalBotany-Anatomy,EmbryologyandPalynology ofAngiospermsEnvironmentalBotany,Phytogeographyand RemotesensingPractical IICoveringTheory PapersIV, V and VIBioinformatics(or)BionanotechnologyHerbal DrugBiotechnologySoft Skilledcourse - 25 4 3 25 75 1005 4 3 25 75 1005 4 3 25 75 1005 4 3 40 60 1004 3 3 25 75 1004 3 3 25 75 1002 2 3 25 75 100II YEARTHIRD SEMESTERCourseComponentCOREPAPER-VIIICOREPAPER-IXSubjectTitle of thepaperCell Biologyand GeneticsPlantMolecularBiologyInst.HrsCreditExamHrsMarksCIA Ext Total5 4 3 25 75 1005 4 3 25 75 1002

COREPAPER-XCOREPAPER-XIElective IVApplied Plantcell and TissueCulturePractical III -Coveringtheory papersVIII, IX & XBiostatistics(or) WoodTechnology5 4 3 25 75 1005 4 4 40 60 1004 3 4 25 75 100Extradisciplinary- IIPlantBiotechnology4 3 3 25 75 100Internship* 2 - - - 100Soft Skill- IIISoft SkillCourse - 32 2 3 25 75 100* Internship will be carried out during the summer vacation of theFirst Year (IInd Semester) and marks should be sent to theuniversity by the college and the same will be included in thethird Semester statement of marks.FOURTH SEMESTERCourseComponentSubjectTitle of thepaperInst.HrsCreditExamHrsMarksCIA Ext TotalCOREPAPER-XIICOREPAPER-XIIICOREPAPER-XIVPlantBiochemistryandBiophysicsPlantPhysiologyPracticals - IV-Coveringtheory papersXI and XII6 4 3 25 75 1006 4 3 25 75 1006 4 4 40 60 100COREPAPER-XVProject /Review ofLiterature6 4 40Viva - 20Presentation-2060 1003

Elective- VSoft Skill IVAlgalBiotechnology(or) AppliedPlant PathologySoft SkillCourse - 44 3 3 25 75 1002 2 3 25 75 100II. The above amendment to the Regulations take effect from theacademic year 2012-2013 and thereafter.AC.S’12*****4

APPENDIX-7(R)UNIVERSITY OF MADRASM.Sc. DEGREE COURSE IN BOTANY(UNDER CHOICED BASED CREDIT SYSTEM)(to take effect from the academic year 2012-2013 and thereafter)REVISED SYLLABUSTitle of the Course/PaperCategory of theCourseCORE PAPER-IPlant Diversity- I- Phycology,Mycology and BryologyYear/ SemesterI Year -I SemesterCredit-4 SubjectCodePLANT DIVERSITY- I- PHYCOLOGY, MYCOLOGY ANDBRYOLOGYPHYCOLOGYUNIT - IDistribution, Pigmentation, flagellation, storage products and cell wallcomposition of various divisions of algae. General account andclassification of algae (Fritsch and Christensen systems).Range of structure, reproduction, life histories and phylogeny of thefollowing genera: Hydrodictyon, Chara,UNIT - IIRange of structure, reproduction, life histories and phylogeny of thefollowing genera: Codium, Ulva, Padina, Gelidium, Oscillatoria,Scytonema, MicrocystisUNIT - IIIMYCOLOGYClassification of Fungi Alexopoulos and Mims, Ainsworth. Structureincluding ultra structure, reproduction, phylogeny and interrelationships of various groups. Heterothallism in fungi - sexuality infungi, Parasexuality - sex hormones in fungi.Cultivation of mushrooms - Pleurotus. Mycorrhizal Fungi. Itsapplication in agriculture and forestry. Economic importance of fungi.5

UNIT - IVUNIT – VBRYOLOGYStructure, reproduction and life histories of the following.Myxomycotina : Plasmodiophora.Mastigomycotina : Phytophthora.Zygomycotina : Rhizopus.Ascomycotina : Taphrina.Basidiomycotina : Polyporus.Deuteromycotina : Alternaria, Septoria,Cercospora.Classification (Watson, 1971). Range of gametophytes andsporophytes in Bryophytes- Reproduction-asexual and sexual –Lifehistory- .Structure, reproduction and life history of the following:Targionia, Reboulia, Porella, Funaria.Phylogeny Economic importance of Bryophytes.REFERENCE BOOKSAlexopoulos, C. J. And Bold, H. C. Algae and Fungi. The MacmillionCo. London.Bold, H. C and Wynne, M. J. 1978.Introduction to the Algae:Structure and Function. Prantice Hall of India New DelhiChapman,V. J. 1962. The Algae. Macmillan and Co. Ltd. New York.Dioxn, P. S. 1973. Biology of Rhodophyta. Hafner Press. New York.Dodge, J. E. The Fine Structure of Algal Cells. AP LondonFogg., G. E. 1953. The Metabolism of Algae. Methuen & Co. LondonFott, B.1959. Studies in Phylogy. Academia PragueFritsch, F. E.1935. The Structure and Reproduction of Algae, Vol. I.University Press CambridgeFritsch, F. E.1945. The Structure and Reproduction of Algae, Vol Il. I.University Press Cambridge.Harley, J. L. 1969. The Biology of Mycorrhiza Leonard Hill. LondonKumar H. D and H. N. Singh.1982. A text Book on Algae. AffiliatedEast- West Press Pvt. Ltd6

Morris, I. 1968. An Introduction to the Algae, Hutchinson UniversityLibrary, LondonPhillips, J. M. and Hayman, D. S. 1970.Improved procedures forclearing roots and staining parasitc and vesicular arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi for rapids assessment and infection. Trans.Br. Mycol.Soc. 55:158-161.Pickett_ Heaps, J. D.1975. Green Algae. Sinauer Associates,Sunderland, MassPrescott, G. W. 1969.The Algae: A Review. Thomson Nelson &Sons. LondonRound, F. E. 1973. The Biology of Algae. Edward Arnold. LondonSchenck,N. C. and Perez,Y. 1990.Manual for the identification of VAmycorrizal fungi. Publications, Gaineswille, Florida USA pp283Smith, G. M.1951. Manual of Phycology. Chronica Botanica Co.,Waltham MassSmith, G. M.1955. Crytogamic Botany Vol. IMc Graw – Hill Co.New YorkSmith, S and Reed, D. J.1997. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis AcademicPress.Stein, J. R. Hand Book of Phycological Methods. University Press.CambridgeKumar . H. D. and H. N. Singh. A text book of Algae. Affliated EsatWest Press. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi (1971)Gangulee and Khar. College Botany The New Central Book AgencyCalcuttaChapman . V. J and H. J. Chapman .The Algae. 2 nd Edition (1961)Alexopoulos. Introduction to mycology. Wiley Eastern Pvt. Ltd.New York (1973)Elizabeth Moore and Lander Fundamentals of Fungi. Prantice hallNew JurseryReimer, H.1954. Bryophyta. Moose, In: H. Melchoir andE. Werdermann 9 eds) A. Engler’ s Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien 12ed. 218-268 Berlin*****Title of the Course/PaperCategory of theCourseCORE PAPER-IIPLANT DIVERSITY – II -PTERIDOPHYTES,GYMNOSPERMS AND PALEOBOTANYYear/ SemesterI Year -I SemesterCredit 4SubjectCode7

PLANT DIVERSITY- II-PTERIDOPHYTES, GYMNOSPERMS ANDPALEOBOTANYUNIT - IPTERIDOPHYTESGeneral characteristics and classification (Reimer, 1954).Structure, reproduction and life histories of the following genera:Isoetes, Angiopteris, Osmunda, Pteris,.UNIT - IIStructure, reproduction and life histories of the following genera :Polypodium , SalviniaOrigin and evolution of stele and soral evolution.- Heterospory andseed habit, Telome theory, Economic importance.GYMNOSPERMSUNIT - IIIGeneral characters-Range of structure-Anatomy - Reproduction-Phylogeny and Classification (K.R.Sporne 1954).Structure (Exomorphic and endomorphic) - reproduction and lifehistories of the following genera:, Araucaria, Podocarpus.UNIT – IVStructure (Exomorphic and endomorphic) - reproduction and lifehistories of the following genera:, Cupressus, Ephedra.Phylogeny and Economic importance of Gymnosperms.PALEOBOTANYUNIT – VOrigin and evolution of seed habit. Gondwana Flora of India.Contribution of Birbal Sahni to Paleobotany. Study of fossils inunderstanding evolution.Economic importance of fossils - fossils for fuel and as industrial rawmaterials.8

Study of organ genera: Calamites,Sphenophyllum, Calamostachys,Study of organ genera : Lyginopteris, Medullosa, PentoxylonREFERENCE BOOKS1. Eames.A,., 1963 – Morphology of lower vascular plant, McGrawHill2. Forster and Gifford, 1959 – Comparative Morphology of aVascular Plants.3. Pandey B.R., 1977 – A text book of Botany, Pteridophytes andGymnosperms, K. Nath & Meerut.4. Parihar. N.S., 1967 – An introduction of Embriyophyta, Vol.III –Pteriodophyta, Central book depot, Allahabad.5. Smith.G.M., 1955- Crytogamic Botany, Volume-III – McGraw Hill6. Sporne.K.L., 1976 – Morphology of Pteriodophytes, 4 th edition,B.I.Publication.7. Vashista.P.C., 1971 – Botany for Degree students :Pteridophyta. S.Chand&Co8. Chainberlain.C.J. – Gymnosperms structure and evolution,Chicago.9. Sporne. K.R., - Morphology of Gymnosperms, HutchinsonUniversity Library.10. Gupta.M.N., 1972, - The Gymnosperms (2 nd Edition) Shiva LalAgarwala & Co., Agra.11. Vashista, 1976, Gymnosperms, S.Chand & Co.*****9

Title of the Course/PaperCategory of the CourseCORE PAPER-IIIPRACTICAL- I (COVERING THEORYPAPERS I AND II)Year/ SemesterI Year-I SemesterCredit4SubjectCodeALGAEStudy of algae in the field and laboratory of the genera included intheory.External morphology and internal anatomy of the vegetative andreproductive structures of genera given in the theory. Preparation ofculture media and Culture of Green Algae and Blue Green Algae inthe Laboratory (Demonstration). Haemocytometer, TDS meter.FUNGIStudy of morphological and reproductive structures of the generamentioned in theory. Isolation and identification of fungi from soil, air,and Baiting method. Preparation of culture media.BRYOLOGYExternal morphology and internal anatomy of the vegetative andreproductive organs of genera given in the theory.PERIODOPHYTES.External morphology and internal anatomy of the vegetative andreproductive organs of genera given in the theory.Fossils mentioned in the syllabus.GYMNOSPERMSExternal morphology and internal anatomy of the vegetative andreproductive organs of genera given in the theory.Fossils mentioned in the syllabus.Bonafide record of practical work done should be submitted for thepractical examination.10

Title of the Course/ PaperCategory of the CourseELECTIVE- I- MICROBIOLOGYYear/ Semester Credit SubjectI Year-I Semester 3 CodeUNIT - IELECTIVE- I- MICROBIOLOGYVIROLOGY1. General account: .. Virus structure ,. Ultrastructure of virions;Classification and general properties of major families of viruses -modes of replication. - transmission of vituses - Any two plant viraldiseases and controlUNIT - IIBACTERIOLOGYBacteria - Occurrence, nutritional types, kinetics of growth, asexualand sexual reproduction, Any two bacterial diseases on plants andtheir control Phytoplasma: General characteristics and role in causingplant diseases .UNIT - IIIEnvironmental and Agricultural MicrobiologyMicrobes in terrestrial, aquatic, -microbes in the extremeenvironments and their adaptations; - methods for the determinationof microbial numbers, biomass and activities.- Significance ofmicrobial activities in the environment Microbial degradation ofpesticides, petroleum and hydrocarbons; Microbial inoculants inagricultural; microbes as biological control agents .UNIT - IVFOOD MICROBIOLOGYBrief history of microorganism in food stuffs; source types and role ofmicroorganisms in foods; spoilage of fruits and vegetables, fresh andprocessed meats and poultry, and miscellaneous foods such aseggs, bakery products, dairy products, beer and wines, fermentedfoods, and canned foods types of fermentation and bioreactors.11

UNIT - VINNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEMCells and molecules involved in innate and adaptive immunity,antigens, antigenicity and immunogenicity. B and T cell epitopes,structure and function of antibody molecules. Generation of anitibodydiversity, monoclonal antibodies, antibody engineering, antigenantibodyinteractions.Immune response during bacterial (tuberculosis), parasitic (malaria)and viral (HIV) infections, congenital and acquiredimmunodeficiencies, vaccines.REFERENCE BOOKSG. Tortora, B. Funke and C. Case. Microbiology: An Introduction.5th ed. Menlo Park, CA: Bejamin/Cummings, 1995 J. Ingrahamand C. Ingraham. Introduction to Microbiology. Belmont,CA: Wadsworth, 1995.T.D. Brock, M.T. Madison, J. M. Martinko and J. Parker. Biology ofMicroorganisms. 7th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1994.*****Title of the Course/ PaperCategory of the CourseELECTIVE- I- EVOLUTIONYear/ Semester CreditI Year-I Semester 3SubjectCodeELECTIVE- I- EVOLUTIONUNIT - IEMERGENCE OF EVOLUTIONARY THOUGHTS:Lamarck Darwin – concepts of variation, adaptation, struggle fitnessand natural selection; Mendelism; Spontaneity of mutations; Theevolutionary synthesis.UNIT - IIORIGIN OF CELLS AND UNICELLULAR EVOLUTION :Origin of basic biological molecules; abiotic synthesis of organicmonomers and polymers; Concept of Oparin and Haldane;Experiement of Miller (1953); The first cell; Evolution of prokaryotes;Origin of eukaryotic cells; Evolution of unicellular eukaryotes;Anaerobic metabolism, photosynthesis and aerobic metabolism.12

UNIT - IIIMOLECULAR EVOLUTION :Concepts of neutral evolution, molecular divergence and molecularclocks; Molecular tools in phylogeny, classification and identification;Protein and nucleotide sequence analysis; origin of new genes andproteins; Gene duplication and divergence.UNIT - IVTHE MECHANISMS:Population genetics – Populations, Gene pool, Gene frequency;Hardy – Weinberg Law; concepts and rate of change in genefrequency through natural selection, migration and random geneticdrift; Adaptive radiation; Isolating mechanisms; Speciation;Allopatricity and Sympatricity; Convergent evolution; Sexualselection; Co-evolution.UNIT - VBRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION :Approaches and methods in study of behaviour: Proximate andultimate causation; Altrism and evolution – Group selection,Kin selection, Reciprocal altruism; Neural basis of learning, memory,cognition, sleep and arousal; Biological clocks; Development ofbehaviour; Social communication; Social dominance; Use of spaceand territoriality; Mating systems, Parental investment andReproductive success; Parental care; Aggressive behavior, Habitatselection and optimality in foraging; Migration, orientation andnavigation; Domestication and behavioral changes.REFERENCE BOOKS1. D.S. Bendall (ed) 1983. Evolution from molecules to Men.Cambridge University press.2. M.Grene (ed) 1983. Dimension of Darwinism CambridgeUniversity Press.3. E.C. Minkoff (1984) Evolutionary Biology Addison WesleyLondon.*****13

Title of the Course/ PaperCategory of the CourseELECTIVE- II1. PLANT RESEARCHMETHODOLOGYYear/ Credit-3 Subject CodeSemesterI Year -I SemesterPLANT RESEARCH METHODOLOGYUNIT - IIntroduction-Light-Lens-Compound Microscope - Principle-Instrumentation-Types of Light microscopes-Electron microscopes-Scanning and Transmission microscopes, Different Fixation andstaining techniques for EM. Freeze – etch and Freeze fracturemethods for E.M., Microtomy - Fixatives - Dehydration-Paraffinsectioning - Rotary microtome Stain - Methods of staining.Micrometry.UNIT - IIPhotography – Digital Photography – Photomicrography.Centrifugation - pH and pH meter-Chromatography - PaperChromatography-Thin layer Chromatography - ColumnChromatography - Gas Chromatography- Liquid Chromatography.UNIT - IIIElectrophoresis and their applications – Polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis – Agarose electrophoresis-Principles of Photometry- Principle of Colorimeter andspectrophotometer- Applications – Molecular analysis using UVvisible NMR spectroscopy. Molecular structure determination usingX-Ray diffraction.UNIT - IVAnti body generation, Detection of molecules using ELISA,RIA western blot, immunoprecipitation fluocytometry andImmunoflorescence microscopy. Detection of molecules in livingcells, in situ localization by techniques such as Fish & Gish.14

UNIT - VDetection and measurement of different Radioisotopes normally usedin biology. Safety guidelines.Writing the research report- The components a research report- Title-Authors and address- abstract- summary-synopsis-key wordsintroduction-materialsand methods-results-discussionacknowledgementsGeneral introduction and General discussion-REFERENCE BOOKSAnderson, J.B.H. Durston and M. Poole, Thesis and AssignmentWriting, Wiley Eastern Private Limited, New Delhi, 1970.Cromwell, LF.J. Weibell, and E. A. Pfeiffer, BiomedicalInstrumentation and Measurements (Second Edition), prentice-Hall ofIndia Pvt Ltd ,New Delhi,1980.Day, R.A. How to write and publish a scientific paper, 3 rd edition,Oryx Press, Phoenix, Anzona, 1988.Gurumani, N. An Introduction to Biostatistics (Second edition).MJP Publishers, Chennai 2005.Jayaraman, J. Laboratory manual of Biochemistry, Wiley EasternLimited, New Delhi 110 002, 2000.Johansen. D. A.Plant Microtechnique Tata Mc Graw PublishingCompany New Delhi.Johansen. D. A Dehydration and infiltration Science 82:253-254.Johansen. D. A Tertiary butyl alcohol methods. El Palo AltoNews 1:1-2Prescott, L.M.J.P. Harley, and D.A.Klein, Microbiology (Sixth edition)McGraw - Hill, New York.2005.Ray, K. And the dispute goes on Deccan Herald, Tuesday, January13, DH News Service, New Delhi, 2004.Sharma, K.R. Research methodology .National publishing house,Jaipur and NewDelhi, 2002.Webster, J.G. Bioinsturmentation, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt Ltd.Singapore.*****15

Title of the Course/PaperCategory of the CourseELECTIVE- II2. ETHNOBOTANYYear/ Credit 3 SubjectSemesterCodeI YearI SemesterUNIT - IEthnobotany: concepts and definitions. Subdisciplines ofethnobotany. Interdisciplinary approaches. Knowledge of followingsociological and anthropological terms: culture, values and norms,institutions, culture diffusion and ethnocentrism. History ofEthnobotany: A brief history of ethnobotanical studies in the worldand in India.UNIT - IIDistribution of tribes in India. Basic knowledge of following tribes ofTamil Nadu: Irulas, Kanis, Paliyars and Malayalis.UNIT - IIISources of ethnobotanical data: Primary - archeological sources andinventories, Secondary - travelogues, folklore and literary sources,herbaria, medicinal texts and official records. Methods inethnobotanical research. Prior Informed Consent, PRA techniques,interviews and questionnaire methods, choice of resource persons.UNIT - IVEthnobotanical knowledge and communities: Folk TaxonomyPlants associated with culture and socio-religious activities. Nontimber Forest Produce (NTFP) and livelihood Sustainable harvest &value addition.UNIT - VBioprospecting and commercial use of traditional knowledge.Developing research partnerships: Codes of ethics and researchguidelines, equitable research relationships.Traditional knowledge (TK) in relation to Intellectual PropertyRights and Biopiracy. Equitable Benefit sharing models of theworld. Problems in equitable benefit sharing.16

Suggested ReadingApte, T. 2006. Intellectual Property Rights, Biodiversity andTraditional Knowledge. Kalpavriksh, Grain & IIED, Pune / NewDelhi.BALEE W. L. 2003. Footprints of the Forests. Bishen SinghMahendar Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India.COTTON, C. M. 1997. Ethnobotany – Principles and Applications.John Wiley and Sons Limited. New York, USACSIR. 1940 - 1976. Wealth of India. A Dictionary of Raw Materialsand Industrial Products - Raw Materials. Vol.1-11. CSIR Publication& Information Directorate. New Delhi.CUNNINGHAM, A.B. 1993. Ethics, Ethnobiological Research, andBiodiversity. WWF. International Publication. Switzerland.DAVID, N AND C. KRAMER. 2001. Ethnoarchaeology in Action.Cambridge University Press, New York.Duthfield, G. 2004. Intellectual Property, Biogenetic Resourcesand Traditional Knowledge. Earthscan, London, UK.JAIN, S.K. 1989. Methods and Approaches in Ethnobotany. Societyof Ethnobotanists. Lucknow.JAIN, S.K. 1991. Contributions to Indian Ethnobotany. ScientificPublishers. Jodhpur.JAIN, S.K. 1991. Dictionary of Indian folk medicine and Ethnobotany.Deep Publishers. New Delhi.JAIN, S.K. AND V. MUDGAL. 1999. A Handbook of Ethnobotany.Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra dun.KATE, K. T., S. A. LAIRD. 2000. Commercial Use of Biodiversity.Earthscan, London, UKLAIRD, S.A. 2002. Biodiversity and Traditional knowledgeEquitable partnerships in Practice. Earthscan Publications Ltd.,London.LEWIS, W.H., AND M.P.F.ELVIN LEWIS. 1976. Medical Botany.Plants Affecting Man's Health. A Wiley Interscience Publication.John Wiley and Sons. New York.17

MABBERLEY, D.J. 1993. The Plant - Book. Cambridge UniversityPress. Cambridge.MARTIN, G. 1994. Ethnobiology. Chapman & Hall. London.MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS. 1994.Ethnobiology in India. A Status Report. All India CoordinatedResearch Project on Ethnobiology. Ministry of Environment andForests. New Delhi.PEI SHENGII, SU YONG-GE, LONG CHUN-LIN, M. KEN ANDD.A. POSEY. 1996. The Challenges of Ethnobiology in the 21stCentury. Kunming Institute of Botany. China.RAMAKRISHNAN, P.S., R. BOOJH, K. G. SAXENA et al. 2005.One Sun Two World an Ecological Journey. Oxford & IBH. NewDelhi, India.RASTOGI, R.P., AND B.N. MEHROTRA. 1993. Compendium ofIndian Medicinal Plants. Vol.I & Vol. II. CSIR. Lucknow.Publications and Information Directorate. New Delhi.SCHULTES, R.E., AND S.V. REIS.(Eds.). 1995. Ethnobotany.Evolution of a discipline. Chapman & Hall. London.SIMPSON,B.B., AND M.C. OGORZALY. 1986. Economic Botany.Plants in Our World. McGraw Hill Company. New York.SOFOWORA, A. 1982. Medicinal Pplant and Traditional Medicinein Africa. John Wiley and Sons Limited. New York, USASINGH, K.S. 1998. India’s Communities. Oxford University Press,Delhi. Vols. I –VI.SUBRAMANIAM, S.V., AND V.R. MADHAVAN,(Eds,). 1983.Heritage of the Tamil Siddha Medicine. International Institute ofTamil Studies. Madras.SUDARSHAN, S.R., A.N.Y. REDDY, B. GOWDA. 1993. OshadhiKoshha (Encyclopaedia of India Medicinal Plants). Vol.I.Kalpatharu Research Academy. Bangalore.UNDP. 1994. Conserving Indigenous Knowledge. Integrating TwoSystems of Innovation. Rural Advancement Foundation. Commissionedby UNDP.18

WONG, J.L.G., K. THORNBER AND N. BAKER. 2001. Non-woodforest products. Resource assessment of non-wood forest products.Experience and biometric principles. Food and AgricultureOrganization, (FAO), Rome.Following Journals to be referred:Ancient Science of Life.Journal of Ethnobotany.Phytotherapia.Economic Botany.Conservation Biology.Society and Conservation.Journal of Taxonomic and Economic Botany.Journal of Traditional Medicine.Journal of Intellectual Property Rights.*****Title of theCourse/ PaperCategory of theCourseCORE PAPER-IVPLANTS DIVERSITY- III-TAXONOMY ANDECONOMIC BOTANY OF ANGIOSPERMSI Year-IISemesterCredit 4SubjectCodePLANT DIVERSITY- III-TAXONOMY AND ECONOMIC BOTANYOF ANGIOSPERMSUNIT - ITaxonomy and systematics, objectives of plant systematics,hierarchy, concepts of characters: qualitative, quantitative, analyticaland synthetic. Good and bad charactersSystems of classification – Bentham and Takhtajan.Important criteria usd per classification in each taxon.Evolutionary relationships among taxa.UNIT - IIModern trends in Taxonomy-numerical taxonomy-chemotaxonomy -Biosystematics. Botanical Survey of India-its organization and role.ICBN - Importance and principles of binomial nomenclature - Validand effective publication, Citation, rejection and retention of names,Typification, Limitations to priority –19

UNIT - IIIA detailed study of the following families and their interrelationshipsand phylogeny:1. Menispermaceae2. Portulacaceae3. Capparidaceae4. Meliaceae5. Rhamnaceae6. Vitaceae7. Sapindaceae8. Aizoaceae9. Combretaceae10. Moringaceae11. Nyctaginaceae12. Tiliaceae.UNIT - IV13. Turneraceae14. Oleacea15. Boraginaceae16. Bignoniaceae17. Solanaceae18. Acanthaceae19. Anacardiaceae20. Apiaceae21. Lamiaceae22. Casuarinaceae23. Commelinaceae24. Amaryllidaceae25. Musaceae.UNIT - VEconomic BotanyOrigin, evolution, botany, cultivation and uses of (i) food,(Wheat, rice, Potato, Sugarcane : forage and fodder crops(Sorgham, bajra, Gram), (ii) Fibre crops (Cotton, Jute Sunhemp).20

(iii) Medicinal and aromatic plants ( Atropha belladonna, Rauwolfiaserpentine, Withania somifer, and Phyllanthus amaraus, and(iv) vegetable oil yielding plants ( Groundnut. Soybean,Safflower,mustard)Important fiber – wood and timber yielding plants and non-woodforest products (NWFPs) such as Bambosa rattens, raw materials forpaper making, gums, tannins, dyes, resins and fruits Plants used asavenue trees for shade, pollution control and aestheticsREFERENCE BOOKS1. Lawrence.G.H.M, 1985 – An Introduction to Plant Taxonomy,Central Book Depot, Allahabad.2. Porter.C.L., 1982 – Taxonomy of Flowering Plants, EurasiaPublications House, New Delhi3. Rendle.A.B., 1980 – The Classification of Flowering Plants(Vol. I & II), Vikas Students Education.4. Pandely.B.P., 1987 – Taxonomy of Angiosperms.5. Pandey.B.P. (1987) – Economic Botany.6. Verma. V (1984) – Economic Botany.7. Hill.A.W. (1981) – Economic Botany, McGraw Hill Pub.8. Willis.T.E(1994) – Text Book of Pharmacognosy. Tata McGrawHill Publishers.9. Gokhale.S.B (1992) – Pharmacognosy. S.Chand & Co.10. Ansari.S.H. (1993) – Pharamacognosy S.Chand & Co.21*****Title of the Course/ Paper CORE PAPER-VDEVELOPMENTAL BOTANY-ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY ANDPALYNOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERMSCategory of the Course I Year-II Credit-4 SubjectSemesterCodeDEVELOPMENTAL BOTANY – ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY ANDPALYNOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERMSANATOMYUNIT - IOrganization and theories regarding shoot, root and floral meristems,floral development in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum.

Vascular cambium - origin, development and types. Cambial activity -normal and anomalous. Cork cambium, Periderm, polyderm,rhytidome, lenticels. Anomalous thickening in monocotyledons -Dracaena stem.Xylem-differentiation,xylary elements - Maceration techniquetracheids,vessels,fibre and parenchyma Patterns of secondarywall.Tyloses; reaction wood, heart wood and sap wood. Growth rings.Phloem - primary and secondary elements - ontogeny-differentiation.Structural variations and characteristics of phloem components.UNIT - IISecretory cells and tissues;their structure, classification andsignificance. Types- external and internal secretory structures.Nodal anatomy - uni, tri & multilacunarOntogeny and Histogenesis of bifacial leaf - Hibiscus, uni-facial leaf -Phyllotaxy and Kranz anatomyStomata - development and types. Programmed cell death, agingand senescence.Experimental anatomy - PGR and tissue differentiation. Applied plantanatomy in paper and fibre industry.EMBRYOLOGYUNIT - IIIMicrosporogenesis., Morphology, cytology and physiology of tapetumMicrogametogenesis – microspore, division of generative cell, pollenwall morphogenesis and structural variability. Pollen fertility andsterility, Pollen germination, Pollen storage.Ovule-types, Megasporogenesis - Megagametogenesis, Embryosacdevelopment and types, ultrastructure of egg, synergids andantipodals.UNIT - IVFertilization - Heterospermy, discharge and movement of sperms.Syngamy and triple fusion; post-fertilization changes.Heterofertilization. (double fertilization)Endosperm - types, endosperm haustoria, Embryogeny -Laws ofEmbryogeny - Classification – mono and dicot embryos - variations22

and differences in development, Apomixis. Polyembryony.Embryology in relation to Taxonomy.PALYNOLOGYUNIT - VPalynology – aeropalynology – pollen allergy and palynologicalcalendars.Pollen analysis of honey; pollen loads. Paleopalynology – role incoal and oil genesis. Recent advances in palynological studies.REFERENCE BOOKSBhojwani. S. S. and Bhatnagar. S. P. 1981Angiosperms. Vikas Pub. Co. Ltd23Embryology ofCronquist. A. .1968The evolution and Classification of FloweringPlants.Davies . P. H. and Heywood. V. H. 1967Principles of Angiospermtaxonomy. Oliver and Byod. Edinborugh.Davies. G. L Systemic Embryology of Angiosperms,Dixon. A. 1985. Plant Cell Culture- A practical Approach IRL press.Oxford.Ertman.G. 1954. An Introduction to Pollen Analysis. CronicaBotanica.Hutchinson. J. 1973. The Families of Flowering Plants. Oxford Uni.Press.Johri. B. M. 1984. Embryology of Angiosperms. Springer Verlaug.Lawrence. G. H. Introduction to Vascular Plants. Oxford. IBH.Delhi.Maheswari.P. Embryology of Angiosperms. Oxford. IBH. DelhiNair. P. K. K. Essential of Palynology.Narayanaswamy. S. 1994. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture. TataMcGraw Hill Ltd. New Delhi.Reinert. J. Bajaj. T. P. S. Applied and Fundamental Aspeests of Plantcell, tissue and organ Culture. Springer – Verlaug.Sivarajan. S. 1989. Introduction to Principles of Taxonomy. Oxford.IBH New Delhi.Carlquist.S. 1961. Comparative Plant Anatomy. Holt Richart.Cutter. E. G. Plant Anatomy- Experimental and InterpretationEasu. K. 1987. Anatomy of Seedling Plants. Wiley Pub.Fahn. A. 1989. Plant Anatomy. Mac MillonGray. P. 1964. Hand Book of Plant Microtechnique.

Jenson. W. A. 1962. Botanical Histochemistry. The Benjamin/Cunnings*****Title of theCourse/ PaperCategory of theCourseCORE PAPER-VIENVIRONMENTAL BOTANY –PHYTOGEOGRAPHY AND REMOTESENSINGYear/ Credit-4 Subject CodeSemesterI Year-IISemesterENVIRONMENTAL BOTANY, PHYTOGEOGRPAHY AND REMOTESENSINGUNIT – IEcological Principles:Physical environment / Abiotic environment, biotic environments;Their interations concept of habitat & niche. Diversity of plant life;growth form, life form.UNIT – IIPopulation EcologyPopulation characteristics; Population growth curves; Demography,structure, mortality, natality, age and distribution. Levels of speciesdiversity and its measurements; edges and ecotones.UNIT - IIIEcosystem EcologyStructure, function, energy flow, numerical cycling (HzO, C, N, P).Terrestrial ecosystem & aquatic ecosystem. Environmentalpollution, effects & control measures.UNIT - IVConservation EcologyPrinciples of conservation; Sources; and their management strategywith suitable examples (Biosphere reserves etc.) DisasterManagement. Global Environmental change Biodiversity: Status,monitoring and documentation. Endangered plants of India. IUCNcategory of endangered species.24

UNIT - VBiogeography:Major Biomes of the world ; bio-geographical times of India;continental drift; distribution of plants; principles of Remote sensingand its applications. Methods of estimating population density ofplants through remote observations.REFERENCE BOOKS1) Ambasht, R.S. 1990. A text book of plant ecology.2) Shukla, R.S. and F.S. Chandel. 1996, Plant ecology and soilscience.3) Dash. 1995. Fundamentals of Plant ecology.4) Cain, S.S. 1988. Fundamental of plant geography.5) Odum, E.P. 1978. Fundamentals of ecology.6) Odum, E.P. 1978. Basic principles of ecology.7) Agarwal, U.P. 1988. Forests in India.8) Misra, R. 1968. Ecology work book.9) Ambasht, R.S. 1990. Environment *Pollution.10) Krishnan Kannan. 1990. Fundamentals of Environmentalpollution.11) Matghur, V.P. 1968. Forest Management.12) Nayar, M.P. and Aastri, A.R.K. 1987. Red data book ofIndian plants.13) Jain Mehra. 1983. Conservation of Tropical resources.14) Ronald Good. 1974. The geography of flowering plants.15) Velentin. 1978. Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Evolution.16) Polunin, N. 1992 Principles of Plant Geography.17) Chacho, 1985. Sampling techniques.18) Champion, H.G. and Griffith. 1967. General Silviculture.19) Troupe. 1975. Silviculture of Indian trees.20) Kormandy. E.J. 1984. Concept of Ecology. Prentice NewDelhi.Title of theCourse/ PaperCategory of theCourse*****CORE PAPER-VIIPRACTICAL- II (COVERING THEORYPAPER IV, V and VI)Year/ Credit- 4 Subject CodeSemesterI YearII SemesterImparts Advance level training in above subjects.TAXONOMY AND ECONOMIC BOTANY OF ANGIOSPERMS25

Description of a species, based on herbarium and live specimens ofthe families mentioned in the theory.Solving nomenclature problemsField visits for at least 2-3 days to collect specimens on the spot inTamil Nadu. Submission of not less than 20 herbarium sheetsrepresenting the families studiedENVIRONMENTAL BOTANY AND REMOTE SENSING1. Determination of air temperature at different altitudes(Ground Level 50, 100 and 150m).2. Determination of air temperature at 2 hourly interval startingfrom 6 am to 6p.rn.3. Determination of the minimum size of quadrat by speciesarea curve (for grazing land, forest) field study for at least 3days.4. Determination of the quantitative characters of a plantcommunity by random quadrat method(abundance, density,dominance, species diversity, frequency) in grazing land,forests.5. Determination of the quantitative characters by belt transectmethod6. Evaluation of life form classes of the local flora andpreparation of biological spectrum of land.7. Estimation of above ground and below ground biomass in agrazing land employing minimum size of quadrat.8. Determination of soil moisture content by oven dryingmethod.9. Determination of water holding capacity.10. Determination of pH of soil and water by universalindicator(or) pH meter.11. Mapping of World vegetation12. Mapping of Indian vegetation.13. InstrumentsStudying remote sensing through satellite pictures and visit toremote sensing laboratory (at Anna University, Meteorological Centreat Numgambakkam)26

ANATOMYLaboratory work on the basis of topics listed under angiospermanatomy theory.Micrometry in anatomical studies-ocular, stage and camera lucidatypes.Techniques in making temporary and permanent microscopicpreparations - free hand, peelings, clearing, maceration and woodsection.Submission of not less than 5 permanent slides.EMBRYOLOGY AND PALYNOLOGYPreparation of dissected whole mounts of embryo. Study of pollen(Acetolysis/and nonactolysis) Collection and Identification of localaerospora. Study from permanent preparation: - Development andstructure of anther, Pollen, Ovule, megasporogenesis, embryosac,endosperm and embryo.Bonafide record of practical work done should be submitted for thepractical examination.Title of the Course/PaperCategory of theCoursePrerequisitesObjectives of theCourse*****ELECTIVE – III 1. BIOINFORMATICSYear/SemesterI YearII SemesterCredit-3SubjectCodeBasic Fundamental Knowledge on subjectsImparts Advance level knowledge in abovesubjectsBIOINFORMATICSUNIT - IIntroduction to Bioinformatics – Definitions Proteomics, genomics, Need, Development and Potential of bioinformatics, Basic oninternet- Biological Data bases Sequence Data Banks – proteinsequence data bank. SWISSPROT, Nucleic acid sequence databank – GenBank, EMBL nucleotide sequence data bank,– proteinData Bank (PDB), Genome data bank .27

UNIT - IIPredicting functional domains of gene, Predicting secondary structureof RNA Predicting molecular structure and functional domains ofproteins,UNIT – IIIBioinformatics in Taxonomy and Biodiversity – Taxonomic data basedesign and, - Cladistic analysis using models - Molecular phylogeny.UNIT - IVMicroarray- Protein array, RNA arrays, DNA microarrays-Applications. Human genome project and medically relevant genes,Drug targeting.UNIT - VTechniques in Bioinformatics- FASTA, BLAST, Multiple SequenceAnalysis- Open Reading FrameREFERENCE BOOKSAndrewsR. Leach. Molecular Modeling: Principles and Applications.Ignacimuthu, S. Plant Biotechnology, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.Leonard , Banaszak. Foundation of Structural BiologyRastogi, S. C1993, Mandiratta,Namita, Rastogi, Parag..Bioinformatics-Concepts, Skill ApplicationsShanmugavel. P. Principles of Bioinformatics Pointer PublicationJaipur*****Title of the Course/PaperCategory of theCoursePrerequisitesObjectives of theCourseELECTIVE – III2.BIONANOTECHNOLOGYYear/ Credit-3 Subject CodeSemesterI Year -II SemesterBasic Fundamental Knowledge on subjectsImparts Advance level knowledge in abovesubjects28

ELECTIVE: BIONANOTECHNOLOGYPURPOSEEnabling the Botany Students to learn the basic of Nanotechnology.INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVESThe objective of this course is to make students familiar with theimportant concepts in Nanotechnology.UNIT – I IntroductionIntroduction to Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology-Definition,Difference between Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Bottom upand top down approaches, Applications and challenges inNanotechnology.UNIT – II Nano materials, Synthesis and processing ofnano materialsNanomaterials-Definition, Classification of Nanostructured materials,causes of interest in nanomaterials, Processes for producing ultrafinepowders-mechanical grinding, wet chemical synthesis ofnanomaterials. Gas phase synthesis of nano materials, gascondensation processes, chemical vapour condensation, laserablation.UNIT - III Special nanomaterials, characterization toolsCarbon nanotubes, nano composites, nano fluids - An overviewover preparation, properties, applications. Electron MicroscopyTechniques: Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission ElectronMicroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, X ray methods.UNIT – IV ApplicationsSolar energy conversion and catalysis, Molecular electronics andprinted electronics Nanoelectronics, Polymers with a specialarchitecture, Liquid crystalline systems, Linear and nonlinear opticaland electro optical properties, Applications in displays and otherdevices, Advanced organic materials for data storage, Chemical andbiosensors, Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology.UNIT – V Society and NanoIntroduction, Implications of nanoscience and nanotechnology onsociety, Issues- an outlook, Nano policies and institutions, public29

perception and public involvement in the nano discourse, harnessingnanotechnology for economic and social development.REFERENCE BOOKS1. A.Nabok, “Organic and Inorganic Nanostructures”, ArtechHouse, 2005.2. C.Dupas, P.Houdy, M.Lahmani, Nanoscience:“Nanotechnologies and Nanophysics”, Springer-Verlag BerlinHeidelberg, 2007.3. Hari Singh Nalwa, “Nanostructured Materials andNanotechnology”, Academic Press, 2002.4. Pradeep, T. Nano: The Essentials. McGraw-Hill Education. 2007.*****Title of the Course/PaperCategory of theCoursePrerequisitesObjectives of theCourseEXTRA DISCIPLINARY- I - HERBALDRUG BIOTECHNOLOGYYear/ Credit-3 Subject CodeSemesterI Year -II SemesterBasic Fundamental Knowledge on subjectsImparts Advance level knowledge in abovesubjectsHERBAL DRUG BIOTECHNOLOGYUNIT - ICrude Drugs – Scope & Importance, Classification (Taxonomical,Morphological Chemical, Pharmacological); Cultivation, Collection &processing of Crude Drugs. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants-Cultivationand Utilization of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants in India.UNIT - IIRole of Plant tissue culture in enhancing secondary metabolites –Elicitation – Biotransformation, Hairy root culture. Factors affectingSecondary metabolites production.UNIT - IIITissue Culture of medicinal Plants Plant Tissue Culture as source ofmedicines, Plant Tissue Culture for enhancing secondary metaboliteproduction (Withania somnifera, Rauwolfia serpentina, Catheranthusroseus, Andrographis paniculata, Dioscorea sp.); Anticancer drugs,Biogenesis of Phytopharmaceuticals.30

UNIT - IVAnalysis of PhytochemicalsMethods of Drug evaluation (Morphological, Microscopic, Physical &Chemical). Preliminary screening, Assay of Drugs – Biologicalevaluation / assays, Microbiological methods- Chemical Methods ofAnalysis and Detection of Adulterants: Chemical estimations,Spectrophotometry & Fluorescene analysis. Drug adulteration –Types of adulterants.UNIT - VTypes of PhytochemicalsCarbohydrates & derived products; Glycosides - extraction methods(Digitalis, Aloe, Dioscorea,); Tannins (Hydrolysable & Condensedtypes); Volatile Oils - extraction methods (Clove, Mentha);UNIT - VIITypes of Phytochemicals_II -Alkaloids - extraction methods(Taxus, Papaver, Cinchona); Flavonoids- extraction methods,Resins- extraction methods.-: Applications of PhytochemicalsApplication of phytochemicals in industry and healthcare; Biocides,Biofungicides, Biopesticides.REFERENCE BOOKS1. Pharmacognosy, C. K. Kokate, A. P. Purohit & S. B. Gokhale(1996), Nirali Prakashan, 4th Ed.2. Natural Products in medicine: A Biosynthetic approach (1997),Wiley.3. Hornok,L. (ed.) (1992). Cultivation & Processing of MedicinalPlants, Chichister, U. K: J. Wiley & Sons.4. Trease & Evans, Pharmacognosy – William Charles Evans,14th ed. (1989), Harcourt Brace & Company.*****II YEARTitle of the Course/PaperCategory of theCourseCORE PAPER- VIIICELL BIOLOGY & GENETICS,Year/ Credit- 4 SubjectSemesterCodeII YearIII Semester31

PrerequisitesObjectives of theCourseBasic Fundamental Knowledge on subjectsImparts Advance level knowledge in abovesubjectsCELL BIOLOGY and GENETICSUNIT - IMembrane structure and function Structure of model membrane, lipidbilayer and membrane protein diffusion, osmosis, ion channels,active transport, membrane pumps, mechanism of sorting andregulation of intracellular transport, electrical properties ofmembranes).Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles cellwall, nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, endoplasmicreticulum, peroxisomes, plastids, vacuoles, and chloroplast, Structure& function of cytoskeleton and its role in motility.UNIT - IICell division and cell cycleMitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in cell cycle, regulationand control of cell cycle.Genetic rearrangements in progenitor cells, oncogenes, tumorsuppressor genes, cancer and the cell cycle, virus-induced cancer,metastasis, interation of cancer cells with normal cells, apoptosis,therapeutic interventions of uncontrolled cell growth.Chromosomes - morphology, fine structure - telomere-types: lampbrush, polytene, isochromosomes - heterochromatin andeuchromatin, chromosome identification - banding techniques.UNIT - IIICell signaling :Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signalingthrough G- Protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways,second messengers, regulation of signaling pathways, bacterial andplant two-component systems, light signaling in plants, bacterialchemotaxis and quorum sensing.Microbial Genetics:Methods of Genetic transfers-transformation, conjugation,transduction and sex-duction, mapping genes by interrupted mating,fine structure analysis of genes.32

UNIT – IVMendelian principles : Dominance, segregation, independentassortment.Concept of Gene : Allele, multiple alleles, pseudoallele Extensions ofMendelian principles : Co-dominance, incomplete dominance, geneinterections, pleiotropy, genomic imprinting.Linkage and crossing over, sex linkage and sex influencedcharacters.gene mapping methods: Linkage maps, tetrad analysis mapping withmolecular markers, mapping by using somatic cell hybrids,development of mapping population in plants.UNIT – VExtra chromosomal inheritance: Inheritance of mitochondrial andchloroplast genes, maternal inheritance.Human genetics: Pedigree analysis, lod score for linkage testing,Karyotypes, genetic disorders.Quantitative genetics: Polygenic inheritance, heritability and itsmeasurements, QTL mapping.Mutation: Types, causes and detection, mutant types- lethal,biochemical loss of function, gain of function.Structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes: Deletion,duplication, inversion, translocation, ploidy and their geneticimplications.Recombination: Homologous and non-homologous recombinationincluding transposition.REFERENCE BOOKS1. Brown and Berke: Text Book of Cytology, Blackstains Sons & Co.2. Brachet and Mirsky (ed.): The Cell, Academic Press, Vols. 16.3. Darlington, C.D. : Recent Advances in Cytology, Blarkstains Sons& Co.4. Lewin, B. 2000. Genes VII, Oxford University Press, USA.5. DeRobertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. 2001. Cell andMolecular Biology, Lippineott Williams & Wilkins, Bombay.6. Sharma, A.K. and Sharma, A. 1980. Chromosome Techniques.Theory and Practice, Butterworth.7. Stebbins, J.L. Chromosomal Evolution in Higher Plants, EdwardArnold Publ., London.33

8. Roy, S.C. and Kumar, K.D.C. 1977. Cell Biology, New CentralBook Agency, Calcutta.9. Wolfe, S.L. 1993. Molecular and Cellular Biology, WordsworthPubl. Co., California, USA..10. Singleton, W.R. 1963. Elementary Genetics.11. Gardner, E.J. 1972. Principles of Genetics.12. Levin B. 2000. Genes VIII13. Stansfield, W.D. 1969. Theory and problems of Genetics.14. Stick Berger, M. W. 1976. Genetics.15. Sinnott, E.W. Dunn, L.E. and Dobzhansky, T. 1973. Principles ofGenetics.16. Hays, K.K. Immer, F.R. and Smith D.C. 1985. Methods of PlantBreeding.17. Chaudhari, H.K.1984. Elementary Principles of Plant Breeding.18. Kenneth, J and Frey. 1980. Plant Breeding.19. Gustafson, J.P. 1984. Gene manipulation In Plant Breeding andEvolution.20. Ahluwaalia, K. B. 1996. Genetics.21. Genetics, Winter,P.C., Hickey,G.I. and Fletcher, H.L., Viva Books2002.22. Klug, Concepts of Genetics, Pearson Education23. Genes VII, Benjamin Lewin, OUP24. Genetics a Molecular Approach, 2nd Ed. Brown, T.A., Chapmanand Hall, 199225. Burnham, C.R. 1962. Discussions in Cytogenetics, BurgessPublishing Comp. Minnesota.26. Khush,G.S. 1973. Cytogenetics of aneuploids, AcademicPress, New York.27. Sybenga, J. 1975. Meiotic configurations. Springer Verlag,Berlin Heidel Berg.28. Lewin, B. 2004. Gene VIII, Prentice Hall.29. Russel, P.J. 1998. Genetics (5th edition), The Benjamin /Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., USA.30. Strickberger, Genetics, Prentice Hall. Russel, P.J. 1998.Genetics. The Benjamin/Cunnings Publishing Co., Inc., USA.31. Khush, G.S. 1973. Cytogenetics of Aneuploids, AcademicPress, London.34

32. Chahal, G.S. and Gosal, S.S. Principles and Procedures ofPlant Breeding Biotechnological and ConventionalApproaches, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.33. Darbeshwar Roy, 2000. Plant Breeding: Analysis andExploitation of variation, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.34. Singh, P. 2001. Essentials of Plant Breeding, KalyaniPublishers, Hyderabad.*****Title of the Course/PaperCategory of theCoursePrerequisitesObjectives of theCourseCORE PAPER-IXPLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGYYear/ Credit-4 Subject CodeSemesterII Year -III SemesterBasic Fundamental Knowledge on subjectsImparts Advance level knowledge in abovesubjectsUNIT - IPLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGYNucleic acids - Base pairing and variations in base composition.Types of DNA. Chargaff's rule - DNA size - fragility - melting curves -hydrophobic interactions denaturation - renaturation - circular andsuperhelical DNA - topoisomerase - special base Repeatedsequence - Single stranded DNA - DNA methylation, structure ofRNA. Inhibitors of nucleic acid biosynthesis- DNA synthesis andsequencingUNIT - IIDNA replication - basic rule of replication – DNA replication inprokaryotes enzymology DNA topoisomerase - DNA polymerase -ligase, helicase Termination of DNA replication - Replication ofeukaryotic chromosomes- Eukaryotic DNA polymerase- DNA repairmechanism- DNA methylation- DNA gyrase.UNIT - IIITranscription - Enzymology - RNA polymerase - classes of RNAmolecules - transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - splicingmechanisms - Reverse transcriptions. Inhibitors of nucleic acidbiosynthesis35

UNIT - IVProtein synthesis and processing : (Ribosome, formation of initiationcomplex, initiation factors and their regulation, elongation andelongation factors, termination, genetic code, aminoacylation oftRNA, tRNA – identity, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, and translationlproof-reading, translational inhibitors, Post-translational modificationof proteins). Genetic code – characters – codans and anticodens –wobble hypothesis.UNIT - VGene regulation - Operon concept - Lac repressor-c-AMP, Catabolicrepression -, ara - operon and trp operons - Gene expression ineukaroytes- gal gene expression in Yeast. Role of chromatin ingene expression and gene silencing.REFERENCE BOOKS :1. Alberts, B., Bray, D., Lewis, J. Raff, M., Roberts, K. and Watson,J.D. 1989. Molecular Biology of the cell, Garland Publishing Inc.,New York.2. Lodish, H., Berk, A., Zipursky, S.L., Matsudaira, P., Baltimore,D. and Darnell, J. 2000. Molecular Cell Biology, W.H. Freemanand Co., New York, USA.3. Richard, M., Twyman and Wisden, W. 1999. Advanced MolecularBiology, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.4. Turner, P.C., Mclenann,A.G., Bates, A.D. and White, M.R.H. 2001.Instant notes on molecular biology.5. Snustad Peter, D. Michael J. Simmons. Principles of Genetics,John Wiley Sons.6. Robert H. Tamarin. Principles of Genetics, Tata McGraw HillCompany.7. Benjamin Lewin . Genes VIII, Prentice Hall.8. Westhead, D.R. J.H. Parish & R.M. Twyman. Bioinformatics,VivaBooks.*****36

Title of the Course/PaperCategory of theCoursePrerequisitesObjectives of theCourseCORE PAPER - XAPPLIED PLANT CELL AND TISSUECULTUREYear/ Credit-3 Subject CodeSemesterII Year -III SemesterBasic Fundamental Knowledge on subjectsImparts Advance level knowledge in abovesubjectsAPPLIED PLANT CELL AND TISSUE CULTUREUNIT - ILaboratory Organisation – Design of different laboratories andmanagement. Methodologies – Aseptic techniques – methods ofsterilization – basic procedure for Aseptic transfer – Incubation ofculture – Composition of Culture Media – MS Medium – B5Medium.UNIT - IIGeneral Techniques of – Micropropagation, Initiation of Culture,Multiplication, Rooting – Hardening. Callus Culture –establishment – Organisation – Embryogenesis. Somaclonal &Gametoclonal variation, - Uses in crop improvement. SyntheticSeeds – Practical applications.UNIT – IIIShoot TIP / Meristem Culture for Virus free plants. – Chemotherapy– Thermotherapy – Virus indexing – Initiation – multiplication –Rooting – Hardening – Anther culture – Production of Haploids –Utilization of Haploids in Agriculture. Protoplast Culture –Protoplastisolation, purification, viability test – culture –regeneration. Somatic Hybridization – Protoplast fusion techniques– Chemical fusion – Electrofusion selection of fusion products.UNIT IVApproaches and factors affecting the production of secondarymetabolites, production of pharmaceutically important drugs –alkaloids – food additives and insecticides in invitro system.37

UNIT - VCryopreservation & Germplasm storage, Bioreactor – Types ofbioreactors – Stirred tank, air lift – its uses in various fields –Application of Tissue Culture – Techniques in Agriculture,Horticulture & Forestry.REFERENCE BOOKS :Trigiano, R.N., and D.J. Gray (eds.). 2000. Plant tissue cultureconcepts and laboratory exercises. CRC Press. (Textbook).2nd Edition. Kyte, M., and Kleyn, J. 1996. Plant from test tubes.Timber Press. Auge, R. et al., 1995. In vitro culture and itsapplications in horticulture. Science Publishers, Inc.Crispeels, M.J. and D. E. Sadava. 2003. Plants, genes andagriculture. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Gamborg, O.L. and G. C. Phillips (eds). 1995. Plant cell, tissue andorgan culture. Springer Lab Manual.Potrykus, I, and G. Spangenberg (eds.). 1995. Gene transfer toplants. Springer Lab Manual.Jones, H. 1996. Plant gene transfer and expression protocols.Methods in molecular biology . 49. Humana Press.Bhojwani, S.S. and Razdan, M.K. 1996. Plant Tissue Culture: Theoryand Practice (arevised edition). Elsevier Science Publishers, NewYork, USA.Bojwani, S.S. 1990. Plant Tissue Culture: Applications andLimitations, Elsevier Science Publisher, New York, USA.Collins, H.A. and Edwards, S. 1998. Plant Cell Culture, Bios ScientificPublishers, Oxford, UK.Hall, R.D. (Ed.) 1999. Plant Tissue Culture: Techniques andExperiments, Academic Press, New York.Kartha, K.K. 1985. Cyropreservation of plant cells and organs. CRCPress, Boca Raton, Florida.Khasim, S.M. 2002. Botanical Microtechnique: Principles andPractice, Capital Publishing Company, New Delhi.Vasil, I.K. and Thorpe, T.A. 1994. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture,Kluwer Academic Press, The Netherlands.*****38

Title of the Course/PaperCategory of theCoursePrerequisitesObjectives of theCourseCORE PAPER-XIPRACTICAL - III (COVERING THEORYPAPERS VII, IX & X)Year/ Credit- 4 Subject CodeSemesterII Year -III SemesterBasic Fundamental Knowledge on subjectsImparts Advance level training in abovesubjectsCELL BIOLOGY1. Study of dividing cells – squash2. Calculate the mitotic index of onion root tip cells3. Smear techniques4. Study of induced aberrations in onion root tips employingchemicals and plant extracts.5. Calculation of aberration percentage of chemical treatedonion root tip cells6. Induction of polyploidy using colchicines7. Study of sub cellular organelles from electron micrographs8. Nuclear stains9. Pre fixatives10. Demonstration of Salivary gland chromosomesGENETICS11. Genetics problem based on the theory12. Chromosome mapping14. Calculation of variation pattern in fruits/leaves/ seeds -standard deviation standard error – Based on the data given.15. Chi square test16. Students “t” TestPLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY17. Isolation of Genomic DNA18. Isolation of RNA19. Electrophoresis of nucleic acids (know protocols)20. Preparation of competent E.Coil cells21. Isolation of plasmid DNA22. Restriction analysis of DNA23. Southern blotting24. RFLP techniques26. PCR techniques39

Cot curve, DNA melting curve, tertiary structure of protein, tRNA,reco\1nition site for HIND III, EGO RI, Bam H1, Puc Plasmid, PCRflow chart, SDS, Southern blotting, X-ray diffraction protein DNA,Ethidium bromide, Lac Operon. Simple problems based on the theorysyllabus.APPLIED PLANT CELL AND TISSUE CULTURE27. Tissue culture laboratory design28. Sterilization29. Inoculation of explant30. Media preparation31. Callus Culture32. Organ Culture33. Plant regeneration- Anther culture-34. Synthetic Seed Preparation.Bonafide record of practical work done should be submitted for thepractical examination.*****Title of the ELECTIVE – IV – BiostatisticsCourse/ PaperCategory of theCourseYear/SemesterII Year -III Semester40Credit-3BIOSTATISTICSPREREQUISITESBasic Fundamental knowledge on subjectsOBJECT OF THE COURSEImparts Advance level training in above subjects.BIOSTATISTICSUNIT - ISubject CodeData Collection – Primary and Secondary – Classification andtabulation of Data – Diagrams and graphs and presentation.UNIT - IIAnalysis of quantitative characters on the basis of mean, standarddeviation and standard error. Sampling distribution; Differencebetween parametric and non-parametric statistics.

UNIT - IIIProbability; basic principles – types – Rules of probability - additionand multiplication rules.Patterns of probability distribution; binomial – Poisson and normal –Tests of significance; Chi – square test for goodness of Fit; Nullhypothesis, level of Significance – Degrees of Freedom.UNIT - IVStudent’s – distribution; “t” test – Estimation of population parametersbased on small sample statistics – Comparison of sample mean withpopulation mean – comparison means of two small sample of equaland unequal sizes. – Correlation – types of correlation – methods ofstudy of correlation – testing the significance of the coefficients ofcorrelation – Regression.UNIT – VComputer application in Biology – Computer memory and storagedevices – Operating systems and application programmes – MS –excel and statistical functions – ANOVA. Basic introduction toMuetrovariate Statistics.REFERENCE / BOOKS1. Gurumani, N. (2005) Biostatistics, 2 nd edn. MJP publications,India.2. Milton, J.s. (1992) Statistical method in Biological and HealthSciences. McGraw Hill Inc., New York.3. Schefler, W.C. (1968) Statistics for biological sciences,Addision- Wesely Publication Co., London.4. Snedecor, G.W and Cocham, W.G. (1967) StatisticalMethods. Oxford & IBH Publication co., New Delhi.5. Spiegel, M.R. (1981) Theory and Problems of statistics,Schaum’s Outline series McGraw-Hill International Book Co.,Singapore.6. Pillai, R.S.N. and Bagawathi, V. (1989), Statistics. Theoryand practice (For B.Com. and B.A. (Eco) classes) S.Chand &Co. Ltd. New Delhi.7. Stansfield, W.D. (1986) Theory and problems of genetics(including 600 problems). Schaum’s outline series.McGraw Hill Book Co. New York.41

8. Sobl. R.R. and Rohif, F.J. (1969) Biometry. The principlesand Practice and Statistics in Biological Research.W.H. Freman and Co., San Francisco.9. Pillai, R.S.N. and Bagawathi, V. (1987) Practical Statistics(For B.Com. and B.A., Students) S.Chand & Co. (Pvt.) Ltd.,New York.10. Mahajan, B.K. (1984). Methods in Biostatistics for Medicalstudents and Research works. Smt. Indu Mahajan, NewDelhi.*****Title of theCourse/ PaperCategory ofthe CourseELECTIVE- IV WOOD TECHNOLOGYYear/SemesterII Year -III SemesterCredit-3Subject CodeELECTIVE II: WOOD TECHNOLOGYUNIT – IFactors affecting cambial activity- wood formation –role of hormones,water , internal and external factors - Growth rings- Heart wood andsap wood, juvenile and reaction wood.- Vessels- length, shape,lateral wall pittings, perforations, intervessel pits,tyloses Tracheids,size and wall characteristics- rays-classification and typesUNIT - IIDensity and specific gravity of the wood – significance- Calculation ofmoisture content and and specific heat of wood- Principles of woodpreservation- Preservatives- Process of preservation( pressure andnon pressure methods)- Seasoning of wood.UNIT - IIIMechanical properties of wood-tensile strength-compressionstrength-shearing strength-bending strength-stiffness-shock resistingcapacity-hardness. Factors affecting mechanical properties of wood.UNIT - IVChemical properties of wood- Cellulose-hemicellulose-,lignin, mineralmatter- essential oil, tannins,UNIT - VWood products- Timber, rail road ties, venees plywood- furniture,wood fuel- lead pencils- matches, tooth picks- paper pulp-filamentsand yarn cellulose- gums, resins, turpentine- resins barks, tanninsand dyes.42

REFERENCES1. Bailey, I. W.1954 Contribution to plant Anatomy. ChronicaBotanica Waltham Mass.2. Brown, H. P Text Book of Wood Technology Vol –I McGrawHill Book Co. New York.3. Gamble, J. S. Manual of Indian Timbers London.4. Pearson, R. S. Commercial Timbers of India Govt of IndiaPublications.5. Metcalfe, C. R. 1962. Anatomy of Dicotyledons Vol-2Claredon Press London.Title of theCourse/ PaperCategory of theCoursePrerequisitesObjectives ofthe Course*****EXTRA DISCIPLINARY - IIPLANT BIOTECHNOLOGYYear/ Credit - 3 Subject CodeSemesterII YearIII SemesterBasic Fundamental Knowledge on subjectsImparts Advance level knowledge in abovesubjectsPLANT BIOTECHNOLOGYUNIT - IRecombinant DNA technology – Tools of recombinant DNA:restriction endonucleases and other enzymes; vectors; plasmid,bacteriophage and other viral vectors, cosmids, Ti plasmid, BACand YAC yeast artificial chromosome - choice of vectors-genecloning principles and techniques- construction of genomics/cDNA libraries.UNIT - IIPCR, PAGE, Southern and Northern blotting RFLP, RAPD, AFLPbased DNA finger printing.Novel introduction and expression. - antisense and sense genesuppression-biosynthetic pathways to produce/accumulatealternative products.43

UNIT - IIIMethods of crop improvements- gene transfer - indirect method-Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer gene transfer- Direct DNAgene transfer technology- liposome mediated gene transferbiolisticgun( Shot gun method)- Electroporation- silicon carbidemethod –microinjection.UNIT - IVBiotechnology and transgenics- Herbicide resistance- resistanceagainst glyphosate and Basta- Resistance against pests andinsects- Bacillus thuringiensis – Bt genes endotoxins -resistance against pathogens.UNIT - VTransgenic plants as bioreactors, Transgenic plants as vaccineproduction systems, Transgenics for Phytoremediation ofcontaminated soils, Regulation and release of Geneticallymodified organism in India- Recombinant DNA guidelines, 1990-Guidelines for research in transgenic crops, 1998 – Regulation ofGM food – Status of development of GM food in India .REFERNCE BOOKSTrigiano, R.N., and D.J. Gray (eds.). 2000. Plant tissue cultureconcepts and laboratory exercises. CRC Press. (Textbook).2nd Edition.Kyte, M., and Kleyn, J. 1996. Plant from test tubes. TimberPress. Auge, R. et al., 1995. In vitro culture and its applications inhorticulture. Science Publishers, Inc.Crispeels, M.J. and D. E. Sadava. 2003. Plants, genes andagriculture. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Gamborg, O.L. and G. C. Phillips (eds). 1995. Plant cell, tissueand organ culture. Springer Lab Manual.Potrykus, I, and G. Spangenberg (eds.). 1995. Gene transfer toplants. Springer Lab Manual.Jones, H. 1996. Plant gene transfer and expression protocols.Methods in molecular biology . 49. Humana Press.Kreuzer, H, and A. Massey. 1996. Recombinant DNA andbiotechnology. A guide for teachers. ASM Press.*****44

FOURTH SEMESTERTitle of the Course/PaperCategory of theCoursePrerequisitesObjectives of theCourseCORE PAPER-XIIPLANT BIOCHEMISTRY ANDBIOPHYSICSYear/Credit-4SemesterII Year -IV SemesterSubjectCodeBasic Fundamental Knowledge on subjectsImparts Advance level knowledge in abovesubjectsPLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICSUNIT - IAtomic structure; chemical bonds - Ionic bond, covalent bond, coordinationbond, hydrogen bond; Radioactivity; Hydrogen ionconcentration (pH), buffers.Biomolecules: Carbohydrates - properties of mono, oligo andpolysaccharides. Structure and functions of trioses, tetroses,pentoses, hexoses, maltose, sucrose, starch and pectin-glycosidiclinkage, deoxy sugars, glycoproteins, aminosugars, isomerism andmutarotation.UNIT - IIBiomolecules: Amino acids and proteins, ionic forms of amino acids -zwitterion, isoelectric pH, optical isomers of amino acids, physicalproperties of amino acids. Formation of peptide bond - peptides –structure of polypeptides primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternaryproteinstructure. Ramachandran plot - denaturation of proteins.Protein purification - types of chromatography. Electrophoresis ofproteins (native and SDS-PAGE) and protein sequencing.UNIT - IIIBiomolecules: Lipids - structure of fatty acids and glycerol -phospholipids, glycolipids, steroids. – Biosynthesis and Oxidation offatty acid - Glyoxalate pathway – Gluconeogenesis.45

UNIT - IVBioenergetics - Laws of thermodynamics - enthalpy, entropy and freeenergy. Exergonic and endergonic reactions. Redox potential.Structure and hydrolysis of ATP, high energy compounds-UNIT - VEnzymes- Properties- apoenzyme, Cofactors, metallic activatorscoenzymes.Nomenclature and Classification- Enzyme kinetics –Concept of active sites Michaelis-Menton equation - enzymeinhibition - enzyme regulation.General principles of extraction and purification of enzymes.Multienzyme complex – Enzyme immobilization. Application ofenzymes in industry and medicine.REFERENCE BOOKS :1. Principles of Biochemistry by A.L.Lehninger, D.L.Nelson& M.M.Cox. (1993) Worth Publishers, New York.2. Biochemistry by L.Stryer (1994) Freeman & Co,New York.3. Biochemistry by G. Zubay (1988) Macmillan PublishingCo, New York.4. The vital force: A study of Bioenergetics by F.M.Harold(1986) Freeman & Co, New York.*****Title of the Course/PaperCategory of theCoursePrerequisitesObjectives of theCourseCORE PAPER - XIIIPLANT PHYSIOLOGYYear/Credit-4 SubjectSemesterCodeII Year -IV SemesterBasic Fundamental Knowledge onsubjectsImparts Advance level knowledge inabove subjectsPLANT PHYSIOLOGYUNIT - ISolute transport and photossimilate translocation – uptake, transportand translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules fromsoil, through cells, across membranes, through xylem and phloem;46

transpiration; mechanisms of loading and unloading ofphotoassimilates.UNIT - IIPhotosynthesis – Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms ofelectron transport; photoprotective mechanisms; CO2 fization – C3,C4 and CAM pathways.Respiration and photorespiration - Citric acid cycle; plantmitochondrial electron transport and ATP synthesis; alternateoxidase; photorespiratory pathway.UNIT - IIINitrogen metabolism – Niorant and ammonium assimilation; aminoacid biosynthesis.Secondary metabolites – Biosynthesis of terpenes, phenols andnitrogenous compounds and their roles.UNIT - IVPlant hormones – Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown and transport;physiological effects and mechanisms of action of anxims,gibberallins, cytokimns and abscissic acid.Sensory photobiology – structure, function and mechanisms of actionof phytochromes, cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatalmovement; photoperiodism and biological clocks.UNIT - VStress physiology – Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen andinsects) and abiotic (water, temperature and salt) stresses.Movement – nastic and tropic movements. Seed dormancy – causesand methods to break seed dormancy – physiology of seedgermination – abscission – and senescence.REFERENCE BOOKS1. Bidwell. R. G. S. 1979 Plant Physiology. Macmillon Delhi.2. Datta. S. C. 1989.Plant Physiology. Central Book Depot.Allahabad.47

3. Gauch. H. G.1972 Inorganic Plant Nutrition. Hutchinson &Dowd. New York.4. Govindji. 1982. Photosynthesis. AP. New York.5. Hall. D. V. K. K. Rao. Photosynthesis. Arnold London6. Jacob. W. P. 1979. Plant Hormones and Plant Development.Cambridge University Press. Cambrigde7. Khan. A. A. 1982. The Physiology and Biochemistry of Seeddevelopment, Dormancy and Germination. Elesiver.Amsterdam8. Salisbury. F. B., C. W. Ross.1991 Plant Physiology.Wassworth Pub. Co. Belmont9. Ting. I. P. 1982.Plant Physiology. Addison Wesley Pb.Philippines10. Michealis. I. And J. C. Torry. 1956. Plant in ActionW. H. Freeman11. Lea, P. J. and R. C. Leegood. 1993. Plant Biochemistry andMolecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons. New York.12. Gregory, R. P. F. 1989. Biochemistry of PhotosynthesisWiley Chichester13. Sage, R. and R. K. Monson (eds). 1999. The Biology of C4Plants AP New York.14. Dixon, R. O. D. and C. T. Wheller 1986. Nitrogen Fixation inPlants Blackie. Glasgow.15. Postgate. J. 1987. Nitrogen Fixation 2 nd Edition Cassel,London16. Stacey,G., R. H. Burris and Evans, H. J. 1992. BiologicalNitrogen Fixation. Chapman and Hall, New York17. Mann, J. 1987, Secondary Metabolism Clarendron Press,Oxford18. Harborne, J. B. Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry.Academic Press. Oxford.19. Bonner, J. and J. E. Varner. 1979.Plant Physiology.Macmillon Delhi.20. Conn. E. E. and P. K. Stump. 1976.Outlines of BiochemistryWiley Eastern21. Robert Horton, H. L. A. Moran, R. S. Ochs, J. D. Rawn andK.G. Scrimgeour. 1996. 22. Principles of Biochemistry.Printice hall International. NJ.22. Fersht. A. 1985. Enzyme Structure and Metabolism.W. H. Freeman New York23. Lewin. B.1994. Genes. V. Oxford University Press. NewYork48

24. Ferrier, R. J. and Collind, R. M. 1995. MonassaharidesWiley, New York.25. Moore, T. S. (ed).1993. Lipid Metabolism in Plants. CRCPress. Boca Raton26. Murphy, D. J (ed) 1994. Designer Oil Crops. VCH Press.Germany27. Dey, P. M. J. B. Harborne (eds)1997 Methods in PlantBiochemistry, Academic Press London28. Dey, P. M. J. B. Harborne (eds)1997.Plant Biochemistry,Academic Press London29. Hopkins, W.G. 1995. Introduction to Plant Physiology, JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA.30. Nobel, P.S. 1999. Physiochemical and Environmental PlantPhysiology, Academic Press, San Diego, USA.31. Taiz and Zeiger, 1998. Plant Physiology (2 nd ed.)32. Voet and Voet, 1992. Biochemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,New York, USA.*****Title of the Course/PaperCategory of the CoursePrerequisitesObjectives of theCoursePLANT BIOCHEMISTRYCORE PAPER-XIVPRACTICAL- IV: ( Covering theorypaper XI and XII)Year/SemesterII Year -IV SemesterCredit-4SubjectCodeBasic Fundamental Knowledge onsubjectsImparts Advance level knowledge inabove subjects1. Basic Biochemistry - Preparation of different types ofSolutions.2. Principles of Photometry - Colorimeter andSpectrophotometer- principles and Applications.3. To find complimentary colour for different coloured solutionsby using colorimeter.4. Preparation of standard graph for potassium dichromate(K2 Crp7) by using colorimeter (OR) Verification of Beer-Lambert Law by using colorimeter.5. Principles of pH meter and application6. Determination of pH of lemon juice and detergent powder byusing pH meter.49

7. Determination of neutralization point of acid- base mixture bytitration method using pH meter.8. Estimation of glucose by anthrone reagent methodcolorimetrically.9. Estimation of aminoacids by ninhydrin methodcolorimetrically.10. Estimation of proteins (Lowry's method and Bradfordmethod ).11. Extraction and separation of known and unknown aminoacids by using Paper Chromatographic method.12. Assay of the enzyme Catalase13. Assay of the enzyme Peroxidase14. Assay of the enzyme Dehydrogenase(DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENTS PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY ANDBIOPHYSICS)1. Dialysis2. Warburg manometer3. Preparation of BuffersSimple problems based on theory syllabus.PLANT PHYSIOLOGY1. Extraction and separation of photosynthetic pigments of Caand C4 plants by paper chromatographic method.2. Extraction and separation of photosynthetic pigments of Caand C4 plants by thin layer chromatographic (TLC)method.3. Extraction and separation of photosynthetic pigments of C3and C4 plants by Column chromatographic method.4. Extraction and separation of photosynthetic pigments byChemical method.5. Estimation of Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b and Totalchlorophyll by Arnon's method.6. Estimation of Carotenoids by using colorimeter.7. Determination of absorption spectra of Chlorophyll a andChlorophyll b by using colorimeter.8. Determination of water potential by Plasmolytic method9. Deficit (DPD) by weighing method.10. Determination of effect of Chemicals on membranepermeability (Colorimetricaly)11. Determination of effect of Temperature on membranepermeability (Colorimetricaly)12. Effect of varying intensities of light on the rate ofphotosynthesis of an aquatic plant by using Wi1mott'sBubble Counter50

13. Effect -of varying wave lengths of light (Or Quality of light)onthe rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant by usingWilmot’s Bubble Counter.14. Effect of varying concentrations of CO2 on the rate ofphotosynthesis of an aquatic plant by using Wilmot’s BubbleCounter.15. Determination of rate of respiration of different respiratorysubstrates by using Titration method.(DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENTS PLANT PHYSIOLOGY)1. Dye reduction test (Hill's Reaction)2. Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE and SDS PAGE)3. Estimation of total nitrogen by Kjaldhal method.4. Bio- assay of 2,4-D.Bioassay of kinetin.Bonafide record of practical work done should be submitted for thepractical examination.*****Title of the Course/PaperCategory of theCoursePrerequisitesObjectives of theCourseELECTIVE -V: ALGAL BIOTECHNOLOGYYear/SemesterII Year -IV SemesterCredit-3 Subject CodeBasic Fundamental Knowledge on subjectsImparts Advance level knowledge in abovesubjectsUNIT - IALGAL BIOTECHNOLOGYObjectives of algal biotechnology, Resource potential of algae.Commercial utility of algae. Algae as a source of food and feed,algae as therapeutants, pigments, fine chemicals, fuel, biofertilizersand hormones.Classification of oceanic environments, biological importance of seafood from sea, knowledge of Indian Ocean and adjacent seas.UNIT - II51

Industrial application of algal fuel, algal lipids- transesterification toester fuel- substitutes for petroleum derived fuel, production of finechemicals.Algae as food for fish, poultry and animals. Mass cultivation of microalgae as source of protein and as feed.UNIT - IIITherapeutic uses. Remedial compounds, antioxidant,antithromombiotic, anticoagulants, wound healing, skin diseases,antiulcerogenic, antifungal, antibiotics and ant tumor, antiviralcompounds. Production of pigments and utilization.Positive and negative roles of algae in agriculture and aquaculture.Role of algae in closed systems; symbiotic algae, parasitic algae;phycopathology.UNIT - IVImmobilization of algae: natural compounds of immobilizationmethodsof immobilization-alginate beads--extraction of compounds.Recombinant DNA technology in algae, cloning of algal genomicsand genetic engineering with reference to algae. Transformationsystems in algae. Isolation of protoplasts, regeneration of fusion ofmacro algae.UNIT - VRole of algae in environmental health; Sewage treatment, treatingindustrial effluent, heavy metal removal, algae as indicators inassessing water quality and pollution; Saprobies index; Monitoring ,assessment, restoration and management of coastal and marineecosystem environment.REFERENCE BOOKSBaddiley, S. Carey, N.H. Higgins, I.J. and Potter , W.G. 1994 .Microalgae: Biotechnology and Microbiology. Cambride University Press..Cambridge.Becker. E.W. 1994. Micro algae Biotechnology and Microbiology.Cambridge University press.Borowitzka, M.A. and borowizka, L.J. Microalgal Biotechnology.52

Ignacimuthu, S. 1996. Basic Biotechnology. Tata Mc Graw HillPublishing Ltd. New Delhi.Trehan, K. 1990. Biotechnology. Naroisa Pub. House. London.Trivedi, P.C. 2001. Algal Biotechnology.. Point publisher, Jaipur.India.Alexopoulos, C. J. And Bold, H. C. Algae and Fungi. The MacmillionCo. LondonBold, H. C and Wynne, M. J. 1978.Introduction to the Algae:Structure and Function. Prantice Hall of India New Delhi.Chapman,V. J. 1962. The Algae. Macmillan and Co. Ltd. New York.Dioxn, P. S. 1973. Biology of Rhodophyta. Hafner Press. New York.Dodge, J. E. The Fine Structure of Algal Cells. AP LondonFogg., G. E. 1953. The Metabolism of Algae. Methuen & Co. LondonFott, B.1959. Studies in Phylogy. Academia PragueFritsch, F. E.1935. The Structure and Reproduction of Algae, Vol. I.University Press CambridgeFritsch, F. E.1945. The Structure and Reproduction of Algae, Vol Il. I.University Press CambridgeKumar H. D and H. N. Singh.1982. A text Book on Algae. AffiliatedEast- West Press Pvt. LtdMorris, I. 1968. An Introduction to the Algae, Hutchinson UniversityLibrary, LondonPickett_ Heaps, J. D.1975. Green Algae. Sinauer Associates,Sunderland, MassPrescott, G. W. 1969.The Algae: A Review. Thomson Nelson &Sons. LondonRound, F. E. 1973. The Biology of Algae. Edward Arnold. LondonSmith, G. M.1955. Crytogamic Botany Vol. IMc Graw – Hill Co.New YorkSmith, G. M.1955. Crytogamic Botany Vol. IMc Graw – Hill Co.New YorkSmith, S and Reed, D. J.1997. Mycorrhizal mSymbiosis AcademicPress.Stein, J. R. Hand Book of Phycological Methods. University Press.Cambridge53

Title of the Course/PaperCategory of theCoursePrerequisitesObjectives of theCourseELECTIVE -V: APPLIED PLANTPATHOLOGYYear/ Credit-3 Subject CodeSemesterII Year -IV SemesterBasic Fundamental Knowledge on subjectsImparts Advance level knowledge in abovesubjectsAPPLIED PLANT PATHOLOGYUNIT - IScope and Significance of Plant pathology – A study of principles ofplant infection – inoculum potential – infection and dissemination ofpathogens.UNIT - IIImportant diseases of crop plants in India (Bacterial blight of Rice,Wilt of cotton, Late blight of Potato, Red rot of sugar cane,). Plantdisease control (physical, chemical and biological).UNIT - IIIHost – parasite interations (Physiology of parasitism): Pathogenesisor Disease development, Plant – Parasite Relationship. Role ofenzymes and toxins in disease development. Defense mechanisms:Host defense – Strucutral defense, Bio chemical defense.UNIT - IVGenetics of plant disease: Disease Resistance – Genetics ofvirulence and resistance, Gene-for-gene concept, Techniques inplant breeding for disease resistance. Genetics of Host – parasiteinteraction – mutation, heterokaryosis, parasexual recombination.Molecular Plant Pathology: Detection of pathogens in host tissues –ELISA – Incorporation of resistant gene methods – Electroporation –Agrobacterium fusion.REFERENCE BOOKS1. Agrios, G.N. Plant pathology, IV Edition, Academicprus 1998.2. Bilgrami K.S. and Dube H.C., A Text Book of ModernPathology Vikas publishing house pvt., Ltd., 1976.3. Chatterjee P.B., Plant protection techniques BharatiBhavan 19974. Das Gupta H.K. Principles of Plant pathology AlliedPublishers 1988.5. Mehrotra R.S. Plant Pathology Tata-Mc Graw HillPublish, co., Ltd., 1980.6. Rangaswami G and A. Mahadevan Diseases of Cropplants in India. IV Edition Practice Hall 1999.7. Singh R.S. Plant Pathogens : The fungi Oxford &IBH Publisher Co.1982.54

8. Singh R.S. Plant Diseases Oxford and IBHpublishing co., 1983.9. Walker J.C. Plant Pathology Tata Mc Graw HillPublishers 1969.AC.S’12*****55