Kenya - Standards and Trade Development Facility

cover pageMOBILIZING AID FOR TRADEFOR SPS-RELATED TECHNICAL COOPERATIONIN EAST AFRICASPS BALANCE SHEET FOR KENYAResearch work for the Standards and Trade Development FacilityDr Mulat AbegazThis report reflects the views of the author alone and does not represent the views of the STDF or any of itspartner agencies or donors.

1. Introduction1. The objective of this STDF research work is to further strengthen the linkage between "supply" and"demand" of technical cooperation in the area of food safety, animal and plant health (collectively known assanitary and phytosanitary or SPS) requirements. As such, this research is being carried out in the frameworkof the broader Aid for Trade Initiative. The work builds on existing capacity assessments in the SPS area ofcapacity evaluation tools developed and applied by international organizations such as the Food andAgriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Bank, as well as other studies and reports. It is not a newcapacity evaluation, but rather an attempt to consolidate the results of previous studies.2. This report presents a balance sheet of needs and supplies in the SPS area for Kenya. Similar balancesheets have been developed for Tanzania and Uganda, as well as at a regional level. The aim of the report isto strengthen the supply and demand for SPS-related technical cooperation by:• acting as a focus for information sharing of needs evaluations and ongoing and planned activities;and• identifying gaps where they exist and further mobilizing the provision of capacity building resourcesas necessary.2. Overview of priority action areas3. The Investment Programme for the Economic Recovery Strategy (IP-ERS) for Wealth andEmployment Creation 2003-2007 (in the process of being replaced by "Vision 2030") and the NationalExport Strategy Implementation Action Plan 2005-2008 set out Kenya’s economic growth and povertyreduction targets. Although the new government can be expected to update these strategy documents, themain constraints faced remain the same. Kenya’s agriculture and food processing sector has a key to play inachieving poverty reduction and economic growth targets. Within this sector, a range of SPS issues act as abrake on productivity, impede access to potential markets and impose losses on the economy as a result of theburden of food-borne illness. The Strategy for Revitalizing Agriculture (SRA, 2004) aims to make Kenya'sproducts more competitive on international markets and improve producers' incomes.4. Kenya has several “flagship” agro-industries which are successful models of export-led growth, inparticular cut flowers, fresh vegetables, tea and fish. Within these success story sectors, SPS issues act as abrake on further growth and impose important control costs. A range of plant pests and diseases reduce fruitand vegetable production and the possibility of extending the successful model of small-holder supply chainsinto new product groups and growing areas. Ever more stringent food safety rules in key export markets withrespect to residues of agro-chemicals and microbiological contamination require constant commercialvigilance, proactive regulatory action and effective research capacity to develop and deploy alternate controlmethods to maintain export volumes. Process based private standards designed to minimize food safety risksare being extended into environmental and social issues. A further challenge, although also not SPS-specific,is that posed by environment campaigners in certain key markets with regard the impact of air transport onclimate change.5. The lake fisheries sector is an example of where SPS issues have closed down a key export market.Fortunately, the sector is also an example of how these constraints have been successfully overcome. In thewake of export restrictions to the EU market in the late 1990s, Kenya upgraded compliance capacity in thelake fisheries sector, with assistance from a variety of donors, and reduced its dependence on the EU marketby accessing new markets including Israel, Singapore, Japan and Australia. The last EU Food and VeterinaryOffice (FVO) inspection in 2006 noted excellent performance by the competent authority. However, SPScompliance is a process of continuous improvement. Thus, whilst noting the excellent performance with2

espect to enforcement of local standards, the FVO still raised a number of concerns in relation to sanitarycontrols, in particular in relation to their equivalence with EU legislation in areas such as the ability to test forhistamine and heavy metals.6. SPS issues remain an absolute block for access to many markets for the livestock sector, a drain onproductivity and threat to livelihoods for small farmers. The continued prevalence of important animaldiseases for livestock trade, weak veterinary infrastructure, facilities and services, low rates of investment inslaughterhouses, meat processing and distribution services mean that Kenya’s meat export opportunities arelimited to intra-regional trade, mainly in live animals. The on-going efforts of the Kenyan Government,Department of Veterinary Service, the Dairy Board and private sector to improve the animal health situationand to support the sector in line with international standards need to be further supported.7. The decline in coffee exports, one of Kenya’s major traditional cash crops, has been exacerbated bypest and disease problems. A main export earner and a means of livelihood to several hundred thousandpeople, the sector has contracted by half during the last 20 years. Factors attributed to the decline are mainlyrelated to commodity price decline, competition in the world coffee market, inefficiency in marketarrangements and other issues. Against this background of economic downturn, the ability to control pests,diseases and weeds has also declined, so exacerbated the production downturn.8. Food-borne diseases remain a problem in Kenya. Up to 70% of all episodes of diarrhoea may beattributed to ingestion of contaminated food and water. The most prevalent diseases in the year 2004 weretyphoid dysentery and gastroenteritis, which affected 643,151, 600,660, and 722,275 people respectively.Others include aflatoxin poisoning (323), brucellosis (198) and cholera (68). Some of these are seasonal andrequire adequate planning for preventive response. For example, aflatoxin poisoning prevalence peaks duringfood shortages and rainy seasons preceded by drought conditions within specific regions, while typhoid peaksmainly during the rainy seasons. In addition, available statistics are not well documented and processed foruse in decision-making. Investigations into causative factors and magnitudes of exposure to trigger theirmanagement are inadequate and require strengthening.9. The burden of food-borne disease also creates a difficulty in the service sector, in particular for thetourism trade. The tourist sector’s backward linkages related to the supply of safe food, hygiene andsanitation issues need to be properly addressed. For income from visitors to be maximized and the likelihoodof return visits increased, food-borne risks need to be reduced.10. Kenya’s successful penetration of the EU market, in particular for cut flowers and fresh vegetables,can mask its equal success in expanding south-south trade. A growing range of primary and value-addedproducts is going to the East African Community (EAC), the Common Market of East and Southern Africa(COMESA), the Middle East, Asia, Russia, Israel and other markets. In particular, Kenya has takenadvantage of the improved trading opportunities afforded by the East African Customs Union and COMESA.Continued diversification both in the range of products traded and markets need to be further strengthened.Key in this respect is supporting the private sector associations which have been so prominent in driving thesuccess development of their sectors (horticulture, fish, tea, etc.) and pushing for a supportive governmentpolicy environment.11. Based on existing capacity assessments and evaluations, the following priority areas emerge as notbeing currently addressed by the existing or planned donor programmes. Addressing these areas would helppoverty alleviation by reducing the burden of animal disease and plant pests so increasing small farmerincome, generate additional export revenue, and reduce the burden of food-borne disease in the populationand on the economy.• Tackle pest problems limiting expansion in the floriculture and horticulture sectors, in particular dueto fruit fly, expand small-holder certification schemes into new production areas and product groups,3

and strengthen the public infrastructure underpinning both sectors, both physical (e.g. throughlaboratory accreditation to international standards) and soft (i.e. through continued training in suchareas as pest risk analysis);• Address disease problems limiting the export of livestock, meat and dairy products through a focusedprogramme of investment and strengthen the performance of Kenya’s veterinary servicesConsideration should be given to different possible methods for the development of greater meatprocessing capacity, e.g. through disease free zones, compartments or a commodity-based approach;• Maintain SPS compliance capacity in the lake fisheries sector through continued investment andtraining in the public and private sector. The scope for further development of the sector in coastalfisheries and through aquaculture, and associated SPS risks, should be assessed;• Offer training for trade associations on SPS compliance strategies relevant to their membercompanies and encourage their efforts to obtain proactive government services in support of theirsectoral needs. An important part of market access is related to SPS diplomacy and a closerelationship between government and the private sector when it comes to monitoring and reacting tochanges in the SPS measures of trading partners. SPS is an area of continual improvement and suchcapacity needs to be sustained for the long term;• Update existing regulatory and institutional frameworks with the establishment of generic SPS/foodlaws and umbrella regulations. A particular need is to push for the adoption of the draft “NationalFood and Nutrition Policy” and proposed “National Food Safety Focal Point” involving all keyrelevant stakeholders which will promote integration of SPS issues into planning and budgetaryframeworks so raising the profile of SPS issues nationally;• Provide food safety training in the tourism sector and examine ways to integrate local suppliers intohotel supply chains, as part of a comprehensive evaluation of food safety needs;3. Overview of ongoing and planned donor assistance12. The Kenya Joint Assistance Strategy (KJAS, 2007-2011) and Partnership Principles agreed with theGovernment of Kenya specify the ways in which donors support efforts to economic growth and povertyreduction. Donors in Kenya are organized in the Harmonization, Alignment and Coordination (HAC) group 1 .There are also sector and thematic working groups to coordinate support to sectors and subsectors13. Unlike Tanzania and Uganda, general budget support is limited and currently only provided by theEuropean Union. Specific sector budget support is increasingly being used and efforts could be made fortrade and SPS capacity building to figure more prominently in existing basket programmes, focusing forinstance on agriculture, private sector development, etc. Finally, it is observed that donor support for specificproject and programmes, whether at national, regional, ACP or all developing country level will continue in2008 and beyond. From the overview of on-going and future planned donor programmes (Annex I) it seemsthat there are significant opportunities to fund outstanding SPS needs and priorities beyond 2008.1 As of January 2007, members include Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway,Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States, the African Development Bank, the European Commission, theUnited Nations, and the World Bank Group. China and Malaysia are recent entrants in the donor arena and are as yet notparticipants in the HAC.4

Products/markets SPS compliance constraints Ongoing and plannedassistanceFish and fishery productsFish sourced from inland and coastalfisheries, and aquaculture. Sectorestimated to employ about 300,000people directly or indirectly (2004).Total production (2005) is 140,000MT (90% from Lake Victoria).Major commercial fresh waterspecies include Nile perch (to EUand other markets e.g. Israel,Singapore, Japan and Australia),tilapia (mainly local consumptionand emerging regional market) andomena (local consumption/feed).Marine products include prawns,octopus, tuna, sardines, lobster andcrab.Fisheries sector recovered after EUtrade restrictions on exports of Nileperch in 1990s. Processors organizedin Association of Fish ProcessorsKenya (AFIPEK) and MoU betweenAFIPEK and Fisheries Department inplace.Current concerns over sustainabilityof sector in Lake Victoria (decliningcatch, increased wastage at landbeaches, poor fishing methods).Inland fisheries sector going throughprocess of rationalization (facilitiesoperating at low capacity). Relativelylesser attention has been given todevelopment of fisheries in LakeTurkana, coastal fisheries andaquaculture.In 2006, EU Food and VeterinaryOffice (FVO) inspection noted goodperformance of official controlactivities. It also reported followingdeficiencies:- Lack of equivalent regulations andstandards to newly established EUstandards and regulations;- Deficient conditions in somelanding sites and fishing vessels- Deficiencies in designatedlaboratory for pesticide residues;- Lack of analysis of histamine andheavy metals.The recently adopted FishRegulations (2007) lack standardoperating procedures (SOPs),guidelines and manuals for freshwater, marine and aquaculturefisheries. Training to enforce andimplement new Fish Regulations isneeded. Government is consideringestablishment of modern auctioncentre in Kisumu - for which fundingis lacking.Other main issue relates to lack ofknowledge of fisheries of modernfishing and handling techniques(including use of ice). Awarenessraising and training activities arebeing conducted by FisheriesDepartment and beach officers butneed to be multiplied.Following the EC bans, supportwas offered by several donorsincluding FAO, AfDB, UNIDO,EC and World Bank.Specific ongoing and plannedactivities identified include:- EC - Implementation ofFisheries Management Plan forLake Victoria (ending in 2008apart from upgrading severallanding sites).- EC/Indian Ocean TunaCommission - Indian OceanTagging Project (2004-2009).- EC (Strengthening FisheryProduct Health Conditions inACP countries (SFP, extendeduntil 2010).- EC/IOC Secretariat – RegionalSustainable Management ofCoastal Resources (2005-2010);- EC - 10 th EDF (2008-2013,with focus on capacity buildingfor fishery organizations on foodsafety issues, including SPS).Recommended actions/gapsThe following actions arerecommended (in line with FVO andother reports):- Strengthen inspection and train staffin performing official controls in linewith the newly established EUregulations.- Develop manuals, guidelines and thenecessary SOPs in line with new FishRegulations.- Continue education of fisheries onfishing and handling techniques(including use of ice).- Designate competent pesticidelaboratories and strengthen analyticalcapacity for histamine and heavy metal.- Upgrade remaining landing sites.-Attract funds for establishment ofauction market with basic facilities forat least four beaches to improve qualitycontrol and marketing;- Continue assistance to industryassociations training membercompanies on HACCP/ISO 22000 andconsolidate associations' code ofpractice.- Standardize fish drying and smokingpractices (trade to DRC, Rwanda andBurundi).- Conduct feasibility study to explorepotential of aquaculture and marinefisheries - including SPS requirements -and develop policy package andguidelines to attract investment.- Conduct study to determine capacityand extent of parasite problem in LakeTurkana.Priority11111122336

Products/markets SPS compliance constraints Ongoing and plannedassistanceLivestock and poultry productsKenya has a large cattle herd (13.5mKenya has benefited fromheads) but meat exports constitutesupport from regional andless than 1% of total exports (andnational projects implementedhave been declining since 1990).by inter alia the EC (e.g. Pan-Livestock is used predominantly forAfrican Program for the Controlsupporting subsistence of ruralof Epizootics), FAO and IFAD.households. Annual production(2003) estimated at about 363,000Specific ongoing and plannedMT (beef) and 16,000 MT (pork).activities identified include:Most important destination for meatexports is EAC region followed byEritrea, Bahrain and the UAE.Consultations with Middle Eastcountries and Egypt ongoing. Tradein live animals takes place mainly oninformal basis, bringing cattle fromneighboring countries into Kenyathrough its “porous” frontiers.Beef production mainly found in aridand semi arid lands (ASALs).Shortcomings exist in sanitarycontrols at slaughterhouses and meatprocessing plants. Some canneriesrehabilitated and reopened in 2006.Kenya Meat Commission hasmanufacturing facility (but shelvedits regulatory function for now).Poultry population estimated at about30 million birds. Annual poultryproduction estimated at 19,000 MT.Five main hatcheries produce over 16million day-old chicks annually. Noinformation available on trade inwild animals or by- products such ashides and skins.There are opportunities for targetingexports that will cater to deficits inregional consumption of livestockproducts. However, a series of SPSconstraints have to be overcome:- animal health status and diseasemanagement (presence of severalendemic animal diseases, illustratedby several trade bans, most recentlydue to Rift Valley Fever in 2007).-absence of monitoring system todocument diseases and actions toeradicate them.- poor hygienic conditions inslaughterhouses, handling andprocessing facilities (lack of GHP,GMP and HACCP application), andlack of inspection and enforcement.- absence of control and low qualityof animal feed.Other constraints are related totransportation (i.e. animals should beslaughtered closer to breedinglocations), lack of investment andrevamping meat distribution systems(especially informal channels).Directorate of Veterinary Services(DVS) is currently establishingdisease free zones, engagingcommunities through sensitizationand education to actively participatein disease reporting and livestockmovement control, and involved inanimal disease surveillanceespecially at borders. These activitiesneed further support.- USAID/USDA – PASA projectsto conduct animal disease riskassessments (not yet started).- EC/AU-IBAR: SupportProgramme to IntegratedNational Action Plans forAvian and Human Influenza(SPINAP-AHI).- World Bank Group: Promotinglong term investment inlivestock in Kenya..Recommended actions/gapsKenya's prime SPS constraint is itsanimal health status followed bysanitary concerns. Actions to addressdisease situation depend greatly oncapability of DVS. Results of OIE PVStool (applied in 2006 but not in publicdomain) should be used to identifyactions to strengthen DVS. Increasingrole of private sector should beconsidered in rural areas and publicprivateinvestment should be promoted.Some key actions identified in variousother studies include:- strengthening animal health anddisease control monitoring, inspectionand surveillance activities;- training inspectors and veterinarypersonnel.- further strengthening efforts of meatindustries (striving to export fresh andfrozen and canned products to regionand Middle East) through marketresearch, business development andtechnical assistance on food safety(GHP, GMP and HACCP) and meattechnologies.- enhancing animal feed situation.- continuing establishment of diseasefree zones and engagement ofcommunities through awareness raisingactivities.- introducing mobile screening units (2-3 at major markets) for CBBP (staffalready trained to operate devices).- strengthening analytical capacities ofDVS and university laboratories(including drug residue analysis).Priority11221127

Products/markets SPS compliance constraints Ongoing and plannedassistanceDairy productsDairy industry is predominantlySpecific & ongoing assistancesmall-holder based in ASALs.include:Annual production is now estimatedto be 4 billion liter (of which 3.5USAID: Regional Agriculturebillion is for local consumption. PastTrade Expansion Supportemphasis was mostly on increasing(RATES) including COMESAproduction, but recently efforts areDairy SPS protocol.made to improve quality.Vending of raw milk throughinformal markets accounts for some80% of total sales. Poor hygienicpractices in milk collection andhandling are reported. Presence ofanti-microbial residues is main publichealth concern and poses exportconstraints. There are about 26 dairyplants, 10 of which have capacitiesmore than 10,000 l/day.Industry is comparatively moredeveloped than dairy industries ofmany other countries in sub-SaharanAfrica. Dairy products are mainlyexported to EAC countries and thereare limited opportunities to enhancethis trade. Potential markets includeMiddle East, North and Sub-SaharanAfricaMinistry of Livestock and FisheriesDevelopment (MLFD) throughKenya Dairy Board (KDB) isresponsible for monitoring qualityand safety, inspection, establishmentor milk receiving centers, andawareness-raising and training.Among key constraints are poorhygienic practices in milk handlingand poor milk collection, transportmethods, lack of inspection andsurveillance, outdated legislation -but also more fundamental problemsrelated to livestock management,disease control and treatment andanimal feed practices (see above). ACode of Hygienic Practice forproduction, handling and distributionof milk and milk products exists butcannot support production andhandling processes in unregulatedmarkets.In milk processing industry concernsare related to product and marketdevelopment , production efficiencyand competitiveness, investment andexport promotion (where food safetystandards are likely to become animportant issue). Studies show thatlarge scale farmers are morecompetitive producers. Withreduction in domestic costs(transport, packaging, etc.), Kenyacould become globally competitive.Recommended actions/gapsThe following actions arerecommended to enhance domesticmilk production and prospects forexports:- continue and enhance awarenessraising,extension and training activitieson application of good hygienicpractices.- strengthen DVS capacity formonitoring, surveillance and control ofanimal diseases.- finalize and enact new Dairy Act inline with dairy development strategyand international requirements(supported by SOPs and guidelines.- enhance awareness-raising activitiesat consumer level (creating pressure onsuppliers).- control of antimicrobials throughdevelopment of national frameworkprogram (including augmentinglivestock development andmanagement practices in both formaland informal livestock supply chains,e.g. disease management, inadequacyof animal feed, inadequate access toanimal health services in rural areas,breeding programmes, etc.).- strengthen analytical capacity formonitoring of veterinary drugs andaflatoxin level in dairy products.- further assist industries inimplementation of GMP, GHP andHACCP.Priority11122228

Products/markets SPS compliance constraints Ongoing and plannedassistanceTraditional commoditiesKenya’s traditional cash crops Major constraints in coffee export are(coffee and tea) provide a livelihood mainly non-SPS factors includingfor more than 750,000 and small price decline, competition from Latingrowers and plantation employees. America and Asia, and countryCoffee exports declined over past specific conditions attributed totwo decades from about US$320m policy environment, government(1985) to US$110m (2004), while tea interventions, and inefficiency ofexports expanded from US$300m to cooperatives.US$400m during the same period.Kenya is the second largest teaexporter world-wide (after SriLanka).Coffee Board of Kenya and KenyaTea Development Agency areresponsible for regulatory andmarketing functions of coffee andtea, respectively.Strategies to target niche and highervalue markets, like specialty andorganic products, have grown inimportance.At present, no specific SPSconstraints reported but problemsrelated to pesticides (anticipatingstricter MRLs) and fumigationpractices and mycotoxins resultingfrom handling and storage practicescould be serious challenges in nearfuture. Pre-emptive actions arerecommended.Various donors have providedgeneral agricultural support orsupport related to upgrading thequality of specific commoditiesin the past.Specific ongoing and plannedactivities include a projectfunded by the Bill and MelindaGates Foundation to supportsmall-scale coffee farmers inEast Africa.Recommended actions/gapsThe market for traditional commoditiesis increasingly dominated by privatestandards with non-SPS elements e.g.fair trade, organic, private labelsincluding environmental and socialaspects.. Besides investigating furtheropportunities for organic produce andbranding of coffee and tea, furtherpromotion of basic/good practices(handling, drying, etc.) and training tosmall-scale producers is recommended.Continue monitoring MRLs andmyctoxins in tea and coffee in line withCodex standards and requirements oftarget export market countries (EU,USA, Japan, etc.).Priority219

Products/markets SPS compliance constraints Ongoing and plannedassistanceTourismTourism is the main service export,In the past, several donoran important source of foreigninitiatives have supported theexchange earnings (estimated attourism sector.US$340m in 2004), and providesdirect employment for some 210,000employees, and for a further 280,000people employed in support sectors.Tourism's backward linkages arespread through many sectorsincluding inter alia horticulture(fruits and vegetables), livestock(meat and dairy products), poultry(meat and eggs) and fisheries (fishand seafood).Reportedly, a separate World Bankstudy on tourism sector is underway.Compared with other countries inSub-Saharan Africa, industry hasgrown below average. Mainconstraints are security situation(highlighted by recent conflictsfollowing election in 2007), poorroad infrastructure, deterioration oftourism infrastructure and services,weak institutional and regulatoryframework to promote furtherinvestment, and insufficientmarketing and promotion efforts.SPS-related constraints include lackof awareness of food safety risks intourist industry, training in goodhygiene practices, inadequatesurveillance/monitoring system, andweak inspectorate capacities.Recommended actions/gaps- Strengthen awareness and trainingprogrammes for tourism industry onfood safety risks, good hygienepractices, etc.- Strengthen surveillance/ monitoringsystem including inspectoratecapacities.Priority1210

5. Food safetyStatus Needs Ongoing and plannedassistanceAwareness- Limited awareness about impact of - Review draft NFNP by food safety FAO/WHO programmesfood safety on national economy and and quality experts to clearly guidedevelopment at all levels, with implementation schemes of foodnotable exception of fisheries and safety and food control system,horticulture export industry (no followed by its adoption andeffective foodborne disease reporting incorporation into nationalsystem in place).development plans.- Limited resources and budget - Increase awareness about thesupport for institutions involved in impact of food safety and quality onfood safety and quality control. the economic and social fabric of the- No policy on food safety control nation among top decision-making(draft National Food and Nutrition levels.Policy (NFNP) does not refer to - Enhance information, education andenhancement, restructuring or training programmes at all stages andmodernization of food control for all stakeholders in food chain,system.including farmers, universities,- Several universities have food research institutes, consumers, etc.science and technology departmentsand curricula.- Several institutes and associationsinvolved in awareness-raising andtraining programmes for smallholders,exporters, producers andconsumers including HCDA,FPEAK, AFIPEK, KEPHIS, KDB,CIN, EPC.Institutional and regulatory framework- Lack of efficient coordination/collaboration among multiple keyfood safety and quality controlinstitutions.. 2- Develop ToR of recently proposed(rotating) National Food Safety FocalPoint and make reference to roles andmandates of participating institutionsFuture donor programmes focusincreasingly on private sectorand business development - butrelatively less on public sectorcapacity building.Several donor programmes inplace includingschemes/facilities for upgradingfood safety/quality in small andmedium enterprises (SMEs)through training, loans, partialsubsidies, etc. (see Annex I).Other relevant existing andplanned projects include:- UNIDO – regional EACproject.- EC - Capacity Building onMaximum Residue Levels(MRLs) (2006-2010).- EC - Strengthening FoodSafety Systems throughsanitary and phytosanitary(SPS) measures (ACP, 2008 –2012).- EC - Strengthening FisheryProducts Health Conditions inACP countries (SFP, extendeduntil 2010);Recommended actions/gaps- Develop national policy statement,review draft NFNP, integrate foodsafety into national development plansand organize symposium for politiciansand senior decision-makers.- Coordinate and strengthen ongoingefforts and training programmes onGMP and GHP (smaller processors andstreet vendors) and HACCP (larger andmedium-sized processor) conducted bydifferent institutions and associations.- Create public consumer protectionoffice and further strengthen consumerassociations.- Determine the appropriate policymixture for the private and publicprovision of laboratory infrastructure.- Establish the proposed National FoodSafety Focal Point to coordinates foodsafety and quality control issues;- Preparation of new umbrella food actPriority1121111

Status Needs Ongoing and plannedassistance- Legislation related to food control related to food safety and quality.system - including implementing - Legislation needs revision startingregulations - outdated and in need of with umbrella basic food act -revision. Exception are the Fisheries followed by range of sectoral(Safety of Fish, Fishery Products and legislation and regulations on meat,Fish Feed) Regulations (2007), dairy products, feed, etc. Reportedly,which have been recognized as Ministry of Livsetock and Fisheriesequivalent to EU regulations by FVO Development (MLFD) has startedin 2006. 3process of reviewing sectorallegislation.Enforcement- Food inspection is responsibility ofMoH (Public Heath Department),employing about 8,000 inspectors.Inspection also by local governmentauthorities and by various sectoralinstitutions and boards. FisheriesDepartment does not oversee localfish and seafood handling (similar inTanzania and Uganda). Both MoHand DVS inspect abattoirs andslaughterhouses.- Limited monitoring of pesticide andveterinary drug residues, notably inlocal markets. FPEAK monitorspesticide residues and microbialcontaminants of export products.- Most laboratories have limited- Establish systematic records ofincidence of food-borne diseases- Provide training and tools to foodinspectors.- Enforce registration of and providetraining to street vendors (largelyunregulated and informal sector).- Further extend HACCP approach inexport oriented fish and vegetableprocessing sectors to other sectors,e.g. dairy, meat and poultry.- Improve diagnostic capacitystarting with preparation of nationalfood control laboratory plan followedby targeted capacity building efforts;Speed up accreditation process andpromote private food laboratories- USAID/USDA –PASA projectsfocusing on food safety (2006-2011, see Annex I.Recommended actions/gaps(institutionalizing coordinationmechanism) - followed by sectorallegislation and implementingregulations.- Raise budgetary and technicalsupport; to implement and enforcelegislation.- Study need for specific aquacultureregulations.- Establish systematic records ofincidence of food-borne diseases- Provide training and tools to foodinspectors.- Enforce registration of and providetraining to street vendors.- Prepare national food controllaboratory plan and build furtherlaboratory capacity (including field testkits, etc.). A key part of this plan needsto be consideration of the internationalacceptance of results produced fromKenyan laboratories. A mixture ofbilateral and multilateral pressure maybe necessary for this purpose.- Design monitoring programmes forveterinary drug residues, mycotoxinsPriority112112112 Including inter alia Ministry of Health, District and Municipal Councils, Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS), Fisheries Department, Kenya Dairy Board(KDB), Veterinary Service Department, Livestock Production Department, KEPHIS, Horticultural Crops Development Authority (HCDA), Pest Control ProductsBoard, Pharmacy and Poisons Board, Ministry of Water, etc.3 Including inter alia Food, Drugs and Chemical Substances Act, Chapter 254 (1965); Public Health Act, Chap 242; Pharmacy and Poisons Act, Chap 244; MeatControl Act, Chap 356; Dairy Industry Act, Cap 336; Agriculture Produce (Export) Act, Chap 319; Fertilizer and Animal Feeds Act, Chap 345; Fish Industry Act, Cap 378;Fish quality assurance regulations adopted from EU directive 91/493; Fisheries (Safety of Fish, Fishery Products and Fish Feed) Regulations (2007).12

Status Needs Ongoing and plannedassistanceability to undertake microbiological/ - Design monitoring programmes forchemical analyses. 4 Overall diagnostic veterinary drug residues, mycotoxinscapacity is weak.and heavy metals including creationand management of database (forfuture risk assessment).Recommended actions/gapsand heavy metals (equally importantfor export commodities and domesticconsumption).Priority4 KEPHIS laboratories have capacity for pesticide residues (accredited), microbial contaminants and heavy metals (equipped with obsolete equipments);etc. KEBS Chemistry & Microbiology laboratories also accredited.13

6. Animal healthStatus Needs Ongoing and planned assistance Recommended actions/gaps, PriorityAwareness- Growing awareness is observed(at least at technical level) ofcurrent animal disease statusrestricting access to internationalmarkets; policy of establishingdisease free zones is envisaged.- Low awareness of good animalhusbandry and animal healthissues among herders, inslaughterhouses negativelyaffecting exports of meat & meatproducts.- Further increase awareness ofcrucial importance of animalhealth status for Kenya’slivestock and meat exportpotential.- Increase general awarenessraisingand training activitiesamong herders and inslaughterhouses.Institutional and regulatory frameworkDepartment of Veterinary Services Strengthen the capacity of DVS:(DVS) overseas animal healthservices in the country including - to implement sanitary aspects ofanimal disease control; formulation animal diseases;of standards; inspection, licensing - to provide veterinary services toand issuing of animal health small farmers (especially in thecertificates, conductingASAL areas);surveillance of animal health, - Assistance in the drafting ofvaccinations, vaccine production implementing regulations andand distribution and importation of revising/drafting of animalsuitable vaccines, quarantine and health, animal movement,disease free zones based on Animal veterinary act, veterinary drugHealth Act Chap 364, Meat act, aquaculture/aquatic animalControl Act Chap 356, Dairy Act health act, etc.Chap 336, Crop Production &Livestock Ordinance Act Chap 321in addition to its involvement inanimal products (dairy, meat, &poultry products,) and animal feedsafety and quality control;DVS is the chair of the NationalCodex Committee and also a focalpoint for OIE.The following existing and plannedprojects are relevant in the animalhealth sector:- FAO – strengthening diseaseinformation networks and diagnosticcapacity, and improving diseasesurveillance management system(funded by Norway and UN Fund2008-2010).- EC: Participation of African Nationsin Sanitary and PhytosanitaryStandard setting Organizations (PAN-SPSO).- EC/AU-IBAR: Support Programme toIntegrated National Action Plans forAvian and Human Influenza(SPINAP-AHI).- World Bank Group: Promoting longterm investment in livestock in Kenya- USAID/USDA – PASA project onanimal health issues (not yet started,see Annex I).- Increase awareness and trainingactivities at political level, atproducer, association, & technicallevels for all animal productsincluding livestock (meat & dairyproducts), poultry products, etc.- Enhance the public-private sectorinvestment programme and policypackage for meat export throughcreation of disease free zones andcompetent abattoirs considering alltechnical and commercialconstraints.DVS has inadequate capacity toprovide institutional & regulatorysupport related to sanitary services,and the existing animal healthregulations are outmoded (UNIDO,WB).- Strengthen the capacity of DVS interms of competent staff,infrastructures & facilities.- Update the Animal Disease Act &establish related animal healthregulations in line with OIErequirements & streamlined withthe generic food law & otherpectoral laws to be established.- Streamline the mandate &responsibilities of DVS to focus onanimal health and diseases control12321114

Status Needs Ongoing and planned assistance Recommended actions/gaps, PriorityEnforcementDVS endorses the adoption of OIEmeasures on disease free areas, andthe use of risk analysis as a basisfor addressing foodborne diseases.A few of these have beenimplemented in Kenya inconjunction with other NGO andinternational organizations.Weak animal health infrastructure,inspection, monitoring andsurveillance, diagnostic service, riskanalysis capacities & inadequatecompetent staff.DVS has also some capabilities fortesting disease status/animal healthof imports and exports of animalsand animal products, using its labsin Nairobi and Kabete. There arealso five regional labs used fordiagnostic tests by farmersThe Veterinary ServicesDepartment has inadequatecapacity for vaccination ofnotifiable diseases such as footand-mouthdisease to ensure thecountry is declared animal diseasefree by the OIE. In addition, thereis neither a developed monitoringsystem to document diseases andactions taken to eradicate them norestablished traceability system.DVS also maintains officialpresence at some entry points, anda country network of veterinarianswho help in advising farmers ondisease control and diseasesurveillance. DVS has about 1000inspectors (FAO)- Enhance effective surveillancefor animal diseases andstrengthening laboratorydiagnostic capacity.- Strengthen the inspection &monitoring mechanism forcontrol of animal trade andmovement (including wildlife).- Develop a programme(including manuals andprocedures) for diseaseeradication andestablishment/maintenance ofdisease free zones.- Establish "Emergency Fund" fordisease eradication.- Increase the number ofveterinarians at central and locallevels performing animal healthand inspection services and trainadditional veterinary personnelat village level; Develop andimprove inspectionmanuals/guidelines.- Strengthen the capacity of DVSfor animal diseases control,monitoring & surveillanceincluding the vaccinationcapacities.- Improve capacity to performrisk assessment.- Strengthen the risk analysiscapacity to determine the statusof disease free zones in thecountry which is still limited.Strengthen the inspection &monitoring and surveillance throughprovision of regular trainingprogramme and inspection tools &facilities, communication & reportingsystem, incentive packages, etc. foranimal health inspectors.Prioritize & mobilize resource toestablish disease free zones orcompartments.Strengthen the diagnostic capacity toperform risk assessment for selectedOIE list A and related diseases whichhave public health & trade impacts;include CBBP and FMD prioritizedin surveillance programmes andinternational collaboration.23215

7. Plant healthStatus Needs Ongoing and planned assistance Recommended actions/gaps PriorityAwarenessThe “success story” of Kenya’sfresh produce industry and itsprivate-public partnership is amodel that many otherdev§eloping countries would liketo emulate, which illustrates howadopting food safety andagricultural health standards canserve as a catalyst for trade andcompetitiveness (WB).- Intensify efforts to buildpolitical, farmer and privatesector awareness of planthealth matters, GAP, and safeuse of pesticides throughregular awareness programsand training courses.- Increase stakeholderconsultation and participation(including private sector).1This success story creates goodawareness among farmers/privatesector, political, national and tosome extent regional levels whichas well contributes to theestablishment & recognition ofKenya Gap.Institutional and regulatory frameworkKEPHIS responsible to provide - Review of existing institutionsdependable, effective andfor plant protectioncompetitive regulatory service for management and pesticidesensuring quality of agricultural control (including designationinputs and produce based on Plant of NPPO and cost recoveryProtection Act Chap 324; Seeds system)and Plant Varieties Act, Chap - Development of new plant326;. The service related to plant protection legislationhealth include:(including implementing- plant quarantine services for safe regulations) and improvemovement of plant materials; arrangements for pesticide- grading and inspection of registration.products for export and issuanceof phytosanitary certificate;- inspection of imported plantmaterials and checking ofphytosanitary certificates issued- EC – 10 th EDF (2008-2013, with onefocus on capacity building forcompanies and farmers on food safetyissues, including SPS)- Netherlands (WSSD) – supporting theprivate sector, small holders for thedevelopment of horticulture andworking with main partners KFC,FPEAK, KEPHIS, HCDA, & KARIthrough six different projects (Annex1).- FAO - supporting establishment ofphytosanitary control and surveillancesystem (possibly also includingrevision of legislation) (supported byNorway and UN fund) and addressingfruit fly infestation (regionalprogramme seeking funding).- USDA/USDA – PASA projectsincluding creation of phytosanitaryinformation system and addressingfruit fly infestation.- FAO: Management of Bactrocerainvadens and other target pests thatconstrain production and export offruits and vegetables in East Africa.- Also at regional level, STDF isfinancing a project creating an EasternAfrica Centre of PhytosanitaryExcellence including a pest riskanalysis (PRA) unit (implemented byCABI, KEPHIS and University ofNairobi and involving NPPOs ofneighbouring countries).The major outstanding need include(WB)- Intensification of efforts to buildfarmers’ awareness of plantprotection and plant health mattersthrough regular awarenessprograms, especially for smallgrowers.- Institutionalization and preparationof manuals and guidelines for allaspects of export certification,development of computerized datamanagement system andinformation about the requirementsstated by main trading partners.- Enhancing & coordinating theongoing training programmes bydifferent institutions (KEPHIS,HCDA, FPEAK, etc.)- Streamlining regulations onagricultural inputs & seed andpesticide certification processes toregulate price & informal markets& reduce bureaucratic purchasingprocedures.- Updating the existing plant healthrelated regulation in line with SPS& IPPC requirements andstreamlining to avoid possibleduplication, to enhance enforcementmechanisms & optimally utilize theavailable resources.111116

Status Needs Ongoing and planned assistance Recommended actions/gaps Priorityby country of origin;- plant clinics, etc.In addition to KEPHIS, PCDB &HCDA are also mandated toinspection and certification ofagricultural inputs, import &export of fresh produces based onPest Control Products; &Agricultural Produce (Export) ActEnforcementKEPHIS is a semi-autonomousinstitution which regulates thequality of agricultural inputs(including pesticides) & planthealth protection for compliancewith the SPS Agreement 5KEPHIS has a growing number ofcompetent staff including over 60scientists, 100 technical officers &150 support staff, and an annualbudget of around US$ 2 million.HCDA has also inspectors toregister & inspect fruit treenurseries & regulate the industriesthrough licensing & applicationStrengthen pest surveillance &eradication programmes (FAOsupportedregional program).Pest outbreaks, either related totrade or the cross-boundarymigration of pests have beenserious challenges which includelarger grain borer, serpentineleaf; cassava bacterial blight;banana nematode; aschoytablight of cowpeas; fruit fly etc.- Strengthen the on-going effort fordevelopment of a pest surveillance& pest risk analysis system,including a regular reportingmechanism, proper documentedprocedures, a surveillance databasesystem, etc. in line withinternational standard.- Enhancing the certification schemes& the technical competence ofKEPHIS and HCDA inspectors.- Promote & strengthen the analyticalservices provided by KEPHIS.222KEPHIS has diagnostic capacityfor providing seed analysis &certification; fertilizer analysis,soil testing; water testing;chemical contamination;pesticides to verify conformitywith labels; testing for maximumpesticide residue levels.5 activities include issuance of health certificates for import/export of plant materials & foods of plant origin; certify plant material so far from breeders (about 750)& seeds certification (55 registered companies), & conducting research, training & information activities on phytosanitary issues.17

8. Institutional SPS capacityStatus Needs Ongoing and planned assistance Recommended actions/gaps PriorityInstitutional clarity- Establishment of coordination Capacity building needs assessment of Support the ongoing effort forFood safety and agricultural mechanism.FAO and the World Bank reported establishment of the National Food 1health system comprises multipleinstitutions. Little progress hasbeen made in removingoverlapping mandates between thevarious SPS enforcementagencies.- Strategic and detailed reviewtowards rationalization ofinstitutions and functions.- More integration of SPS issuesin planning and expenditureframeworks.indicated the need for establishment ofthe national food safety coordinationsystem and the establishment of theproposed National Food Safety FocalPoint as a strategic intervention project.Safety Focal Point.Private sector- Relatively better awareness andimplementation practices ofEurepGAP/Global GAP &recently Kenya GAP more than600 producers certified forEurpeGAP in the exporthorticulture. Similarly betterawareness and implementationpractices of GHP, GMP,HACCP in the fisheries exportsector. However, limited basicawareness of GAP, GHP, GMP,HACCP and pest and diseasecontrol measures among privatesector/farmers and mostproducers for local production.- Strong producers associationlike FPEAK & AFIPEKsupportive in promoting SPSimprovements. Need tostrengthen other associations.- Inadequate financial andregulatory framework for privateinvestment in meat and dairyprocessing facilities.Research capacity- Relatively better progress hasbeen made in upgrading SPSlaboratory capacity with- More support for privatesector/farmer basic awarenessand training programmes infood safety, animal and planthealth.- Additional support tostrengthen capacity of tradeand industry associations.- Strengthen dialogue throughcreation of mechanism such asNational SPS and TBTCommittee.- Improve financial andregulatory investmentframework .- Gradual upgrading andaccreditation of otherlaboratories and developmentof SPS laboratory planSeveral donors (notably, DFID,Netherlands, Sweden and World Bank)increasingly promote private sector andbusiness development (often throughbasket funds, including food safety andquality).Several donors have providedassistance including GTZ, EU, andUNIDO. UNIDO is currently finalizinga regional (EAC) project which willAssistance to trade associations toadvocate the importance of SPScompliance and provide training totheir members.Upgrade laboratory and surveillancesystem.1218

Status Needs Ongoing and planned assistance Recommended actions/gaps Priorityaccreditation of a number ofaccredited laboratories but theoverall diagnostic capacity needto be strengthened including theresearch laboratories in differentuniversities- Centralization of laboratoryservices denies access toremotely located/ruralpopulation (need for test kits,etc.).(including needs assessments interms of equipment,considering remote areas, andconsidering promotion ofprivate laboratories).focus inter alia on laboratory aspects.International participation- SPS National Enquiry Point andCodex, OIE, IPPC Focal Pointsin place.Additional support to enhancecapacity to attend and play moreactive role in meetings of SPSCommittee, Codex, OIE andIPPC.- WTO regular training programme- Codex, OIE and IPPC Trust Funds- EC- (PAN-SPSO project)- SAID/USDA – PASA projectfocusing on participation ininternational standard setting.Establish national coordinationmechanism. 119

ANNEX IOngoing and planned SPS related technical assistance in KenyaDonor name Project title Short Description Budget(US$ 6 )NationalECGTZNetherlandsUSAID /FINTRAC10 th European DevelopmentFund (EDF)Promotion of Private SectorDevelopment in Agriculture –(PSDA)WSSD Partnership on MarketAccesKenya HorticulturalDevelopment ProgramCountry Strategy Paper and National IndicativeProgramme (2008-2013) signed (9 December 2007); Onefocal sector will be agriculture and rural development(€98.8m or 26% of total). Implementation of the SRAwill be central including reviewing the legal framework,promote market and product development, improveextension, advisory, support and other services, etc.In addition, €16.8m or 4,4% of total) will be directed totrade and private sector development and channeledthrough the Kenya Private Sector Development Strategy(January 2007).The objective is to small and medium-scale enterprises inselected value chains in agriculture to use their marketchances under an optimal farm economic andenvironmentally friendly production method as well asimproved framework conditions. Programme includescomponent on promoting and achieving GlobalGapcertification as an individual (option 1) or as a member ofa farmer group (option 2).Six projects are being implemented- Research and development on diversification ofproducts and markets, and post harvest control in thefloriculture sector (€218,728)- Capacity Building for Effective Phytosanitary Checksand Systems to Enhance Market Access of Kenya’sHorticultural Produce (CABHORT) (€300,000)- Development of appropriate processing technology forhorticulture export by smallholder farmers (€205,850)- Partnership for Market Access for HorticulturalProduce (€76,975)- Encouraging smallholder involvement in exportfloriculture- Capacity Building and Training Requirements of theHorticulture and FloricultureSectors of KenyaThe Kenya Horticultural Development Program aims toincrease incomes in the horticulture sector through cropdiversification, technological improvements, and newmarket linkages. Meeting increasingly stringent exportrequirements (GlobalGap) is an important element of theprogram. Managed by FINTRAC.FAO Other trust funds Various activities to control and prevent avian influenzaand rift valley fever at national and regional level –including development of national preparedness andresponse planFAO TCP/RAF/3102 Support to aquaculture sub-sector in the ripariancountries around Lake Victoria. Total fundingUS$359,999.6 Unless otherwise indicatedAllocation toSPS issues notknownAllocation toSPS issues notknownTotal budgetnot knownAllocation toSPS issues notknownAllocationsnot knownAllocation tocountries andSPS issues notknownDuration2008-20132003-20152006-20082006-20092006-200820

Donor name Project title Short Description Budget(US$ 6 )FAO TCP/RAF/3113 Emergency assistance to control Peste de Petits Allocation toRuminants in the Turkana/Karamoja region. Total countries andfunding US$393,000SPS issues notWorld BankGroupPromoting long terminvestment in livestock inKenyaRegional EAC/COMESAECLake Victoria FisheriesManagement Plan (LVFMP)projectFAOUNIDO/NoradBill andMelinda GatesFoundationSTDFGermany/PTBGermany,Finland,Norway,Sweden andDenmarkAfDB/COMESAManagement of Bactrocerainvadens and other targetpests that constrain productionand export of fruits andvegetables in East AfricaTrade capacity building inagro-industry products for theestablishment and proof ofcompliance with internationalmarket requirementsSupport to Small-Scale CoffeeFarmers in East AfricaCentre of PhytosanitaryExcellence – Eastern AfricaEstablishment of a RegionalQuality Infrastructure in theEast African Community (2 ndphase)EAC Partnership FundAgricultural MarketingPromotion and RegionalIntegration Project (AMPRIP)Under Phase II of the Arid Lands Resource ManagementProject, strategic investments will be undertaken in theestablishment of disease-free zones to facilitate exportand movement of animals, etc.The purpose of developing a Fisheries Management Planis to sustain the livelihoods of the communities whodepend on fishery resources of Lake Victoria and toreduce poverty, food insecurity and unemployment.Includes component on fish handling and storage andupgrading of landing sites. Total budget US$36m.The project aims to develop and implement incollaboration with international and national partnerseffective approaches to reduction of fruit and vegetablelosses due to fruit fly and MSW infestation. Targetcountries: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.Project aims to enhance the capacity of enterprises toproduce according to international market requirements.Project being reformulated to incorporate participation ofRwanda and Burundi. Total budget €3,341,060Programme will work with approximately 180,000 coffeefarmers earning less than US$2 a day with goal ofimproving income through improvement in quality.Implemented by TechnoServe. Regional budgetUS$47m. Country budget not known.The objective of the project is to develop a modelregional training centre on phytosanitary issues –including creation of a regional pest risk analysis (PRA)unit. Project implemented by CABI, KEPHIS. DutchPlant Protection Service, and University of Nairobi(PMU to include regional stakeholders)The focus of the project is on regional standardsharmonization (mainly ISO and TBT-related) includinginter alia mutual recognition of conformity assessmentprocedures and setup of accreditation capacities,strengthening the SQMT coordination function of theEAC Secretariat and revision of the SQMT protocolregarding compatibility with the SQMT Act.Budget for 2007/2008 amounting to US$3.5m. Canadaand DFID expected to join in 2008 taking funds up toUS$5m. Reportedly, SPS capacity building could be onefocus of future activities to be funded if identified aspriority by EAC Secretariat. Proposals for funding to bemade by late April 2008.SPS activities in COMESA region carried out underAMPRIP with focus on capacity building, establishmentof regional reference laboratories, institution of SPS legalframework and establishment of regional technical subcommitteeon SPS measures. Reference labs agreed forknownAllocation toSPS issues notknownAllocation toSPS issues andcountryallocation notknown7,500,000(seekingfunding)Duration2007-20092003-2008(extendedfor landingsiteupgrading)2008-20125,300,000 2006-2010Allocation toSPS issues notknown2008-2011800,000 2008-2010Allocation toSPS issues notknownAllocation toSPS issues notknown2007-20102007-2010? 2005-?21

Donor name Project title Short Description Budget(US$ 6 )food safety (Food Technology laboratory, Mauritius),animal health (Veterinary laboratory, Zambia) and planthealth (KEPHIS, Kenya). Assessment to identifysatellite labs ongoing. Harmonized SPS legal framework(protocol) presented in March 2008 at Ministers ofAgriculture meeting and to be adopted in May 2008 byCOMESA Council of Ministers. Framework includesreference to COMESA Green Pass (CGP) and containsarrangements for regional reference labs as well asadministrative arrangements on overseeingimplementation of SPS programmes in region. COMESATechnical sub-committee on SPS measures held firstmeeting in February 2008.USAID/USDAUSAIDECSupport to key SPS policyobjectives under the AfricanGlobal CompetitivenessInitiative (AGCI)Regional Agriculture TradeExpansion Support (RATES)Regional Integration SupportProgramme (RISP)Regional ACPECProgramme InitiativesPesticides (PIP-COLEACP)The objective is to build capacity of African countries toexport plant, horticultural, and animal productsinternationally (including US). Budget amounts toUS$11.5m over 5 years. Assistance is primarilyimplemented through USAID's regional trade hubs –including Gaborone (Botswana) and Nairobi (Kenya)(including regional SPS advisors). Projects for EastAfrica include:- develop regional phytosanitary information system- develop appropriate phytosanitary mitigation optionsfor trade- conduct pest risk analyses- facilitate COMESA's activities to build SPSinfrastructure- identify and manage SPS problems in East Africa(including fruit fly)- strengthen participation in international standard setting- conduct animal disease risk assessments and identifymitigation measures- - identify products with high export potential for whichfood safety compliance is main barrierObjective is to increase the value and volume ofagricultural trade within the East and Southern Africaregion and between the region and the rest of the world.Total budget US$26m. Among the deliverables are:- regional dairy and maize standards adopted by keycountries involved in 80 percent of the regional trade- COMESA Dairy SPS protocol adopted by theCOMESA Council of Ministers meeting in April 2008and adopted by at least five dairy producing countriesby September 2008This programme aims to develop the capacity of regionaltrade organisations and their member states in issuesrelating to regional integration and trade policy. Itincludes a component of capacity building to developstandards and meet international SPS requirements.Includes rider for COMESA. Total budget €30m.Project objectives are 1) to enable ACP companies tocomply with European food safety and traceabilityrequirements and 2) to consolidate the position of smallscale producers in the ACP horticultural exporters sector.Duration11,500,00 2006-2011allocated toSPS issuesCountryallocations notknownAllocation to ExtensionSPS issues and until 2008countryallocations notknownAllocation toSPS issues notknown2005-2012Allocation to ExtensionSPS issues and until 2008countryallocations not22

Donor name Project title Short Description Budget(US$ 6 )Includes in-depth study of the impact of for ACP knowncountries of the new European SPS regulations onofficial feed and food controls. Total budget €29.1m. Asecond phase of PIP is being considered.ECStrengthening FisheryProducts Health Conditions inACP countriesFocus areas are competent authorities, test laboratories,the fish industry and small-scale fisheries. AIDCO iscurrently preparing tenders for full implementationduring extension period. Four teams are expected to be inplace by April 2008; Total value €46m.EC Trade.com Support for EPA negotiations and integration of ACPstates in world economy. One component focuses onimplementation of WTO Agreements and preparation ofpilot projects with special attention to SPS and TBTissues. Total budget €50m.ECEC/FAO, ITC,UNCTAD,World BankECParticipation of AfricanNations in Sanitary andPhytosanitary Standard settingOrganizations (PAN-SPSO)Support Programme onAgricultural Commodities(including cotton)Strengthening Food SafetySystems through sanitary andphytosanitary (SPS) measuresEC/AU-IBAR Support Programme toIntegrated National ActionPlans for Avian and HumanInfluenza (SPINAP-AHI)EC/AU-IBAR Somali Ecosystem RinderpestEradication Coordination Unit(SERECU)ECPesticides InitiativeProgramme (PIP–COLEACP).More effective participation of African countries in theactivities of OIE, IPPC and Codex AlimentariusCommission during formulation of internationalstandards on food safety, animal, and plant health.Project implemented by AU-IBAR and AU-IAPSC.Total project budget €3.85m. Project to start inNovember 2008.Strengthen capacities to develop and implementsustainable commodity strategies that improve farmers'productivity and their rural livelihoods and reduceincome vulnerability (including inter alia elaboratingstrategies covering critical parts of the commoditieschain; supporting diversification; helping integratecommodities dependent countries in the internationaltrading system). Still under negotiation. Total estimatedbudget US$54m.The objective of the programme is to improve thecontribution of food and feed trade to poverty reductionin beneficiary countries. The aim is to establish riskbasedfood and feed safety systems for export productsACP countries that are in line with regional, internationaland EU SPS standards. Tendering process on-going.The project aims to contribute to the socio-economicimpact of AHI and the potential loss of human lives andto strengthen national capacities to prevent and controlAHI. Expected outcomes include strengthened capacityfor early detection and rapid response to AHI at nationallevels, information and awareness raising activities. Totalbudget amounts to €22.5m.The purpose of the project is to ensure OIE accreditationof freedom from Rinderpest. Includes Nort EasternKenya (being part of Somali ecosystem). Total budgetamounts to €4.35m.This program has two overriding objectives (1) to enablecompanies to comply with European food safety andtraceability requirements, and (2) to consolidate theposition of small-scale producers in the ACPhorticultural export sector.East Africaallocation10,000,000Individualcountryallocations notknownAllocation toSPS issues andcountryallocations notknownCountryallocations notknownDurationExtensionuntil 20102004-20092008-2010Allocations to 2008-2011SPS issues andcountryallocations notknown45,000,000(estimatedbudget).Countryallocations notknownAllocations toSPS issues andcountryallocations notknown2008-20122007-2010€4.35m 2007-200937,856,000 2001-200823

Donor name Project title Short Description Budget(US$ 6 )EC DG Aidco Strengthening Food SafetySystems through SPSMeasures in ACP countriesRegional Africa wideSIDA Trade Policy Training Centrein Africa (TRAPCA)Assists ACP countries in improving their food safetysystems to be compliant with SPS requirements. Theoverall objective is to improve the contribution of foodand feed trade to poverty reduction in beneficiarycountries. Project implemented by the African Union.TRAPCA is attached to the Eastern and Southern AfricaManagement Institute (ESAMI) in Arusha and willprovide training through an Executive MastersProgramme in Trade Policy and shorter courses,seminars, and workshops (including training on SPS).Total budget amounts to US$14m.Duration38,400,000 15/12/200631/12/2012Allocation toSPS issues notknown2006-201024

ANNEX IIReferencesAbegaz, M. (2007). Trade Capacity Building in Agro-Industry Products for the establishment and Proof ofCompliance with International Market Requirements. UNIDO, Vienna.Brattinga, P. (2007). Overview of SPS related assistance for Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda (2001-2006).Report presented on 30 September 2007 at Aid for Trade workshop Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.European Commission (2006). Final report of a mission carried out in Kenya from 21 -31 March 2006 inorder to assess the public health controls and the conditions of production of fishery products. Food andVeterinary Office, Dublin.FAO/WHO (2005). National Food Safety Situation in Kenya. FAO/WHO Regional Conference on FoodSafety for Africa. FAO, Rome.FAO/WHO (2005). Kenya Food Safety Situation. FAO/WHO Regional Conference on Food Safety forAfrica. FAO, Rome.FAO/WHO (2005). Prioritization and Coordination of Capacity Building Activities in Kenya. FAO/WHORegional Conference on Food Safety for Africa. FAO, Rome.Henson, S. (2007). Review of Case Studies and Evaluations of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Capacity: Kenya,Tanzania and Uganda. Report presented on 30 September 2007 at Aid for Trade workshop Dar es Salaam,Tanzania.Molins, R. and Gitonga, N. (2006). Assessment of capacity Building Needs of the Food Control System.Republic of Kenya. FAO, Rome.USAID (2008). East Africa Value Chain Assessment. Desk Study, Final Edition. USAID East AfricaRegional Mission, Nairobi.World Bank (2005): The role of Standards under Kenya’s Export Strategy. World Bank, Washington DCWorld Bank (2007). Kenya: Unleashing the Potential for Trade and Growth. Report No. 37688-KE. CountryDepartment for Kenya, Africa Region.WTO (2002). Technical Assistance: Response to the Questionnaire. Submission by Kenya.G/SPS/GEN/295/Add.21. WTO, Geneva.WTO (2006) Trade Policy Review: Kenya. World Trade Organization, Geneva.WTO (2006) Implementation of the SPS Agreement: Communication from Kenya. G/SPS/GEN/660. WTO,Geneva.25

ANNEX IIINotes to the balance sheet:The tables presents for each area of food safety, animal and plant health (sections 5-7) the current status andneeds of SPS capacities (in general terms), assistance provided by donors and identified gaps with priorities.For each area, there are three sub-components: awareness, regulation and enforcement. In addition to thethree areas, there are separate parts for market access (section 4) and overall institutional capacity (section 8).The columns are explained below. The top of the table (section 1-3) is an introduction and summary of thegaps identified - including those gaps that are of most and immediate concern – and a brief note on trends indonor assistance.ColumnsStatusNeedsAssistanceGapsPrioritiesNotesThe capacities are based on existing capacity assessments and evaluations and other availablestudies (see references in Annex II) and updated in interviews with stakeholders ingovernment, private sector, donor and international agencies (see list of contacts in AnnexIV).Obtained from the same sources.Donor activities are taken from the projects identified in the research work prepared for theDar es Salaam Aid for Trade workshop (see references, Annex II) and updated in interviewswith donor agencies. A full list of the main planned SPS projects and programmes isincluded in Annex I.These are needs that have not been addressed by present or forthcoming donor work. Thegaps have been discussed and verified in interviews and meetings.Priority scales used:1 – high and immediate priority;2 – medium-term priority; and3 – low and long-term priorityPrinciples used for prioritization:• Impact• Costs and benefits• Sequencing• Rule of law: major investment in diagnostics and inspection has to be preceded by legal frameworkand risk management26

ANNEX IVList of persons met/contacted in Kenya (31 March – 4 April 2008)Name Function Telephone E-mailMr Elijah ManyaraMr Bramah KaleveMr Bernard AyuguMr Mathias WafulaMr OkumuMakogolaMs Lucy ObunguDr Simon KimaniDr StanleyMbwiriaDr J. JalangioDr D.K. KamguMr WashingtonOtienoSenior Assistant Director, Department ofExternal Trade, Ministry of Trade andIndustry (MTI)Trade Officer, Department of ExternalTrade (MTI)Director of Fisheries, FisheriesDepartment, Ministry of Livestock andFisheries Development (MLFD)Deputy Director of Fisheries, FisheriesDepartment (MLFD)Assistant Director of Fisheries, FisheriesDepartment (MLFD)Chief Fisheries Officer, FisheriesDepartment, (MLFD)Chief Veterinary Field Officer,Department of Veterinary Services(MLFD)Head Laboratory, Department ofVeterinary Services (MLFD)Head Food Safety, Department ofVeterinary Services (MLFD)Head Disease Control, Department ofVeterinary Services (MLFD)Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service(KEPHIS)+254 20 315001+254 20 251830emanyara@tradeandindustry.go.ke+254 726 524004 bramahlito@yahoo.com+254 20 3742320+254 724 560164samaki@saamnet.comayugubk@yahoo.com+254 20 3742320 samaki@saamnet.com+254 733 715619 mwafula@hotmail.com+254 733 252032 okumumak@yahoo.co.uk+254 20 3742320+254 722 385671+254 20 2700705+254 722 230347nyanduro@yahoo.comsamaki@saamnet.comsynjengere@yahoo.comskimani@dvskabete.go.ke+254 722 895968 stankooro@yahoo.com+254 722 380360 jjalangio2000@yahoo.com+254 722 645996 dkkamgu@yahoo.com+254 20 3536171/2+254 722516221/733874274/ 722427097wotieno@kephis.orgMs Rachel Ntoyai Senior Plant Inspector (KEPHIS) +254 20 3536171 rntoyai@kephis.org+254 733 874274Mr John Karinki Deputy Chief Public Health, Ministry of +254 722495458 jogkarinki@yahoo.comHealthMr VincentNgurareManaging Commissioner, Kenya MeatCommission (KMC)+254 45 26041 pa@kenyameat.co.keceo@kenyameat.co.keMr Machira Managing Director, Kenya Dairy Board +254 20 310559 pgichohi@kdb.co.keGichohi(KDB)+254 722573432Mr Titus Ruhiu Chief Executive, Kenya NationalChamber of Commerce & Industry(KNCCI)+254 20 2220867 kncci@swiftkenya.comMr Agayo Ogambi Manager, Kenya Trade Point Nairobi(KNCCI)+254 20 2220867 kncci@swiftkenya.comagayoo@yahoo.comMr Peter Opiyo Chief Pesticide Analyst, Pest Control +254 20 4441804 pcpboard@todays.co.keProducts Board (PCPB)Mr M. Wangai Standards Officer, Kenya National +254 20 6948332 wangaim@kebs.orgBureau of Standards (KEBS)Mr Isaac Mwgenya Laboratory Analyst (KEBS) +254 722 416867 mwgenya@kebs.orgMr John Kabue Senior Quality Assurance Officer +254 722823586 kabuej@kebs.org(KEBS)Mr Edward Documentation and Information Officer +254 725115610 chonelwaj@kebs.orgChonelwa (KEBS)Mr Gisme Neuben Principal Standards Officer +254 20 6948000 reubengo@kebs.org27

EAC/COMESA +254 734761005Mr Samuel Enjolo SSO (KEBS) +254 722315165 enjolo@kebs.orgDr Alfred Serem Managing Director, Horticultural CropsDevelopment Authority (HCDA)+254 20 3516993+254 722 974632md@hcda.orgaserem2001@yahoo.comMs SusanSenior Horticultural Officer (HCDA) +254 20 827260/1/2 hcdamd@wananchi.comWambuguMs Grace Kyallo Senior Horticultural Manager (HCDA) +254 20 827260/1/2 hcdamd@wananchi.comgracekyallo@yahoo.comMs L.W. Waithala General Manager, Small and Medium +254 20 2228534 lwaithala@epc.or.orgEnterprise Development (EPC)Mr Charles Tumbo Assistant Manager, Supply Chain +254 20 2228534Development, Export Promotion Council(EPC)Mr George Odido Manager (EPC) +254 20 2228534 gudira@epc.or.keMr Stephen Mbithi Chief Executive, Fresh Produce +254 20 4451488 chiefexecutive@fpeak.orgExporters Association Kenya (FPEAK) +254 722 716956Mr Cosmas Technical Manager (FPEAK) +254 20 4451488 cosmas.kyengo@fpeak.orgKyengoMs Beth Wagude Executive Officer, Association of FishProcessors Kenya (AFIPEK)+254 20 4440858+254 722 687971beth.wagude@afipek.orgafipek@accesskenya.co.keMr Dick Bruinsma Counsellor for Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda +254 20 4450137 dick.bruinsma@minbuza.nl& UNEP, Embassy of the NetherlandsMr Lloyd Garcia Regional SPS Advisor, USAID EastAfrica+254 20 8622322+254 728 608442lgarcia@usaid.govlloyd.garcia@gmail.comDr Eberhard Krain Deputy Programme Manager (GTZ) +254 728 156948 eberhard.krain@gtz.deMs Margaret Orina Programme Manager (GTZ) +254 722 821968 margaret_orina@yahoo.comm.orina@gtzpsda.co.keMs Margaret Will Consultant (GTZ) +254 20 340520 psda@gtzpsda.co.kemargaret.will@gmx.netDr Castro P. FAO Representative in Kenya +254 20 2725069/ FAO-KE@fao.orgCamarada2725359Dr Medhat El- Economist, African Union Inter-African +254 20 3674203 medhat.elhelepi@au-ibar.orgHelepiBureau for Animal Resources, AU-IBAR +254 736161034Mr Peter Sturesson Counselor, Rural Development, +254 20 2713020/1 peter.sturesson@ec.europa.euEuropean Union (EU)Ms Riika Torppa Economist, Political and Trade Section +254 20 2713020/1 riika.torppa@ec.europa.eu(EU)Dr Maria Pia Agricultural Economist (EU) +254 20 2713020/1 maria-pia.palleschi@ec.europa.euPalleschiMr David Mwangi Rural Development Officer (EU) +254 20 2802000 mwangi.njuru@ec.europa.euNjuru+254 733761206Ms Annika NordinJayawardenaCounsellor, Head of DevelopmentCooperation Kenya Swedish Embassy+254 204234000+254 734746824annika.jayawardena@foreignministry.se(SIDA)Mr Japhet Kiara Programme Officer, Rural Development +254 20 4234047 japhet.kiara@foreignministry.se(SIDA)+254 733758617Mr Hans Hendrik Counsellor Development, Danish +254 20 4451460 hahmad@um.dkMadsenEmbassy+254 722515317Dr Sarah Simmons Global Director, Invasive Species, +254 20 7224450 s.simons@cabi.org(CABI)Ms Florence Chege Project manager (CABI) +254 20 7224450 f.w.chege@cabi.org28