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The Vatican & JerusalemannexesEmigration trends within the Palestinian Christian populationSince the early 1990s, the main factor for thedecline of the Christian population is emigration.Indeed, the level of emigration within theChristian communities in Palestine is relativelyhigh to the extent that it almost levels out withthe natural growth level. According to Diyar’srecent study entitled “The Presence of Christiansin the West Bank and Their Attitudes TowardsChurch Related Organizations,” most of thosewho choose to emigrate amongst the Christiansof Palestine are mainly motivated by the lack offreedom and security. The second main concernand motivation for emigration is the deterioratingeconomic situation in Palestine. On the scale ofPalestinian Catholics attending mass on AshWednesday in the Church of the Annunciationin Beit Jala, West Bank. © UPI / Debbie Hillmain causes of emigration, the latter is followed by political instability in the region, then by pursue ofeducation abroad. At the bottom of the scale are family reunification, fleeing religious extremism andfinding a spouse. 1 In relation to emigration trends amongst the Christian denominations, and accordingto a small select sample, Palestine had lost, thus far, about 61 percent of its Armenian Orthodox, 50percent Assyrian Orthodox, 32 percent Arab Greek Orthodox, 28 percent Roman Catholic, 15 percentGreek Catholic, and 8 percent Protestant. 21 Al Qass Collings, Rania; Odeh Kassis, Rifat; Raheb, Mitri. “Palestinian Christians in the West Bank. Facts, Figures andTrends,” op.cit.2 Cf. Rishmawi, Saliba, ‘'A Research Study Report on the Influence of Arab Christian Emigration on the Churches and ItsHolistic Ministry in the Bethlehem Region of the Holy Land,” 2007. www.elcjhl.orgJerusalem’s ChristiansSource: Sabella Bernard “Socio-Economic Characteristics and the Challenges to Palestinian Christians in the Holy Land,”in Christians in the Holy Land, edited by Michael Prior and William Taylor, The World of Islam Festival Trust,London, 1994, pp.34-35.Jerusalem’s Christian Denominations:• Greek Orthodox: 3,500• Latins: 3,900• Greek Catholics: 500• Syriacs: 250• Protestants: 850• Armenians*: 1,500• Copts*: 250• Ethiopians*: 60• Maronites*: 100• Total: 10,910(*The figures are inclusive of the West Bank, but the major concentration is in Jerusalem.)The Decline of Jerusalem’s Christians: A Sad Example of Dwindling Numbers“Jerusalem, the city where the ‘Mother Church’ originated, provides a dramatic example of the effectsof the dwindling numbers of its Christians. While Jerusalem’s Christians are blessed with probably thehighest ‘church per capita’ in the world with one church for every 177 Christians, the decline in thenumber of Jerusalem Christians continues. Emigration is responsible for this decline as the politicalconditions, especially since 1967, have pushed many Palestinians out of their country. The extent of theChristian decline is best understood by the fact that in 1944 there were 29,350 Christians living in the city;today, Jerusalem’s Christian population is only 35.5% of what it used to be 50 years ago. There is concernby some, both Church officials and experts, that if preventative and curative steps are not undertaken,then the dwindling of Christian numbers will continue unabated eventually causing the disappearance ofcommunity life in some of Jerusalem’s churches.”96 97
The Vatican & JerusalemannexesTimelinePOPESDate of election – date of death or abdication• Pope Leo XIII (Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci)20/02/1878 – 20/07/1903• Pius X (Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto)04/08/1903 – 20/08/1914• Benedict XV (Giaccomo Della Chiesa)03/09/1914 – 22/01/1922• Pius XI (Ambrogio Damiano)06/02/1922 – 10/02/1939• Pius XII (Eugenio Maria Pacelli)02/03/1939 – 09/10/1958• John XXIII (Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli)28/10/1958 – 03/06/1963• Paul VI (Giovanni Battista Montini)21/06/1963 – 06/08/1978• John Paul I (Albino Luciani)26/08/1978 – 29/09/1978• John Paul II (Karol Wojtyla)16/10/1978 – 02/04/2005• Benedict XVI (Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger)19/04/2005 – PresentEVENTS• 638-1099: Muslim rule (Rashidun, 638-661; Umayyad, 661-750; Abbasid, 750-969; Fatimid, 969-1073: Seljuq, 1073-1099).• 1099-1187: Crusader Rule; Jerusalem becomes capital of the Latin Kingdom; presence of the LatinChurch in Jerusalem is officially inaugurated.• 1187-1517: Muslim Sultan Salah Eddin Al-Ayyubi defeats the Crusaders and re-establishes Muslimrule in Jerusalem: Ayyubids, 1187-1260; Mamelukes, 1260-1517.Muslim Ottoman Rule: 1517 – 1917• 1604: In the capitulations (agreements) of May 20, the French King Henry IV secures from theOttoman Sultan Ahmad I the insertion of two clauses relative to the protection of pilgrims and ofthe religious in charge of the church of the Holy Sepulcher, instituting France’s role as protector ofChristian communities and properties in the Levant.• 1774: An agreement with the Ottoman Emperor makes Russia the protector of the Orthodoxcommunities and institutions in the region.• 1847: The Latin patriarchate of Jerusalem is re-established by the Ottoman Statute.• 1852: A firman of the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Majid introduces the concept of status quo.• 1853: Crimean War begins.• 1874: The Sublime Porte gives Jerusalem a unique statute in the Empire, placing it directly underthe authority of Istanbul.• 1878: The Treaty of Berlin gives international recognition to the concept of status quo.• 1887: Pope Leo XIII issues the motu proprio “Domini et Salvatoris,” in which he calls for theestablishment of a Catholic fund meant to preserve the holy places in the Holy Land.• 1897: First Zionist Congress in Basle, Switzerland.• 1917, Nov. 2: Balfour Declaration.98 99
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