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<strong>Report</strong> on the Berlin 2 OpenAccess ConferenceMay 12-13, 2004 at CERN/GenevaPeter Fabian reports on the Berlin 2 Open Access Conference; read further news regarding EGU’s ACP journal.EGU’s and other societies’ move to Open-Access-free-to-all publications is a move to the future which will notleave commercial publishers and other publishing societies unaffected.<strong>Report</strong> on Berlin 2 Open Access Conference at CERN/Genevaby Peter Fabian, EGU PresidentJuly 14, 2004.- The European Geoscience Union(EGU) is Signatory to the Berlin Declaration on “Open Ac-cessto Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities” resulting from aConference initiated by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft October20-22, 2003 in Berlin. The Berlin 2 Open Access Con-ferencetook place May 12-13, 2004 at CERN. Its aim was to have statusreports by the Signatories and to prepare the “Road Map”for future developments and actions. In a special Cerenomyfollowed by a Press Conference the Berlin Declaration wassigned by the CERN Director General thus making CERN aSignatory as well.Most of the Singatories were represented and gave briefstatus reports. Representing EGU I reported on the EGU publicationstrategies and efforts with new e-based open accessjournals. It was quite interesting to note that, while other organizationsare still in the planning stages, EGU can reportthat open access is already achieved in the whole array ofEGU publications. Accordingly, my EGU report was receivedwith high attention and applauded as an example of where OAshould go. The EGU strategy has not only shown that OA ispossible, it has moreover demonstrated already that OA is superiorto conventional publication systems.The Road Map document clearly states that OA is the replacementfor the conventional schol-arly communication paradigmand not its second class counterpart. While the BerlinDeclara-tion is the vision, the roadmap describes first stepstowards OA implementation: Education and Awareness, signatoriesencourage learned societies to support OA, createawareness at the leadership level that OA is no second classdissemination, favor OA proactively by fund-ing incentives andmake it transparent that OA is also beneficial for evaluationprocesses on individual and institutional levels. The signatoriesaddress in a coordinated way the legal framework of OA,for sustainable technical infrastructure facilitating retrieval ofOA material, and address business models for open access.It is planned that the signatories report on implementationand updating of the roadmap in a series of meetings. Throughoutthe coming years, these are planned to be organized every6 months by the “drivers group” MPG, CNRS, CERN andothers. The Roadmap document is accessible on the Internetvia www.zim.mpg.de/openaccess-cern/program_prelim.html.(The Berlin Declaration and its signatories can be foundat The Eggs, issue 5, http://www.the-eggs.org/news.php?typeid=0&id=120)EGU’s Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) Open Accessjournal has been a great successby ACP Executive Editors U. Pöschl, K. S. Carslaw, T.Koop, R. Sander, W. T. Sturges, on behalf of the ACP EditorialBoardThe recently released ISI journal citation report 2003brought some very good news for ACP:The ACP impact factor has grown from the preliminaryvalue of 0.7 in 2002 to 2.3 in 2003, which is well among thevalues of traditional high quality atmospheric science journals.The immediacy index has increased from 0.41 (2002) to 0.76(2003) and is the highest among the atmospheric science journals.The citation report 2003 confirms that only two years afterits launch ACP was already well established among the highquality atmospheric science journals.The timely publication of high quality papers is the primaryaim of ACP, and we will strive to further improve the qualityand visibility of the work that we publish. At the same time,we would like to emphasize that the ambitions of ACP extendbeyond the publication of high quality manuscripts with highvisibility and favorable citation statistics.The innovative two-stage publication process with interactivepeer review and public discussion has greatly enhancedthe value of the work that appears in ACP. The published refereecomments, additional comments from the scientific community,and author replies have added a wealth of complementaryinformation to the peer-reviewed scientific articles, which hasnot been publicly available in traditional scientific journals.We would like to thank the authors, referees, and othermembers of the scientific community for their support, and wehope that they will continue to support ACP in its effort to fosterand improve scientific publishing, discussion, and quality assurance.THE EGGS 18
The earth’s protective ozone layerstill remains vulnerableIOC Secretary Christos Zerefos reports from the last QOSAs we reposrted in the previous issue, the 20th Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, coinciding with the 20th anniversaryfrom the detection of the Antarctic ozone hole, was held in Kos, Greece, 1-8 June 2004. Christos S.Zerefos, host of the meeting and Secretary of the International Ozone Commission, presents a briefing of theSymposium results.The twentieth Quadrennial Symposiumon Atmospheric Ozone coincided with the 20th anniversaryof the discovery of the springtime Antarctic ozone hole.It also marked two decades of intensified atmospheric monitoringglobally and basic research in atmospheric chemistry andphysics. The progress in our understanding of the impact ofhuman activities on the chemistry and physics of the globalstratosphere since the previous Quadrennial Ozone Symposiumwas presented among the 690 research papers at theXX Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, held in Kos, Greece, 1-8June 2004 and attended by 450 scientists from 60 countries.The papers presented and the proceedings of the Symposiumcan be found at www.QOS2004.gr.Among the important topics discussed at the Symposiumwere recent research on possible ozone recovery, results froman expanded network of satellites and ground-based stations,ozone-climate interactions, modeling and chemistry, resultsfrom monitoring of the global composition of the tropospherefrom satellites and measurements of UV-B solar radiationreaching ground level among others.Evidence was presented that ozone in the past few yearsis a little higher than we expect from earlier projections basedon sensitivity of ozone to influences of aerosols, halogen compoundsand the solar cycle. There may be the beginning of arecovery in the data, an issue that it was shown to be complicatedby a number of factors among which prominent role isplayed by changes in meteorology, greenhouse gases and inthe radiation balance, not excluding the observed recovery ofthe ozone layer from its perturbation by the Pinatubo volcaniceruption in the early 90s. The evaluation of future ozone recoveryin a changing climate and the effect of ozone on thatclimate has shown the importance of feedback mechanismsand water vapour content in a warmer planet.The need of the continuation of well-calibrated instrumentsand measurements was extensively discussed and emphasiswas given to the use of satellite and ground-based data (exampleNDSC and the Global Ozone Observing System) to evaluatemodels and ozone loss and its expected recovery.Numerous chemistry/climate models were presented at theconference. They addressed the problem of how changes inthe meteorology or climate interact with changes in the chemistryof ozone. One problem is how changes in meteorologyover the last 25 years may have contributed to observed ozonechanges and feedback mechanisms. Models can then be usedto extrapolate that knowledge to what may happen in the futurewith the expected increase in methane, nitrous oxide, andcarbon dioxide.Significant new work that combines satellite and in situ observationswith model calculations was presented at the Symposiumproviding an insight into the budget of oxides of nitrogenand a range of halogen species, which are indispensableto our understanding of the global carbon and hydrological cycles.Water vapour presents a particularly important challenge.Satellite data, shown at the meeting, are not consistent in trendwith previous ground-based data. Understanding the feedbackmechanisms between water vapour content, ozone, and polarstratospheric clouds is critical to the evaluation of predictionsof ozone in a future warmer global atmosphere.Significant progress was made in monitoring the troposphericozone budget with the development of new observationaltechniques from satellites, combined with models of thetropospheric composition. It turns out that the key factors influencingthe tropospheric ozone budget (precursors, long-rangetransport in the troposphere and intrusions from the stratosphere)make the determination and attribution of troposphericozone trends difficult.Long-range transport of tropospheric pollution and itscoupling to climate was targeted in a number of studies usingclimate/chemistry models. Other studies have shown theimportance of long-range transport of pollutants to maintainregionally high back ground levels of tropospheric ozone. Forexample, NASA’s satellites and balloons reveal that seasonalepisodes of high ozone over south Atlantic begin with pollutionsources originating thousands of miles away.Future UV-B levels for 2000-2019 are predicted to decreasefor all seasons but the trends are typically not statistically significant,except during spring over both hemispheres. UV-Btrends are mainly caused by the total ozone trends because inthe future cloud changes are predicted to be small in the coupledchemistry climate model used in these results. Nonetheless,there is a region over Western Europe which is predictedto show an increase in UV-B due primarily to a decrease inTHE EGGS 19
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