55th Inaugural Lecture - 2007 by Prof. O. Akaranta - University of ...

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of lignocellulosic materials for chips, while red onion andpeanut skins have been used as sources of phenols foradhesives in the production of particle boards (Odozi et al,1986). Performance evaluation results of the boards showedthat boards produced using agricultural residues were superiorto the commercial grade boards made from wood chips andusually bonded with modified urea-formaldehyde resinadhesives.Jute stick which is obtained as an agricultural residuefrom jute cultivation has three major components: α -cellulose 41%, pentosan 22% and lignin 23%. Ligninrecovered from the spent liquor of soda pulping of jute stickhas been used for the production of lignin – phenolformaldehyde resins. The resins were then used as adhesives toproduce particle boards from jute stick chips (Roy et al, 1989).Activated CarbonsDyes and pigments in some industrial effluents are oftendischarged into receiving rivers and their high degree of colouris easily detectable and detracts the aesthetic value of a river.The removal of these dyes and pigments from such effluents inan economic manner is still posing some challenges, even14
though a number of adsorption techniques have beendeveloped for their removal from effluents (Robinson et al,2001).In order to reduce the cost of treating industrialeffluents, coconut shell, an agricultural residue has beenconverted into decolourising carbons and successfully used toremove dyes and pigments from effluents (Singh and Raman,1976). Palm Kernel shell has also been used for the productionof activated carbons suitable for the removal of dyes fromsolutions (Odozi and Akaranta, 1986). Granular Activatedcarbons (GACs) have been produced from other agriculturalresidues (Johns and Marshall, 1994). The GACs are capable ofqualitatively removing metal ions from effluents. Therefore, itis now possible to produce from agricultural residues activatedcarbons that are capable of removing dyes, pigments and metalions from industrial effluents.FurfuralPentosan containing agricultural residues yield furfural upontreatment with mineral acids.15
Page 1 and 2: UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURTAGRO WAS
Page 3 and 4: The Vice - Chancellor, Sir,Members
Page 6 and 7: Table 1: Residues from the Processi
Page 8 and 9: usually used in the production of s
Page 10 and 11: Orange Seed and Peel OilsAll seeds
Page 12 and 13: satisfied International Standards O
Page 14 and 15: Figure 2:A Red Onion Skin Extract A
Page 18 and 19: Pentosan an aldopentose furfural(in
Page 20 and 21: HOHOOH + ClCH 2COONaalkalinesolutio
Page 22 and 23: peel has been reported as a good po
Page 24 and 25: with superphosphates and used as co
Page 26 and 27: (Azbar et al 2004). The methods inc
Page 28 and 29: polymerized onion skin is highly ef
Page 30 and 31: substrate is in the following decre
Page 32 and 33: Figure 3: A Schematic Representatio
Page 34 and 35: alternatives to the non-renewable r
Page 36 and 37: into our environment. The guideline
Page 38 and 39: CONCLUDING REMARKSMr. Vice - Chance
Page 40 and 41: REFERENCESAdebowale, E.A (1985), No
Page 42 and 43: Akaranta, O. and Anusiem, A.C. I. (
Page 44 and 45: Halliday, D. (1975), Animal Blood a
Page 46 and 47: Thickeners in Latex Paints, Carbohy
Page 48 and 49: Critical Review on Current Treatmen

55th Inaugural Lecture - 2007 by Prof. O. Akaranta - University of ...

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