55th Inaugural Lecture - 2007 by Prof. O. Akaranta - University of ...

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with superphosphates and used as compound fertilizer(Divakaran, 1982). The nutritive value of animal bloods fromabattoirs has been reported (Neelakantan, 1975) and usedprimarily as a source of protein (Halliday, 1975).Blood char is a form of activated carbon from animalblood. It serves as an adsorbent, capable of adsorbing gasesmany times its volume. Blood char selectively adsorbscolouring matters from solutions under specified conditionsand is thus used as industrial decolourant, particularly in thesugar industry, and in gas masks (Mattson and Mark, 1971;Smisek and Cerry, 1977).Animal blood has been used for the production ofblood albumin (Divakaran, 1982). It is usually obtained fromcoagulated animal blood. Commercially available bloodalbumin usually called dried blood serum is a cheap substitutefor egg albumin powder. Blood albumin is often used to obtainlighter coloured protein finishes for leather and gives highlustre without altering the breathing property, unlike syntheticresin finishes that block the pores in leather. Blood albumin issoluble in water and in suitable concentrations provides highlytacky solutions that give firm adhesive properties. The22
substrate joints that are bonded with blood albumin basedadhesives can be made water resistant by heat or formaldehydetreatment.AGRO-WASTES IN EFFLUENTS TREATMENTThe input of metal ions from effluents, particularly fromindustrial processes, has been of much concern toenvironmental protection agencies because of the possibleecological consequences of discharging such effluents intoreceiving waters. Metal poisoning from wastewater occurred inMinamata Bay in Japan in 1953 when a factory using mercurycompounds as raw materials discharged its effluents into thesurrounding river. This resulted in the death of many peoplewho consumed fish from the river (Ui,1992). Environmentalprotection agencies such as Federal Environmental ProtectionAgency (FEPA) and United States Environmental ProtectionAgency (USEPA) have put in a lot of efforts to set the limits ofvarious toxic metals in effluents before they are dischargedinto the receiving environment.Industrial effluents treatment systems employ a varietyof physical and / or chemical methods in treatment plants.23
Page 1 and 2: UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURTAGRO WAS
Page 3 and 4: The Vice - Chancellor, Sir,Members
Page 6 and 7: Table 1: Residues from the Processi
Page 8 and 9: usually used in the production of s
Page 10 and 11: Orange Seed and Peel OilsAll seeds
Page 12 and 13: satisfied International Standards O
Page 14 and 15: Figure 2:A Red Onion Skin Extract A
Page 16 and 17: of lignocellulosic materials for ch
Page 18 and 19: Pentosan an aldopentose furfural(in
Page 20 and 21: HOHOOH + ClCH 2COONaalkalinesolutio
Page 22 and 23: peel has been reported as a good po
Page 26 and 27: (Azbar et al 2004). The methods inc
Page 28 and 29: polymerized onion skin is highly ef
Page 30 and 31: substrate is in the following decre
Page 32 and 33: Figure 3: A Schematic Representatio
Page 34 and 35: alternatives to the non-renewable r
Page 36 and 37: into our environment. The guideline
Page 38 and 39: CONCLUDING REMARKSMr. Vice - Chance
Page 40 and 41: REFERENCESAdebowale, E.A (1985), No
Page 42 and 43: Akaranta, O. and Anusiem, A.C. I. (
Page 44 and 45: Halliday, D. (1975), Animal Blood a
Page 46 and 47: Thickeners in Latex Paints, Carbohy
Page 48 and 49: Critical Review on Current Treatmen

55th Inaugural Lecture - 2007 by Prof. O. Akaranta - University of ...

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