Manitoba's Electric Vehicle Road Map - Government of Manitoba

the numbers game:how manitoba stacks upThere are currently more than 700,000motorized vehicles operating inManitoba. All but a select few requirefossil fuels (gasoline or diesel) tooperate. Manitobans use about 1.5billion litres of gasoline and one billionlitres of diesel fuel annually.Our overall fuel consumption per vehicleis also fairly high. For example, theaverage gasoline-powered vehicle usesaround 15 litres per one-hundredkilometres. This high fuel consumptionis due, in part, to Manitoba’s cold winterconditions. As well, a great many lighttrucks and SUVs are purchased byManitobans, particularly in urban areas.Manitoba does produce some crudeoil, but quantities are limited, and it’sexported for further processing. Thekey fact is, all refined gasoline and dieselbought at the pump is imported intoManitoba, so the payment for these fuelsflows out of province.Paying for our reliance on fossil fuel hasbecome Manitoba’s number-one energyweakness. By the mid-1990s, the moneyleaving Manitoba to pay for all importedfossil fuels was about $1 billionannually. In 2011, this amount has morethan doubled – it’s in the range of $2 to$3 billion annually.That money is lost to Manitoba’seconomy. As the costs of fossil fuelsincreases, those losses will continue togrow. Every 20-cent increase at the pumpequates to roughly $500 million moreleaking from the Manitoba economy. Thisis enough to pay the entire annualelectricity bill of every Manitoba family.The fossil fuel used for transportation isalso one of the largest sources of GHGemissions in Manitoba – more thanseven million tonnes. Transportationrepresents more than one-third of all theManitoba GHG emissions.manitoba’selectrifyingadvantagesIt only makes sense for Manitobans touse electric and plug-in hybrid electricvehicles to the greatest extent possible.We have “green” fuelManitoba Hydro is well-recognizedfor having the highest proportion ofrenewable electricity generation (98 percent-plus) in its grid-mix in all of NorthAmerica. With new hydroelectric andwind projects, we can even surpass that.Manitoba drivers will not only savemoney by refueling with electricity, theywill also make deep, sustainable cuts inthe associated emissions. If all 10 billionvehicle-kilometres now travelled inManitoba using gasoline, were electricallypowered, it would require somewherein the range of a 300 to 700 MW windfarm. And it would result in 3 to 4 milliontonnes of GHG emission reductions.We have the right priceManitoba has among the lowest electricityrates in North America. This meansthat for electric and plug-in hybrid electricvehicles, we have the lowest priced elec-Westward Industries’ made-in-Manitoba hybrid Go4 Interceptor III.Photo courtesy of Westward Industriestric fuel on the continent. We could easilyconvert one of our greatest energy weaknesses(imported fossil fuels) to one ofour greatest strengths (hydroelectricity).The cost to “fill ‘er up” with electricityhas been estimated in the range of 6¢ to20¢ per litre, gasoline equivalent. (Note:Gasoline-equivalent costs also dependon the vehicle.) As well, electricity pricesare stable and predictable – the pricedoesn’t spike because it’s a long weekend,or summer, or because of events inthe Middle East.We have the infrastructureManitoba has more than half-a-millionplug-in points in our homes, garages,businesses and parking lots. These arealready used for block heaters andpreheating vehicles. They can easily beused for electric vehicle recharging.That existing infrastructure accommo-dates what’s referred to as “Level 1”charging. While slower than higher voltage“Level 2” charging systems, “Level1” can be a practical solution in the nearterm for electric and plug-in electricvehicles used primarily for commutingshorter distances.For other jurisdictions to put in place500,000 recharging systems would costthem over $1 billion. Manitoba has thisrecharging infrastructure already in placetoday, offering a significant advantageand substantial investment savings.We know how to “plug in”Manitoba also has a well-establishedplug-in culture for vehicles – it’s calledwinter. We don’t need special trainingcourses to teach people how to plug intheir vehicles. We’ve been doing it sincewe learned to drive.

manitoba’selectric vehicle road map:shifting into driveWhat we know:• the scale of the opportunity beforeManitoba is clear• Manitoba has many assets to speedthe transition from fossil fuel to clean,renewable transportation energy• this transition will not happenovernight• we can’t control the pace at whichelectric vehicles are made available inthe marketplaceWhat we can do:• focus on maximizing our advantages• create the relationships and environmentnecessary to fast track electricvehicles into Manitoba as theybecome available• make the transition as swift, cost-effectiveand comprehensive as possibleAs this energy revolution begins tounfold, Manitoba’s early actions on theroad to electric vehicles will include:1. Plug-in PartnershipsManitoba will facilitate partnershipswith automakers, electric technologyproviders, Manitoba Hydro, Manitobacompanies, academic institutions andothers to:fossil fuel freedomWhile it’s unlikely that one method forpowering vehicles will monopolize thefuture, the road signs point to the rapidexpansion of electric transportation asa cleaner and more affordable path.Manitoba stands to reap an enormousharvest as progress is made.Here are two simple ways to quantify thevalue of making this transition swiftly andcomprehensively:• Each Manitoba family shifting toelectric vehicles is on the path towards$100,000 in economic benefit -- forthemselves and Manitoba.April 2011• demonstrate vehicles under real-worldconditions, and to better understandhow they perform in Manitoba’sunique climatic conditions (ex: coldweatherperformance)• help speed up adoption by ensuringwidespread availability of vehicles andrecharging equipment• promote Manitoba’s advantages asa location for business development,including opportunities in thedevelopment, testing and, potentially,manufacturing of electric vehicletechnologies• raise public awareness of electricvehicle technologies2. Electric Vehicle AdvisoryCommitteeAn advisory committee will be createdto provide recommendationsto government on the best ways toprepare for, and speed adoption of,electric and hybrid-vehicles. Areas tobe addressed include:• maximizing out-of-the-gate use ofManitoba’s existing $1 billion recharginginfrastructure• identifying recharging infrastructurerequirements beyond our extensiveexisting system (ex: the need for localized,faster charging infrastructure)• Every one per cent share of theManitoba vehicle market that movesto electric vehicles equates to $10million injected back to the provincialeconomy, and 30,000 tonnes in GHGemission reductions.And freedom from fossil fuels? Whileelectric vehicles are only part of thatlarger equation, the next year couldsee Manitoba’s first families becomingvirtually fossil fuel free – utilizing clean,renewable hydro for their electricityneeds; heat pumps for home heating;and driving an emission-free electricalvehicle powered by our hydroelectricity.Fossil Fuel Freedom, perhaps closerthan we think.• large-scale integration of electricvehicle charging into the electrical grid• consideration of upfront fiscal supportmechanisms and/or innovativefinancing mechanisms for car, batteryand recharging infrastructure• vehicle insurance implications• public outreach• cold weather performance andadaptation• battery life and secondary use orbattery repurposing• training and education requirementsfor vehicle servicing• building code implications forrecharging equipment• electric vehicle codes, standardsand regulations3. Electic Vehicle Learning andDemonstration CentreA centre will be created to helpdemonstrate various electric andplug-in electric vehicles and associatedrecharging equipment that willsoon be commercially available toManitobans. Not only will performanceof the vehicles be monitored, but thepublic will have a first-hand opportunityto learn more about this transitionaltechnology before they decide to buy.This information provided by:Manitoba Innovation, Energy and MinesEnergy Development Initiativewww.manitobaenergy.ca

Manitoba Vehicle Facts• 700,000 vehicles (all types) currently in Manitoba• 40,000 to 50,000 new vehicles sold annually• over 1,600 hybrid electric vehicles (HEV)licensed in Manitoba since 2006• about 1.5 billion Litres of gasoline and 1.0 billionLitres of diesel fuel used annually in Manitoba• average gasoline fuel consumption> 15 Litres per 100 km in Manitoba> 12.5 Litres per 100 km rough averagefor all of Canada• transportation represents more than one thirdof Manitoba’s GHG emissions• average Manitoba vehicle travels about 16,000km per year, or about 43 km per day• currently between 15 to 25 all-electric andplug-in hybrid electric (PHE) vehicles inManitoba, with the numbers quickly risingWorld Vehicle/Energy Facts• world demand for automobiles is roughly 60million vehicles annually• by 2035, world energy demand will be morethan 50 per cent higher than 2007• price of oil has been rebounding from a lowof around $40 per barrel in early 2009 back toroughly $110 per barrel in April 2011Commercial Release of ElectricVehicles: 2011 to 2016• factory-built models such as the MitsubishiIMiEV, Nissan Leaf and Chevrolet Volt justbeing commercially released• initial electric vehicle prices $30,000 to $45,000• prices will fall as more vehicles become available• thirty models of all-electric and PHEV underdevelopment for potential release within five years• all major vehicle manufacturers involvedRecharging SystemsRecharging time depends on charge requiredand level of charging. Estimated time requiredto charge a 8 kWh battery:• Level 1 charge (110 VAC, 15 A) about 8 hours(or overnight)• Level 2 charge (220 VAC, 40 A) about 3 to 4 hours• Level 3 charge (high voltage DC charge) about15 to 30 minutesManitoba’s Recharging Infrastructure• Manitoba already has more than 500,000plug-points at homes, businesses and parkinglots that could be used for Level 1 charging ofelectric vehicles• for another jurisdiction to build this infrastructuretoday from scratch would cost upwards of$1 billionCost of Recharging Systems• Level 1 charging can be done almost anywherewith access to a regular electrical outlet.No additional cost.• Installing a home-based Level 2 charger dependson wiring services available, but is in the rangeof $2,000 to $4,000.• A commercial or “public pay” Level 2 chargingstation is more costly.• A Level 3 charging system is very expensive,currently averaging more than $30,000 percharging point.Electrical Load for Vehicles• Manitoba Hydro estimates that by 2030 theload for electric vehicles could reach 195 GWh,with this considered as a relatively modestload. This compares to total annual generationof roughly 23,000 GWh and extra-provincialexports of about 10,000 GWh.• Assuming all gasoline vehicles in Manitobawere converted to electricity, we wouldrequire 1,200 GWh to 2,500 GWh annually,(depending on vehicles size and efficiency).• As a new load, this would require new windfarms ranging from 300 MW to 700 MW.