V2G needs G4V - Endesa Escuela de Energía

1Agenda• Introduction• Influencing Parameters• Scenarios• Grid Bottlenecks• Information Demand• OutlookConference Presentation, May 7th 2008

2Introduction to „Vehicle-To-Grid“using „plug-in“-capable electric vehicles as a massivelydistributed storage for grid services such as balancing powerOpportunities:+ independently controllable+ low risk of failure+ cheap because of double use+ additional energy demandMajor Bottlenecks:- battery capacity- loss of comfort (?)- unknown grid implications- security of communicationAbout 660.000 vehicles could offer morebalancing power (for ~1h) than all Germanpump storage plants.Conference Presentation, May 7th 2008

5Scenario 2020 - PHEVconnection:• bi-directional• ~ 5kWh (100% usable)• 12kW three-phase• 0.4kV 18A• rather decentral• simultaneity factordepends on usageConference Presentation, May 7th 2008

6Scenario 2030 - BEVconnection:• bi-directional• 20kWh (50% usable)• 24kW three-phase• 0.4kV 34A• decentral/central• high simultaneity factorConference Presentation, May 7th 2008

7Scenario „Better Place“• exchangeable batteriesconnection fuel station:• 600kW three-phase• 10kV, 35A• 50 batteries @ 12kW• depending on• recharge time• exchange time• number of EVConference Presentation, May 7th 2008

8Scenario „parking lot“• aggregating multiple carsconnection parking lot:• 12MW three-phase• direct bus bar connection,no abrupt changes• 10kV, 700A• max. 1000 cars• depending on• parking time• fluctuation• number of EVConference Presentation, May 7th 2008

9Frequency control via V2G vs generator basedadvantages• fast reacting – better frequency stability• reduced strain on generators/pumps• additional load flow management possibledisadvantages• impact on distribution grids• missing real-time capability on MV/LVlevel• missing experience implementingdecentralised balancing powerConference Presentation, May 7th 2008

11System Perturbation• harmonics (converter)• voltage drop ride-through behavior• power plant features – synchronous motor• advanced grid codes for electric vehicles• three-phase connection, whenever possible• forced infeed @ 49.8 Hz• forced consumption @ 50.2 Hz• power flow control at secondary substation (?)• „slow“ charching characteristicsConference Presentation, May 7th 2008

12Desired Information for Aggregator• battery load• charching characteristic• min./max. charching power• min./max. discharching power• location• estimated parking time• user behavior (discrete types?)• „provider“• prefered state of charge• ecological aimsConference Presentation, May 7th 2008

13Outlook: V2G as part of a Future Energy NetworkIntegrated Energy Supply Concepts (Power, Heat, Mobility)based on innovative Information Technology+ real-time capable+ self-describing, self-controlling, self-adjusting, selfstabilizingand self-healing+ efficient use of energy supply structures leads to reducedinvestment and operating costs+ new business models based on customer needs insteadof energy carrier- multi-carrier-concepts are still in an early stage ofdevelopment- changes in infrastructure are long term investments- unknown emergence featuresConference Presentation, May 7th 2008

14Thank you!Conference Presentation, May 7th 2008

16Technical RequirementsBattery-EV• grid connection alreadyimplemented (for charging), has tobe improved to bi-directional• secure communications link• battery already sufficientHybrid-EV• conversion to „plug-in-hybrid“necessary• bi-directional connection• secure communications link• battery needs higher capacity(>10 kWh)Conference Presentation, May 7th 2008

18Regelreserve in DeutschlandRWE negativ-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0181614121086420Conference Presentation, May 7th 2008