okekMata TriptaMata Tripta was Guru Nanak’s mother. Thehistory of Sikh women has to start with her. Shewas the person who brought Guru Nanak, thefounder of the Sikh religion into the world. In theannals of world history, the greatness of MataTripta, deserves to be celebrated for bringing tothe world a soul who offered much spiritual andmoral guidance and a solid and creditable foundationfor a new world religion.Mata Tripta and her husband Mehta Kalu livedin Talwandi, Punjab, which is now part of Pakistan.Weary saints and ‘fakirs’ would take rest here, andMata Tripta would welcomed and serve all thesepassers-by. Their dedication for service of otherswas finally rewarded when Nanak was born in 1469.Thus, Mata Tripta was blessed with the honour ofgiving birth to God’s messenger, Guru Nanak,whose mission was to redeem mankind.No poet has ever been able to convey theethereal beauty attained by Mata Tripta when shewas expecting Nanak. Of the many prophets thathave visited the earth, many of their mothers wereunable to celebrate in the joy of rearing suchwondrous offspring. For example; in Hinduism,Mata Devaki, the mother of Krishan Ji, was unableto fulfil her maternal role as she languished in jail.She yearned for her child, and he too missed thelove of his mother. In Christianity, Mary, the motherof Jesus, endured disbelief and prejudice, as a resultof the ‘immaculate conception’ and ‘virgin birth’of Jesus. Buddha’s mother died on the day of hisbirth, and he was reared by his mother’s sister.Trishula, the mother of Mahavir, was constantlytormented by nightmares before his birth.In contrast to all of these examples, MataTripta was happy and peaceful throughout herpregnancy, meditating constantly on God’s name.No other mother can have been more fortunatethan her, in rearing the saviour Nanak so peacefully.Guru Nanak was born on the third day of the monthof Vaisakh, Saturday April 15, 1469. A midwifeassisted mother Tripta on the occasion. Her namewas Daulatan. On giving birth to Nanak, she wasblessed with all the joys of motherhood as she raisedhim and cherished him. MacAuliffe narrates in thetradition of the Janamsakhis that the midwife, wheninterrogated the following morning by Hardial, theastrologer, as to nature of the child’s voice utteredat birth, said it was “as the laughing voice of awise man when joining a social circle.”Mata Tripta was a kind lady. The young Nanakhad a sociable nature, and, therefore, had manyfriends. He liked to treat them often. We know fromthe oral history tradition that Mata Tripta wouldsometimes slip him a coin or two to spend on hisfriends. She also often made sweets for him toshare with his friends. She loved her son dearly,but his rejection of tradition and custom was asource of constant aggravation for her husband,Mehta Kalu.On the occasion when Guru Nanak undertook“Sacha Sauda” (i.e. the incident when his fathergave him money to buy some bargains from thenearest town, but Nanak used that money insteadto buy food for some starving sadhus’ he met onthe way), Mehta Kalu was furious, but MataTripta’s heart melted as she could relate to her son’sactions and realised the greatness of her son’s deedsat such a young age.Her son, Nanak, questioned the authority ofthe Brahmin priests, refused to wear the holy thread,and rejected the validity of the caste system. MataebZ] 200822<strong>laxr</strong> <strong>lalkj</strong> (ekfld)
Tripta did not understand the divine mission of herrebellious son. This is clear in the story of Nanak’sreturn from his first travel. His parents met him atthe edge of town. Nanak was overcome withemotion, and was in tear when he met his mother.She offered him sweets and asked him to removethe beggar’s gown and put on the clothes shebrought him. She showed much love and care forher son and wanted him to be seen in the best lightin front of friends and neighbours in the village.When Nanak got married and his wife BibiSulakhni came to their home, Mata Tripta wasthrilled and overjoyed. Soon her happiness knewno bounds when she became a grandmother withthe birth of Sri Chand, Guru Nanak’s first son.She distributed sweetmeats throughout the village,and on the birth of her second grandson, LakhmiDas, she could barely contain her excitement.Soon, her son Guru Nanak would undertakehis many travels and although she had hergrandsons, she desperately missed her beloved son.However, she was selfless and always comfortedand guided Bibi Sulakhni. On the same occasionhis parents were much distressed. They believedthat his travels and the rejection of presentconventions were a sign of great unhappiness. Hisfather, Kalu, was greatly disturbed when heexclaimed; “Only if I knew what has disappointedyou in life, I would set things right. If you want tomarry another woman, I’d get you one, if anotherhouse, I’d provide you with it.” The behaviour ofNanak was not understood by his parents. Hisparents, who were well-to-do and respected in theircommunity, were greatly perturbed, because theydid not understand why he would not conform tosocial customs of the day.According to the Bala Sakhis, Guru Nanakwas very fond of his maternal grandmother. Theywere very close. Her name was Mata Bhirai, shewas married to Rama of the village Chahal nearLahore. She was likely a frequent visitor to thehome of Mata Banarasi, his paternal grandmother.In the prevalent custom of a joint family system, awoman always went to live in her husband’s familyhousehold, and because it was the custom for thegrandparents to raise the children, one can assumethat he would have been brought up by MataBanarasi, his paternal grandmother. She was themother of two sons, Kalu and Lalu, and wife ofShiv Ram, resident of Talvandi Rai Bhoi Ki, nowcalled Nankana Sahib.Much of what we know about the women ofthat era, has to be conjecture. One must look atwhat is known about socio-political, as well as theeconomic situation of the era, before one can evenbegin to guess what life must have been like forany given woman. The oral history or Janamsakhisgive clues to events, but cannot be taken tooseriously, in that they are coloured by the tellers’own perception and background. As with any oralhistory, the story changes with time. Each storytellertries to put his personal stamp on the story,as well as embellishment, so that it is always toldbetter than the time it was told before. We do knowthat at that time in Hindu society, woman, at leastin theory, controlled the family finances. In fact,they probably controlled only the portion of incomethat dealt with the personal household; i.e., thegroceries and small household items. In a jointfamily system, even that would be limited to the“mother-in-law” and not to all the women. Also, itwould be subject to the whi ms of the man of thehouse. Nevertheless, this was the situation at thetime of the birth of the first Guru.On one of Guru Nanak’s return from histravels to Talwandi, Mata Tripta knew her end wasnigh so she implored him to stay. As Guru Nanaktouched her feet to receive her blessings, she pulledhim instead into one last loving embrace. It was in1522 that she left this earth. Guru Nanak performedher last rites himself, and instructed everyone thatthere was no need for any rituals to be performedand everyone should meditate on God’s nameinstead and accept his will (Hukam), as meditationand prayer is the only solace and reward for thislife.●<strong>laxr</strong> <strong>lalkj</strong> (ekfld)23 ebZ] 2008