Crohn's Disease - Thorne Research

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ReviewCrohn’s Disease46. Sartor RB. Enteric microflora in IBD: pathogensor commensals? Inflamm Bowel Dis1997;3:230-235.47. Darfeuille-Michaud A, Neut C, Barnich N, etal. Presence of adherent Eschericia coli strainsin ileal mucosa of patients with Crohn’sdisease. Gastroenterology 1998;115;1405-1413.48. Hollander D, Vadheim CM, Brettholz E, et al.Increased intestinal permeability in patientswith Crohn’s disease and their relatives. Apossible etiologic factor. Ann Intern Med1986;105:883-885.49. Ibbotson JP, Lowes JR, Chahal H, et al.Mucosal cell-mediated immunity to mycobacterial,enterobacterial, and other microbialantigens in inflammatory bowel disease. ClinExp Immunol 1992;87:224-230.50. Martin HM, Campbell BJ, Hart CA, et al.Enhanced Escherichia coli adherence andinvasion in Crohn’s disease and colon cancer.Gastroenterology 2004;127:80-93.51. Chen W, Li D, Paulus B, et al. Detection ofListeria monocytogenes by polymerase chainreaction in intestinal mucosal biopsies frompatients with inflammatory bowel disease andcontrols. J Gastroenterol Hepatol2000;15:1145-1150.52. Lamps LW, Madhusudhan KT, Havens JM, etal. Pathogenic Yersinia DNA is detected inbowel and mesenteric lymph nodes frompatients with Crohn’s disease. Am J SurgPathol 2003;27:220-227.53. Greenwood MH. Human carriage of Yersiniaspecies and incidence in foods. ContribMicrobiol Immunol 1995;13:74-76.54. Chiba M, Fukushima T, Inoue S, et al. Listeriamonocytogenes in Crohn’s disease. Scand JGastroenterol 1998;33:430-434.55. Hugot JP, Alberti C, Berrebi D, et al. Crohn’sdisease: the cold chain hypothesis. Lancet2003;362:2012-2015.56. Ekbom A, Wakefield AJ, Zack M, Adami HO.Perinatal measles infection and subsequentCrohn’s disease. Lancet 1994;344:508-510.57. Iizuka M, Nakagomi O, Chiba M, et al.Absence of measles virus in Crohn’s disease.Lancet 1995;345:199.58. Johne HA, Frothingham L. Eineigentuemlicher fall von tuberkulose beimrind. Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Tiermedicin undPathologie 1895;21:438-454. [Article inGerman]59. Dalziel TK. Chronic interstitial enteritis. BrMed J 1913;ii:1068-1070.60. Chiodini RJ, Van Kruiningen HJ, Merkal RS,et al. Characteristics of an unclassifiedMycobacterium species isolated from patientswith Crohn’s disease. J Clin Microbiol1984;20:966-971.61. Chiodini RJ, Van Kruiningen HJ, Thayer WR,et al. Possible role of mycobacteria in inflammatorybowel disease. I. An unclassifiedMycobacterium species isolated from patientswith Crohn’s disease. Dig Dis Sci1984;29:1073-1079.62. Sanderson JD, Moss MT, Tizard ML, Hermon-Taylor J. Mycobacterium paratuberculosisDNA in Crohn’s disease tissue. Gut1992;33:890-896.63. Fidler HM, Thurrell W, Johnson NM, et al.Specific detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosisDNA associated with granulomatoustissue in Crohn’s disease. Gut1994;35:506-510.64. Millar D, Ford J, Sanderson J, et al. IS900PCR to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosisin retail supplies of whole pasteurizedcows’ milk in England and Wales. ApplEnviron Microbiol 1996;62:3446-3452.65. Corti S, Stephan R. Detection of Mycobacteriumavium subspecies paratuberculosisspecific IS900 insertion sequences in bulk-tankmilk samples obtained from different regionsthroughout Switzerland. BMC Microbiol2002;2:15.66. Hermon-Taylor J, Bull TJ, Sheridan JM, et al.Causation of Crohn’s disease by Mycobacteriumavium subspecies paratuberculosis. CanJ Gastroenterol 2000;14:521-539.67. Bull TJ, McMinn EJ, Sidi-Boumedine K, et al.Detection and verification of Mycobacteriumavium subsp. paratuberculosis in freshileocolonic mucosal biopsy specimens fromindividuals with and without Crohn’s disease.J Clin Microbiol 2003;41:2915-2923.68. Naser SA, Ghobrial G, Romero C, ValentineJF. Culture of Mycobacterium avium subspeciesparatuberculosis from the blood ofpatients with Crohn’s disease. Lancet2004;364:1039-1044.69. Ross J. Control of messenger RNA stability inhigher eukaryotes. Trends Genet 1996;12:171-175.Alternative Medicine Review ◆ Volume 9, Number 4 ◆ 2004 Page 391Copyright©2004 Thorne Research, Inc. All Rights Reserved. No Reprint Without Written Permission
Crohn’s DiseaseReview70. Hulten K, El-Zimaity HM, Karttunen TJ, et al.Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspeciesparatuberculosis in Crohn’s diseased tissuesby in situ hybridization. Am J Gastroenterol2001;96:1529-1535.71. Jarnerot G, Rolny P, Wickbom G, AlemayehuG. Antimycobacterial therapy ineffective inCrohn’s disease after a year. Lancet1989;1:164-165.72. Hampson SJ, Parker MC, Saverymuttu SH, etal. Results of quadruple antimycobacterialchemotherapy in 17 Crohn’s disease patientscompleting six months treatment. Gastroenterology1988;94:170.73. Prantera C, Kohn A, Mangiarotti R, et al.Antimycobacterial therapy in Crohn’s disease:results of a controlled, double-blind trial with amultiple antibiotic regimen. Am JGastroenterol 1994;89:513-518.74. Thomas GA, Swift GL, Green JT, et al.Controlled trial of antituberculous chemotherapyin Crohn’s disease: a five year followup study. Gut 1998;42:497-500.75. Gui GP, Thomas PR, Tizard ML, et al. Twoyear-outcomesanalysis of Crohn’s diseasetreated with rifabutin and macrolide antibiotics.J Antimicrob Chemother 1997;39:393-400.76. Douglass A, Cann PA, Bramble MG. An openpilot study of antimicrobial therapy in patientswith unresponsive Crohn’s disease. Gut2000;46:A11.77. Shafran I, Kugler L, El-Zaatari FA, et al. Openclinical trial of rifabutin and clarithromycintherapy in Crohn’s disease. Dig Liver Dis2002;34:22-28.78. Borody TJ, Leis S, Warren EF, Surace R.Treatment of severe Crohn’s disease usingantimycobacterial triple therapy – approachinga cure? Dig Liver Dis 2002;34:29-38.79. Brandtzaeg P. Inflammatory bowel disease:clinics and pathology. Do inflammatory boweldisease and periodontal disease have similarimmunopathogeneses? Acta Odontol Scand2001;59:235-243.80. Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P. Antibody responses inCrohn’s disease. Gastroenterology2004;126:601-604.81. MacPherson A, Khoo UY, Forgacs I, et al.Mucosal antibodies in inflammatory boweldisease are directed against intestinal bacteria.Gut 1996;38:365-375.82. Zareie M, Singh PK, Irvine EJ, et al. Monocyte/macrophageactivation by normal bacteriaand bacterial products: implications for alteredepithelial function in Crohn’s disease. Am JPathol 2001;158:1101-1109.83. MacDonald TT, Murch SH. Aetiology andpathogenesis of chronic inflammatory boweldisease. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol1994;8:1-34.84. Dohi T, Fujihashi K, Kiyono H, et al. Micedeficient in Th1- and Th2-type cytokinesdevelop distinct forms of hapten-inducedcolitis. Gastroenterology 2000;119:724-733.85. Iqbal N, Oliver JR, Wagner FH, et al. T helper1 and T helper 2 cells are pathogenic in anantigen-specific model of colitis. J Exp Med2002;195:71-84.86. Rutgeerts P, Geboes K. Understandinginflammatory bowel disease – the clinician’sperspective. Eur J Surg Suppl 2001;586:66-72.87. Desreumaux P, Brandt E, Gambiez L, et al.Distinct cytokine patterns in early and chronicileal lesions of Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology1997;113:118-126.88. Reuter BK, Pizarro TT. Commentary: the roleof the IL-18 system and other members of theIL-1R/TLR superfamily in innate mucosalimmunity and the pathogenesis of inflammatorybowel disease: friend or foe? Eur JImmunol 2004;34:2347-2355.89. Keates AC, Castagliuolo I, Cruickshank WW,et al. Interleukin 16 is up-regulated in Crohn’sdisease and participates in TNBS colitis inmice. Gastroenterology 2000;119:972-982.90. Neurath MF, Weigmann, B, Finotto S, et al.The transcription factor T-bet regulatesmucosal T cell activation in experimentalcolitis and Crohn’s disease. J Exp Med2002;195:1129-1143.91. Breese EJ, Michie CA, Nicholls SW, et al.Tumor necrosis factor alpha-producing cells inthe intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatorybowel disease. Gastroenterology1994;106:1455-1466.92. Marini M, Bamias G, Rivera-Nieves J, et al.TNF-alpha neutralization ameliorates theseverity of murine Crohn’s-like ileitis byabrogation of intestinal epithelial cellapoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2003;100:8366-8371.93. Monteleone G, MacDonald TT. Manipulationof cytokines in the management of patientswith inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Med2000;32:552-560.Page 392 Alternative Medicine Review ◆ Volume 9, Number 4 ◆ 2004Copyright©2004 Thorne Research, Inc. All Rights Reserved. No Reprint Without Written Permission
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Page 8 and 9: ReviewCrohn’s DiseaseCytokine Pat
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