Crohn's Disease - Thorne Research

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ReviewCrohn’s Disease192. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM. Oxygen freeradicals and iron in relation to biology andmedicine; some problems and concepts. ArchBiochem Biophys 1986;246:501-514.193. Erichsen K, Hausken T, Ulvik RJ, et al.Ferrous fumarate deteriorated plasma antioxidantstatus in patients with Crohn disease.Scand J Gastroenterol 2003;38:543-548.194. Mayberry JF, Rhodes J, Allan R, et al. Diet inCrohn’s disease. Dig Dis Sci 1981;26:444-448.195. Reif S, Klein I, Lubin F, et al. Pre-illnessdietary factors in inflammatory bowel disease.Gut 1997;40:754-760.196. Tragnone A, Valpiani D, Miglio F, et al.Dietary habits as risk factors for inflammatorybowel disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol1995;7:47-51.197. Persson PG, Ahlbom A, Hellers G. Diet andinflammatory bowel disease: a case-controlstudy. Epidemiology 1992;3:47-52.198. Khursheed NJ. Clinical nutrition: 6. Managementof nutritional problems of patients withCrohn’s disease. Can Med J 2002;1166:913-918.199. American Society for Parenteral and EnteralNutrition (ASPEN), Board of Directors.Guidelines for the use of enteral nutrition inthe adult patient. J Enteral Parenteral Nutr1987;11:435-439.200. Murch SH, Walker-Smith JA. Nutrition ininflammatory bowel disease. Baillieres ClinGastroenterol 1998;12:719-738.201. Russell RI. Elemental diets. Gut 1975;16:68-79.202. Beattie RM, Schiffrin EJ, Donnet-Hughes A, etal. Polymeric nutrition as the primary therapyin children with small bowel Crohn’s disease.Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994;8:609-615.203. Mansfield JC, Giaffer MH, Holdsworth CD.Controlled trial of oligopeptide versus aminoacid diet in treatment of active Crohn’sdisease. Gut 1995;36:60-66.204. Gonzalez-Huix F, de Leon R, Fernandez-Banares F, et al. Polymeric enteral diets asprimary treatment of active Crohn’s disease: aprospective steroid controlled trial. Gut1993;34:778-782.205. Gorard DA, Hunt JB, Payne-James JJ, et al.Initial response and subsequent course ofCrohn’s disease treated with elemental diet orprednisolone. Gut 1993;34:1198-1202.206. Malchow H, Steinhardt HJ, Lorenz-Meyer H,et al. Feasibility and effectivenesss of adefined-formula diet regimen in treating activeCrohn’s disease. European CooperativeCrohn’s Disease Study III. Scand JGastroenterol 1990;25:235-244.207. O’Morain C, Segal AW, Levi AJ. Elementaldiet as primary treatment of acute Crohn’sdisease: a controlled trial. Br Med J (Clin ResEd) 1984;288:1859-1862.208. Riordan AM, Hunter JO, Cowan RE, et al.Treatment of active Crohn’s disease byexclusion diet: East Anglian multicentrecontrolled trial. Lancet 1993;342:1131-1134.209. Zoli G, Care M, Parazza M, et al. A randomizedcontrolled study comparing elemental dietand steroid treatment in Crohn’s disease.Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997;11:735-740.210. Azcue M, Rashid M, Griffiths A, Pencharz PB.Energy expenditure and body composition inchildren with Crohn’s disease: effect of enteralnutrition and treatment with prednisolone. Gut1997;41:203-208.211. Beattie RM, Bentsen BS, MacDonald TT.Childhood Crohn’s disease and the efficacy ofenteral diets. Nutrition 1998;14:345-350.212. Shoda R, Matsueda K, Yamato S, Umeda N.Epidemiological analysis of Crohn disease inJapan: increased dietary intake of n-6 polyunsaturatedfatty acids and animal protein relatesto the increased incidence of Crohn disease inJapan. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63:741-745.213. Bamba T, Shimoyama T, Sasaki M, et al.Dietary fat attenuates the benefits of anelemental diet in active Crohn’s disease: arandomized, controlled trial. Eur JGastroenterol Hepatol 2003;15:151-157.214. Middleton SJ, Rucker JT, Kirby GA, et al.Long-chain triglycerides reduce the efficacy ofenteral feeds in patients with active Crohn’sdisease. Clin Nutr 1995;14:229-236.215. Gassull MA, Fernandez-Banares F, Cabre E, etal. Fat composition may be a clue to explainthe therapeutic effect of enteral nutrition inCrohn’s disease: results of a double-blindrandomized multicenter European trial. Gut2002;51:164-168.216. Levenstein S, Prantera C, Luzi C, D’Ubaldi A.Low residue or normal diet in Crohn’s disease:a prospective controlled study in Italianpatients. Gut 1985;26:989-993.217. Jones VA, Workman E, Freeman AH, et al.Crohn’s disease: maintenance of remission bydiet. Lancet 1985;2:177-180.Alternative Medicine Review ◆ Volume 9, Number 4 ◆ 2004 Page 397Copyright©2004 Thorne Research, Inc. All Rights Reserved. No Reprint Without Written Permission
Crohn’s DiseaseReview218. Ritchie JK, Wadsworth J, Lennard-Jones JE,Rogers E. Controlled multicenter therapeutictrial of an unrefined carbohydrate, fibre richdiet in Crohn’s disease. Br Med J1987;295:517-520.219. Heaton KW, Thornton JR, Emmett PM.Treatment of Crohn’s disease with an unrefinedcarbohydrate, fibre-rich diet. Br Med J1979;2:764-766.220. Pearson M, Teahon K, Levi AJ, Bjarnason I.Food intolerance and Crohn’s disease. Gut1993;34:783-787.221. Boudeau J, Glasser AL, Julien S, et al.Inhibitory effect of probiotic Escherichia colistrain Nissle 1917 on adhesion to and invasionof intestinal epithelial cells by adherentinvasiveE. coli strains from isolated patientswith Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther2003;18:45-56.222. Mattar AF, Teitelbaum DH, Drongowski RA,et al. Probiotics up-regulate MUC-2 mucingene expression in a Caco-2 cell culturemodel. Pediatr Surg Int 2002;18:586-590.223. Malin M, Suomalainen H, Saxelin M, IsolauriE. Promotion of IgA immune response inpatients with Crohn’s disease by oralbacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus GG. AnnNutr Metab 1996;40:137-145.224. Borreul N, Carol M, Casellas F, et al. Increasedmucosal tumour necrosis factor alphaproduction in Crohn’s disease can bedownregulated ex vivo by probiotic bacteria.Gut 2002;51:659-664.225. Plein K, Hotz J. Therapeutic effects ofSaccharomyces boulardii on mild residualsymptoms in a stable phase of Crohn’s diseasewith special respect to chronic diarrhea – apilot study. Z Gastroenterol 1993;31:129-134.226. Guslandi M, Mezzi G, Sorghi M, Testoni PA.Saccharomyces boulardii in maintenancetreatment of Crohn’s disease. Dig Dis Sci2000;45:1462-1464.227. Malchow HA. Crohn’s disease and Escherichiacoli. A new approach in therapy tomaintain remission of colonic Crohn’s disease?J Clin Gastroenterol 1997;25:653-658.228. Gupta P, Andrew H, Kirschner BS, GuandaliniS. Is Lactobacillus GG helpful in children withCrohn’s disease? Results of a preliminary,open-label study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr2000;31:453-457.229. Prantera C, Scribano ML, Falasco G, et al.Ineffectiveness of probiotics in preventingrecurrence after curative resection for Crohn’sdisease: a randomized controlled trial withLactobacillus GG. Gut 2002;51:405-409.230. Kruidenier L, Kuiper I, van Duijn W, et al.Differential mucosal expression of threesuperoxide dismutase isoforms in inflammatorybowel disease. J Pathol 2003;201:7-16.231. Kruidenier L, Kuiper I, van Duijn W, et al.Imbalance secondary mucosal antioxidantresponse in inflammatory bowel disease. JPathol 2003;201:17-27.232. Reimund JM, Allison AC, Muller CD, et al.Antioxidants inhibit the in vitro production ofinflammatory cytokines in Crohn’s disease andulcerative colitis. Eur J Clin Invest1998;28:145-150.233. Iantomasi T, Marraccini P, Favilli F, et al. Oralabsorption studies in patients with CD arewarranted. Biochem Med Metab Bio1994;53:87-91.234. Aghkassi E, Wendland BE, Steinhart H, et al.Antioxidant vitamin supplementation inCrohn’s disease decreases oxidative stress: arandomized controlled trial. Am JGastroenterol 2003;98:348-353.235. Skogh M, Sundquist T, Tagesson C. Vitamin Ain Crohn’s disease (correspondence). Lancet1980;315:766.236. Norrby S, Sjodahl R, Tagesson C. Ineffectivenessof vitamin A therapy in severe Crohn’sdisease. Acta Chir Scand 1985;151:465-468.237. Wright JP, Mee AS, Parfitt P, et al. Vitamin Atherapy in patients with Crohn’s disease.Gastroenterology 1985;88:512-514.238. Kuroki F, Iida M, Matsumoto T, et al. Serumn3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are depleted inCrohn’s disease. Dig Dis Sci 1997;42:1137-1141.239. Alzoghaibi MA, Walsh SW, Willey A, et al.Linoleic acid induces interleukin-8 productionby Crohn’s human intestinal smooth musclecells via arachidonic acid metabolites. Am JPhysiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol2004;286:G528-G537.240. Tsujikawa T, Satoh J, Uda K, et al. Clinicalimportance of n-3 fatty acid-rich diet andnutritional education for the maintenance ofremission in Crohn’s disease. J Gastroenterol2000;35:99-104.Page 398 Alternative Medicine Review ◆ Volume 9, Number 4 ◆ 2004Copyright©2004 Thorne Research, Inc. All Rights Reserved. No Reprint Without Written Permission
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