Paper 12 - Pre-commissioning on indoor air quality - NIOSH

SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH(SCI-COSH)National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH)Malaysia13 th – 14 th December 2011TITLE:PRE-COMMISSIONING ON INDOOR AIR QUALITY:CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN NEW BUILDINGPRESENT BY :NOR MOHD RAZIF NORAINIINDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIVISIONCONSULTATION, RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, NIOSH MALAYSIA&FACULTY OF MECHANICAL & MANUFACTURING ENGINEERINGUNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA (UTHM)

CONTENT1. The introduction to Indoor Air Quality, safety and healthissues in Malaysian industries and related activities;• Study Background and problem statement.• The goal and research objectives are stated.2. Literature Review• Existing research study in IAQ field (reference)3. Methodology• Standards used• Sample (Case study)• Research Instruments4. Results5. Conclusion

INTRODUCTION• Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a term referring to the air quality within and aroundbuildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and comfort ofbuilding occupants.IAQ can be affected by microbial contaminants (mold, bacteria), gases (includingcarbon monoxide, radon, volatile organic compounds), particulates, or any massor energy stressor that can induce adverse health conditions.• The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) defines;“indoor air as air within a building occupied for at least one hour by people ofvarying states of health”This can include the office, classroom, transport facility, shopping centre, hospitaland home.

CONT…• The primary methods for improving indoor air quality in most buildingsare by using ventilation to dilute contaminants, filtration, and sourcecontrol.• IAQ problems occur in buildings that are served by a commonventilation and/or air conditioning system. IAQ problems can be due toindoor air pollutants or to inadequate ventilation.• There are many sources of indoor air pollutants and among thecommon ones are environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) emitted due toburning of tobacco products; various chemical substances such asformaldehyde emitted from furnishings; volatile organic compoundsemitted from the use and application of solvents; and ozone emittedfrom photocopiers and laser printers. It should be noted here that ETShas been recognized as a human carcinogen by the InternationalAgency fro Research on cancer (IARC) in 2002 and exposure to it willincrease the risk of coronary heart disease.• Determination of IAQ involves the collection of air samples, monitoringhuman exposure to pollutants, collection of samples on buildingsurfaces and computer modeling of air flow inside buildings.

STUDY BACKGROUNDIndoor Air Pollution: The Silent Killer5The number of industrial accidentoccurrence is the MAJOR INDICATOR forevaluation of the occupational safety andhealth (OSH) Legislation, Program andResearch & Development conducted inMalaysia

RESEARCH PROBLEMAccording to Social Security Organization (SOCSO) Malaysiareport, there are significant problems concerning WORKINGENVIRONMENT (I.E ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS:LIGHTING, VENTILATION, TEMPERATURES AND NOISE)The statistic for accident causes related to work environmentshow;YEARNUMBER OF CASESREPORTEDYear 2006 20,430REMARK1 st year after Code of Practise onIndoor Air Quality Published by DOSHMalaysia (2005)Year 2007 18,395 1.11% ReduceYear 2009 16,058 1.15% Reduce

DO WE REALIZE????....•Indoor Air is anywhere 2 to 10 timesMORE HAZARDOUS than outdoor air•People Spending an average 90% of theirtime inside rather than outside•Indoor Air Quality is the number oneenvironmental health problem in USHOW ABOUT MALAYSIA??Source : Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

CONCEPT AND RESEARCH IDEAWHY NEW BUILDING????......(EGLISH PROVERB)9

Adapted from: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/brave_new_world/docs/health_poster.htm(Ministry of Health)

RESEARCH OBJECTIVESThe main objectives of the research are follows:-1. To measure the five (5) Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) ofchemical parameters during <strong>commissioning</strong> of newbuilding.2. To identify the IAQ data differences for different levelsof the building and compare with the standard of IAQ inMalaysian practice.3. To produce a baseline data for future development ofguideline/protocol to support assessment andmonitoring program of IAQ <strong>commissioning</strong> for newbuilding in Malaysia.

LITERATURE REVIEW – A SURVEYSome of the research conducted are follows:-1. Development And Application Of An Indoor Air QualityCommissioning Program In A New Office Building (W. Stuart Dols,Steven J. Nabinger,Andrew K. Persily, (1994))2. Indoor Air Quality in New Hotels Guest Rooms of The Major WorldFactory Region (Wilco Chan, Shun-Cheng Lee, Youming Chen,Barry Maka, Kevin Wonga, Chi-Sing Chan, Cong Zheng, XingguoGuo (2008)/ELSEVIER/International Journal of HospitalityManagement 28 (2009) 26–32)3. Impact of Regulation On Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds InNew Unoccupied Apartment In Korea (Soogil Lim, Kiyoung Lee,Sooyun Seo, Seongki Jang (2011)/ELSEVIER/AtmosphericEnvironment 45 (2011) 1994-2000)4. Relationship Between Quality Of Building MaintenanceManagement Services For Indoor Environmental Quality andOccupant Satisfaction (Suh-Hyun Kwon, Chungyoon Chun, Ro-YeulKwak (2011)/ELSEVIER/Building and Environment)

SAMPLE OF STUDYSAMPLE (CASE STUDY)NIOSH BUILDING (HEADQUARTERS OFFICE)BANDAR BARU BANGI, SELANGOR

RESEARCH SAMPLE8 STORIES BUILDING;1. Hostel2. Training Room3. Laboratory & Computer Room4. Offices5. Banquet Hall6. Exhibition Hall7. Theathrette8. Library

RESEARCH METHODOLOGYSTUDY INSTRUMENTS : Monitoring of IAQ Parameters16

LIST OF INSTRUMENTSBrand/No Test Parameter Equipment NameModel No.1 Temperature2 Relative HumidityPortable TSI IAQ Meter3 Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 )TSI 9555-PTSI 9555-P4 Carbon Monoxide (CO)5 Total Volatile Organic Compounds Portable RAE VOCs Gas Detector PGM-7340(VOC)(ppbRAE 3000)6 Air Velocity Portable TSI IAQ MeterTSI 9555-PTSI 9555-PAccuBalance TSI 83757 Formaldehyde Portable Environmental Sensor’s YES AIRFormaldehyde Meter8 Respirable Suspended Particulates TSI Dust-Trac Particle Monitor TSI/85349 Microbial – Total Fungus and TotalBacteria10 Microbial Pump Calibrator - PrimaryAirflow CalibratorA portable microbial air samplerQuickTake Sample Pump with platecount agar for Total Fungal andTotal Bacteria CountCalibrator for QuickTake SamplePumpSKC/228-9530TSI/4046

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSFIGURE 1 : Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) concentrations vs Location900800700ExposureLimitC1000 ppmppm6005004003002001000L1.1L1.5L1.9L1.13L1.17L1.21L1.25L1.29L1.33L2.4L2.8L2.<strong>12</strong>L2.16L2.20L2.24L3.1L3.5L3.9L3.13L3.17L4.1L4.5L4.9L4.13L4.17L5.3L5.7L5.11L5.15L5.19L6.4L6.8L6.<strong>12</strong>L6.16L6.20L6.24L7.3L7.7L7.11L7.15L8.1L8.5L8.9L8.13L8.17SAMPLING LOCATIONSFIGURE 2 : Carbon Monoxide (CO) concentrations vs Location6.05.0ExposureLimit10 ppmppm4.03.02.01.00.0L1.1L1.5L1.9L1.13L1.17L1.21L1.25L1.29L1.33L2.4L2.8L2.<strong>12</strong>L2.16L2.20L2.24L3.1L3.5L3.9L3.13L3.17L4.1L4.5L4.9L4.13L4.17L5.3L5.7L5.11L5.15L5.19L6.4L6.8L6.<strong>12</strong>L6.16L6.20L6.24L7.3L7.7L7.11L7.15L8.1L8.5L8.9L8.13L8.17SAMPLING LOCATIONS

CONT…FIGURE 3 : PM₁₀ concentrations vs Location0.3000.2500.200ExposureLimit0.15 mg/m³mg/m³0.1500.1000.0500.000L1.1L1.5L1.9L1.13L1.17L1.21L1.25L1.29L1.33L2.4L2.8L2.<strong>12</strong>L2.16L2.20L2.24L3.1L3.5L3.9L3.13L3.17L4.1L4.5L4.9L4.13L4.17L5.3L5.7L5.11L5.15L5.19L6.4L6.8L6.<strong>12</strong>L6.16L6.20L6.24L7.3L7.7L7.11L7.15L8.1L8.5L8.9L8.13L8.17SAMPLING LOCATIONS3 points were recorded as above the acceptable limit. This is due to the physically surface offloor at designated area was not covered. At the same time, the cleaning activity wasperformed nearby the sampling area.FIGURE 4 : TVOC concentrations vs Location250ExposureLimit3 ppmppb200150100500L1.1L1.5L1.9L1.13L1.17L1.21L1.25L1.29L1.33L2.4L2.8L2.<strong>12</strong>L2.16L2.20L2.24L3.1L3.5L3.9L3.13L3.17L4.1L4.5L4.9L4.13L4.17L5.3L5.7L5.11L5.15L5.19L6.4L6.8L6.<strong>12</strong>L6.16L6.20L6.24L7.3L7.7L7.11L7.15L8.1L8.5L8.9L8.13L8.17SAMPLING LOCATIONS

CONT…Formaldehyde concentrations vs Location0.800.700.600.50ppm0.400.300.200.10ExposureLimit0.00L1.1L1.5L1.9L1.13L1.17L1.21L1.25L1.29L1.33L2.4L2.8L2.<strong>12</strong>L2.16L2.20L2.24L3.1L3.5L3.9L3.13L3.17L4.1L4.5L4.9L4.13L4.17L5.3L5.7L5.11L5.15L5.19L6.4L6.8L6.<strong>12</strong>L6.16L6.20L6.24L7.3L7.7L7.11L7.15L8.1L8.5L8.9L8.13L8.17SAMPLING LOCATIONSFormaldehyde concentrations show significant resultwhich majority of the data recorded above theacceptable limit– High concentration recorded at Level 7 & 8

SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT

CONT…

CONCLUSIONSThe concentration of Formaldehyde considerable highand above the acceptable limit stipulated under ICOP-IAQ Malaysia 2010. This is due to the effect ofinstalling the fittings and fixed furniture whichcontribute to sources of emission.Data showed the mean concentrations of Total VolatileOrganic Compounds (TVOC), Carbon Dioxide (CO₂),Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Respirable Particulates(PM₁₀) were below the acceptable limit.The development of future IAQ <strong>commissioning</strong>guideline for new building is importantly agenda toprotect the occupants with harmful indoor environmentin Malaysian practice.

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