Routes of Administration

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features, organization of information).1. Understand how style and content of spoken language varies in differentcontexts and influences the listener’s understanding.2. Adjust presentation (delivery, vocabulary, length) to particular audiencesand purposesB. Develop effective speaking styles for both group and one-on-onesituations.1. Participate actively and effectively in one-on-one oral communicationsituations.2. Participate actively and effectively in group discussions.3. Plan and deliver focused and coherent presentations that convey clearand distinct perspectives and demonstrate solid reasoning.IV. ListeningA. Apply listening skills as an individual and as a member of a group in avariety of settings (e.g., lectures, discussions, conversations, team projects,presentations, interviews).1. Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of a public presentation.2. Interpret a speaker’s message; identify the position taken and theevidence in support of that position.3. Use a variety of strategies to enhance listening comprehension (e.g.,focus attention on message, monitor message for clarity andunderstanding, provide verbal and nonverbal feedback, note cues such aschange of pace or particular words that indicate a new point is about to bemade, select and organize key information).Cross Disciplinary StandardsI. Key Cognitive SkillsD. Academic behaviors1. Self-monitor learning needs and seek assistance when needed.2. Use study habits necessary to manage academic pursuits andrequirements.3. Strive for accuracy and precision.4. Persevere to complete and master tasks.E. Work habits1. Work independently.2. Work collaboratively.Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
ROUTES of DRUG ADMINISTRATIONROUTEAPPROXIMATEONSET OFACTIONINDICATIONSEXAMPLESoral (PO, p.o.)whenever possible, safest andmost convenient routemost medications,e.g. analgesics,sedatives,hypnotics, antibioticsseveral minutesNTG (nitroglycerin)in angina pectorisbuccal (bucc.)androgenic drugsrectal (p.r.)when patients are unable totake oral medications andparenteralroute is not indicated,also forlocal effectconvenient dosage form,providescontinuous absorption andsystemiceffects over extended time(hours, days, etc.)nitroglycerin,estrogen,morphinesubcutaneous(sq, s.c., subq.,subcu)several minutesfor drugs with poor oralabsorption,when high blood levels arerequired,when rapid effect is desirednarcotic analgesicsantibioticsintravenous(i.v., I.V.)I.V. fluidsnutrientsupplementationantibioticsresuscitative drugsCopyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
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Routes of Administration

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