Saifullah A. Jaaman, Yuhana U. Lah-Anyi & Graham J. PierceRESULTSHunting rates estimated from interview dataOf 1,186 respondents interviewed, 294 (25%) said they hunted marine mammals or reportedhunting activities of their fathers/grandfathers in the past (Table 2). Two hundred and thirty-one(79%) caught dugongs, 14 (5%) caught dolphins and 49 (17%) caught both groups of marinemammals. Hunting was reported in all interview year, interview season, region, ethnic origin,fishing gear-type and boat-type categories, except by fishermen using inboard-powered boats.An estimated total of 326 dolphins and 796 dugongs was reported taken annually with amean catch of 5.2 dolphins (95% CI = 4.01 – 6.34) and 2.8 dugongs (95% CI = 2.47 – 3.21) perhunter (Table 2). The Northeastern region recorded the highest number of dolphin or dugonghunters, number of animals caught and mean annual catch per hunter. The pump-engine boatcategory recorded the highest number of dolphin hunters, number of animals caught and meanannual catch per hunter. Although the numbers of dugong hunters and animals caught werehighest in the pump-engine boat category, the highest mean annual dugong catch per hunter wasrecorded in the outboard-engine boat category.Around 4,626 dolphins (95% CI = 3,267 – 6,185) and 12,279 dugongs (95% CI = 10,554 –14,103) were estimated to be caught annually by fishermen in the past (Table 3).About half of theestimated total numbers of dolphins and dugongs caught were from the Northeastern region. Thecombined outboard-powered boat category contributed the majority of the total estimated catch.Factors affecting the reported hunting incidenceIn conducting GLM analysis, data from fishermen using inboard-powered boats were excludedas this category reported no marine mammal hunting (i.e. all values for numbers of animalscaught were zero). All fishermen using non-powered boats reported zero dolphin catches andthese data were excluded from the dolphin hunting analysis.Binomial GLM confirmed the existence of significant effects of fishing gear-type andboat-type on the overall reported incidence of marine mammal hunting in the past (Table 4). Ahigher proportion of fishermen using gillnets admitted to hunting marine mammals, ascompared to fishermen using traditional gears. A higher proportion of fishermen using nonpoweredboats said they hunted in the past, as compared to fishermen using boats withoutboard- and pump-engines. There were no effects of interview year, region and ethnic group.Inthecaseofdolphinhunting,allfishermenwhoadmittedhuntingwerefromtheethnicBajauand this variable was subsequently excluded from the model. Only region had significant effect on thereported incidence of dolphin hunting.Ahigher proportion of respondents from the Northeastern andEasternregionssaidtheyhuntedtheanimals,ascomparedtorespondentsfromtheWesternregion.In the case of dugong hunting, there were significant fishing gear-type and boat-typeeffects. As for hunting of marine mammals in the past, there was a higher incidence of dugonghunting reported from fishermen using gillnets than traditional gears. A higher proportion offishermen using non-powered boats said they hunted dugong in the past, as compared tofishermen using boats with outboard- and pump-engines.The quasi-Poisson GLM for numbers of dolphins reported killed included effects ofinterview year, region and boat-type, but only the effect of region and boat-type were significant(Table 5). Numbers reported killed were higher for the Northeastern and Eastern regions than theWestern region and higher for fishermen using pump-engine boats than boats with outboardengines.There was no effect of ethnic group. The quasi-Poisson GLM for numbers of dugongsreported killed included no significant effect of any of the explanatory variables.6
Directed Fisheries For Dolphins And Dugong In Sabah, East <strong>Malaysia</strong>: Past And PresentTable 2. Summary of marine mammal hunting in Sabah; showing the total number of fishermen,number of fishermen interviewed, number of fishermen reporting animal catchesand the mean annual catch per hunter.INTERVIEWS DOLPHIN HUNTINGDUGONG HUNTINGFishing regionFishing boatTotal number offishermenNumber of fishermeninterviewedNumber of fishermenwith catch (hunters)Number of fishermenwith catch (hunters)Number of animalstaken annuallyMean annual catchper hunter95% CI (lower limit)95% CI (upper limit)Number of fishermenwith catch (hunters)Number of animalstaken annuallyMean annual catchper hunter95% CI (lower limit)95% CI (upper limit)EasternNorth-easternWesternInboardNon-poweredOutboard-enginePump-engineAll boatsInboardNon-poweredOutboard-enginePump-engineAll boatsInboardNon-poweredOutboard-enginePump-engineAll boatsInboardNon-powered16581276<strong>23</strong>5352873084<strong>23</strong>744375983317951382254857251299647227416<strong>23</strong>01521875311262410912<strong>23</strong>814176332538165370All regionsOutboard-engine 503225 68 2.7 1.70 3.75Pump-engine 927638 258 6.8 5.14 8.43Grand total 20845 1186 294 63 326 5.2 4.01 6.3409193967016528114907442778032115147011142501319301562787114401481881<strong>23</strong>244.65.94.02.614.102.446.527.625.639153660164977142744277832108140134311417018196205419811286206403514042.83.02.61.33.32.91.962.412.030.752.692.313.703.493.271.763.8<strong>23</strong>.46280 796 2.8 2.47 3.217
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