Light Mirrors and Lenses (3379.0K) - McGraw-Hill Higher Education

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VISUALIZING REFLECTIONS IN CONCAVEMIRRORSFigure 13Glance into a flat plane mirror andyou’ll see an upright image of yourself.But look into a concave mirror,and you might see yourself larger than life,right side up, or upside down—or not atall! This is because the way a concave mirrorforms an image depends on the positionof an object in front of the mirror, asshown here.Optical axisFocalpointA concave mirror reflects all light rays travelingparallel to the optical axis so that they pass throughthe focal point.ObjectFocalpointFocal pointOptical axisOptical axisInverted imageWhen an object, such as this flower, isplaced beyond the focal point, the mirrorforms an image that is inverted.When a source of light is placed at the focal point,a beam of parallel light rays is formed. The concavemirror in a flashlight, for example, creates a beam ofparallel light rays.ObjectUpright imageFocal pointOptical axisIf the flower is between the focalpoint and the mirror, the mirrorforms an upright, enlarged image.SECTION 2 Reflection and Mirrors 559(l)Digital Stock, (r)Joseph Palmieri/Pictor
Figure 14 A convex mirror is a mirror that curves outward.Optical axisStudentConvex mirrorsurfaceImageA convex mirror causes light rays thatare traveling parallel to the opticalaxis to spread apart after they arereflected.Optical axisNo matter how far an object isfrom a convex mirror, the imageis always upright and smallerthan the object.Convex Mirrors A convexmirror has a reflecting surfacethat curves outward and causeslight rays to spread apart, ordiverge, as shown in Figure 14.Like the image formed by planemirror, the image formed by aconvex mirror seems to bebehind the mirror. Figure 14shows that the image always isupright and smaller than theobject.Convex mirrors often areused as security mirrors instores and as outside rearviewmirrors on cars and othervehicles. You can see a largerarea reflected in a convex mirrorthan in other mirrors.SummaryReflection•and Plane MirrorsThe law of reflection states that the angle of•incidence equals the angle of reflection.A regular reflection is produced by a smoothsurface, such as a mirror. A rough surface•forms a diffuse reflection.Scattering occurs when light rays traveling inone direction are made to travel in many•directions.A plane mirror forms a image that is reversedleft to right and seems to be behind the mirror.•Concave and Convex MirrorsConcave mirrors curve inward and make light•rays converge.Images formed by a concave mirror can beeither upright or inverted and can vary from•larger to smaller than the object.Convex mirrors curve outward and make light•rays diverge.Images formed by a convex mirror are alwaysupright and smaller than the object.Self Check1. Describe the image formed by a concave mirrorwhen an object is less than one focal length fromthe mirror.2. Explain why concave mirrors are used in flashlights andautomobile headlights.3. Describe If an object is more than one focal lengthfrom a concave mirror, how does the image formed bythe mirror change as the object moves farther from themirror?4. Determine which light rays striking a concave mirrorare reflected so that they pass through the focal point.5. Think Critically After you wash and wax a car, youcan see your reflection in the car’s surface. Before youwashed and waxed the car, no reflection could be seen.Explain.6. Use a Spreadsheet Make a table using a spreadsheetcomparing the images formed by plane, concave, andconvex mirrors. Include in your table how the imagesdepend on the distance of the object from the mirror.560 CHAPTER 19 Light, Mirrors, and Lensesips.msscience.com/self_check_quiz
Page 2 and 3: Start-Up ActivitiesBending LightEve
Page 4: Light Travels Through Space There i
Page 7 and 8: Figure 7 The three primarycolor pig
Page 9 and 10: Figure 9 A highly magnifiedview of
Page 11: Topic: Concave MirrorsVisit ips.mss
Page 15 and 16: Refraction and Lenses■ Determine
Page 17 and 18: Figure 18 A convexlens forms an ima
Page 19 and 20: CladdingPlastic fiberLight rayFigur
Page 21 and 22: Forming an Imagewith a LensProcedur
Page 23 and 24: ObjectDiaphragmLensFigure 25 A came
Page 25 and 26: Goals■ Measure the imagedistance
Page 27 and 28: SOMETIMESGREATDISCOVERIESHAPPEN BYA
Page 29 and 30: concave lens p. 565convex lens p. 5
Page 31 and 32: Record your answers on the answer s

Light Mirrors and Lenses (3379.0K) - McGraw-Hill Higher Education

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