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STEP 14 PreparationROOTS 9REDUCING RISK OF DISASTER IN OUR COMMUNITIES– Literacy should not be assumed. Participatory tools enable people who are not literate toparticipate in information gathering and analysis; hand-drawn pictures or locally taken photoscan also be very helpful.– Sensitive issues should be dealt with carefully and appropriately.Here are some more tips on good facilitation:Top tips on groupfacilitationDOallow time for introductions and explanationsshow respect for all views / opinionswatch, listen, learn and show interestbe sensitive to feelings and culturebe prepared, but flexiblebe creativeshow humourbe willing to allow community members to take the leadfinish well, with thanks to everyone and agreement on the nextstep of processDON’Tteachrush through process at speedlecturecriticise contributionsinterrupt speakersdominate discussionslook boredignore cultural normslaugh at people’s ideasuse mobile phonesParticipationThe PADR assessment is based on a participatory approach, to ensure that all voices from thecommunity are heard. The more vocal members of the community or the leaders often tend todominate the group work. The team must ensure that every individual in the various groups isgiven opportunity to express their valuable opinion, which is eventually incorporated into thecommunity disaster risk management plan. There are a few simple ways of achieving this – forexample, if a few members dominate, or if all speak at once, introduce a stick (or other suitableobject) into the discussion. This object is given to the speaker – who hands it on to the nextspeaker; only the person holding the stick may speak.34 T E A R F U N D R O O T S R E S O U R C E S