Political Participation and Equality in Seven Nations, 1966–1971

ICPSRInter-university Consortium forPolitical and Social ResearchPolitical Participation and Equality in SevenNations, 1966–1971Codebook for Part 6, YugoslaviaSidney Verba, Norman H. Nie, and Jae-On KimICPSR 7768

POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND EQUALITY IN SEVEN NATIONS,1966-1971(ICPSR 7768)Principal InvestigatorsSidney Verba, Norman H. Nie, and Jae-On KimNational Opinion Research CenterFirst ICPSR EditionMarch 2000Inter-university Consortium forPolitical and Social ResearchP.O. Box 1248Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106

BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONPublications based on ICPSR data collections shouldacknowledge those sources by means of bibliographiccitations. To ensure that such source attributions arecaptured for social science bibliographic utilities,citations must appear in footnotes or in the referencesection of publications. The bibliographic citation forthis data collection is:Verba, Sidney, Norman H. Nie, and Jae-On Kim.POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND EQUALITY IN SEVENNATIONS, 1966-1971 [Computer file]. ICPSR ed.Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium forPolitical and Social Research [producer anddistributor], 2000.REQUEST FOR INFORMATION ON USE OF ICPSR RESOURCESTo provide funding agencies with essential informationabout use of archival resources and to facilitate theexchange of information about ICPSR participants'research activities, users of ICPSR data are requested tosend to ICPSR bibliographic citations for each completedmanuscript or thesis abstract. Please indicate in a coverletter which data were used.DATA DISCLAIMERThe original collector of the data, ICPSR, and therelevant funding agency bear no responsibility for usesof this collection or for interpretations or inferencesbased upon such uses.

DATA COLLECTION DESCRIPTIONSidney Verba, Norman H. Nie, and Jae-On KimPOLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND EQUALITY IN SEVEN NATIONS,1966-1971 (ICPSR 7768)SUMMARY: This data collection consists of seven parts, sixindividual country datasets (Austria, India, Japan, theNetherlands, Nigeria, and Yugoslavia), and a comparativecrossnational dataset. Personal interviews were conducted from 1966to 1971 in seven nations, including the United States (the U.S.A.dataset can be found separately in POLITICAL PARTICIPATION INAMERICA, 1967 [ICPSR STUDY 7015], and is included in Part 7,Crossnational File). A set of core questions was designed toascertain political participation in both local and nationalaffairs. Questions were constructed to measure respondents'involvement in political organizations at both the local andnational levels, participation in formal and informal communitygroups, the extent of individual contact with public officials,attitudes toward recent political and social changes, andrespondents' interest in the political process. Basic demographicdata is also included. In addition, each national survey containssome items unique to that particular survey.UNIVERSE: Universe varied by country.SAMPLING: Sampling procedures varied by country.NOTE: The codebooks are provided as Portable Document Format (PDF)files. The PDF file format was developed by Adobe SystemsIncorporated and can be accessed using PDF reader software, such asthe Adobe Acrobat Reader. Information on how to obtain a copy ofthe Acrobat Reader is provided through the ICPSR Website on theInternet.EXTENT OF COLLECTION: 7 data files + machine-readable documentation(PDF) + SAS data definition statements + SPSS data definitionstatementsEXTENT OF PROCESSING: DDEF.ICPSR/ FREQ.PR/ MDATA.ICPSR/ REFORM.DOCDATA FORMAT: Logical Record Length with SAS and SPSSdefinition statementsdata

Part 1: Austria Part 2: IndiaFile Structure: rectangularFile Structure: rectangularCases: 1,769 Cases: 2,637Variables: 414 Variables: 384Record Length: 3,312 Record Length: 3,072Records Per Case: 1 Records Per Case: 1Part 3: JapanPart 4: The NetherlandsFile Structure: rectangularFile Structure: rectangularCases: 2,657 Cases: 1,746Variables: 272 Variables: 471Record Length: 2,176 Record Length: 3,768Records Per Case: 1 Records Per Case: 1Part 5: NigeriaPart 6: YugoslaviaFile Structure: rectangularFile Structure: rectangularCases: 2,169 Cases: 2,995Variables: 318 Variables: 232Record Length: 2,544 Record Length: 2,088Records Per Case: 1 Records Per Case: 1Part 7: Crossnational FileFile Structure: rectangularCases: 16,522Variables: 41Record Length: 186Records Per Case: 1

CROSS-NATIONAL PROGRAMINPOLITICAL AND SOCIAL CHANGE(ICPSR 7768)* * * * * * * * * * * *YUGOSLAVIA CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY* * * * * * * * * * * *PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORSSIDNEY VERBANORMAN H. NIEJAE-ON KIMMAY 31, 1978( PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT AND DATA WERE MADE POSSIBLEBY A GRANT FROM THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION )

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF ASSISTANCEAll manuscripts utilizing data made available throughthe Consortium should acknowledge that fact as well asidentify the original collector of the data. The ICPSRCouncil urges all users of the ICPSR Data facilities tofollow some adaptation of this statement with theparenthesis indicating items to be filled in appropriatelyor deleted by the individual user.The data (and tabulations) utilized in this(publication) were made available (in part) by theInter-university Consortium for Political and SocialResearch. The data for the Cross-National Program inPolitical and Social Change were originally collectedby Sidney Verba, Norman H. Nie and Jae-on Kim. Neitherthe collector of the original data nor the Consortiumbear any responsibility for the analyses orinterpretations presented here.In order to provide funding agencies with essentialinformation about the use of archival resources and tofacilitate the exchange of information about ICPSRparticipants' research activities, each user of the ICPSRdata facilities is expected to send two copies of eachcompleted manuscript or thesis abstract to the ConsortiumPlease indicate in the cover letter which data were used.

STUDY DESCRIPTIONThe national cross-sectional study that is described in thisdocument resulted from data collected for the "Cross-NationalProgram in Political and Social Change." This project hasbeen under the primary direction of Sidney Verba, Norman H. Nie,and Jae-On Kim. The "Cross-National Program" was a collaborativeprogram of survey studies in seven nations. The countries involvedwere the United States, India, Japan, Austria, Nigeria, Yugoslavia,and the Netherlands. Though the project began in 1964, thedata collection for the surveys took place at various times between1966 and 1971. The sample size for the cross-section surveysranged from 1,775 in Austria to 2,600 in the United States.Though there were common themes and general guidelines for thedevelopment of questionnaires and survey designs for the individualcountries, each survey was prepared and administered by expertsand research institutes within the given country. In general,each survey can be utilized independently as a representativenational cross-section survey. (See the section on SAMPLINGfor exceptions and qualifications.)The studies dealt with a wide range of questions but focusedmost heavily on citizen involvement in political life. A numberof publications have utilized these data -- some dealing withone or a few of the nations studies, others more generallycomparative.This codebook describes data utilized in a major comparativestudy of all seven nations, "Political and Social Stratification:A Cross-National Comparison," by Sidney Verba, Norman H Nie, andJae-On Kim, to be published in 1978 by Cambridge University Press.This work attempts to deal comprehensively with one aspect ofthe larger study: the ways citizens participate politicallyand the processes that lead them to do so.For a complete bibliography of works utilizing these dataand more information on the nature of the "Cross-NationalProject" and the scholars and organizations that have beeninvolved with it, refer to the appropriate appendices in "Politicaland Social Stratification."

USE OF THIS DOCUMENTThe data and variables reported in this document form onlya subset of the available data. In addition to the othercountry files there is a SEVEN-NATION COMPARATIVE FILEthat contains composite and derived variables. To tracethe history of a variable back to the original survey item, itis necessary to use the documentation for the individual countryfiles in conjunction with ths COMPARATIVE document.The documentation for each country includes the variablenames that are used in this codebook; the complete text of theitems as they appeared on the original surveys; and frequencydistributions for each of the items.The individual country codebooks are available in the sameform as this document and are identified as the "Cross-NationalProgram in Political and Social Change" and the appropriatenation. Complete datasets of all of the items on the individualcross-section surveys in either SPSS or BCD format are also available.The codebook and data for the United States have beenpreviously catalogued by the Inter-University Consortium forPolitical and Social Research as ICPSR Study Number 7015.A complete discusssion of the United States study and substantivefindings can be found in "Participation in America: PoliticalDemocracy and Social Equality," by Sidney Verba and Norman H.Nie. (New York: Harper and Row, 1972.)FILE STRUCTUREThis document is available in machine readable form withstandard carriage control and upper and lower case print.It has been formatted for 8 1/2 by 11 inch forms.The data for this file are available in two forms.an Osiris dictionary and data set. Alternatively a set ofAlternatively, a file of SPSS control cards and a BCD raw datafile can be obtained. Both forms use the same variable names.Whether or not SPSS is used to analyze these data, it isimportant to list the SPSS control cards. Included in thecontrol cards is an INPUT FORMAT statement, as well asa VARIABLE LIST and appropriate identifying labels. Theformat specification identifies the variables and theirlocation on the raw data file.If appropriate JCL is specified, the SPSS control file containsall of the commands necessary to generate an SPSS systemfile using SPSS Release 8.0 for IBM/OS systems.Note:The codebooks reference deck and column locations(e.g., "8:06-09"). These refer to the specifications on theoriginal questionnaires and do NOT correspond with variablelocations for the raw data file. The proper variable listand input format must be obtained from the SPSS control card file.The raw data file is in card image.

WEIGHTING OF CASESSince the probability of being included in a sample was not uniformfor each group in all countries except Austria and Japan, the samplecases were weighted. The sample weights were assigned in such a waythat the sample reproduces the population distribution (oncharacteristics employed as sampling criteria) and the actual sizeof the sample obtained.When the selection probabilities are based on a single criterionand the completion rates do not fluctuate widely from group togroup, the weights are made inversely proportional to the initialselection probabilities. Such a weighting was applied to the U.S.A.,Austria, the Netherlands, and Yugoslavia. Likewise, when the selectionprobabilities are uniform and there is no wide variation incompletion rates, no weights are applied. as was the case withJapan. However, when varying selection probabilitiesare combined with somewhat fluctuating completion rates, we appliedthe weights in such a way that both the selection rates and thecompletion rates are adjusted, as with India and Nigeria. Theweights are reproduced in Table I.The completion rate of interviews varied from country to country.For instance, in Yugoslavia, the completion rate was almost perfect,while in the U.S.A., owing to the quota-sampling, the completion ratewas not particularly meaningful. For other countries, the followingcompletion rates were obtained:Austria 78%India 95%Japan 82%Netherlands 76%Nigeria 77%

SAMPLINGThe Cross-National Participation Project is a complex and multifactetedresearch program. As such, there were many differentobjectives that influenced the overall design. In each nation wegenerated a national representative sample of a cross-section ofthe citizenry, a set of mini-community samples for 60-100communities, a sample of elites for each of these communities, andfinally numerous types of information on the demography andstructure of each of the communities. A detailed description ofeach facet of the design would take many pages. The descriptionhere will concentrate on the national cross-section samples andthe factors that influenced they way in which they were drawn.In Austria, Japan, the Netherlands, and the U.S., the cross-sectionsamples are representative of the entire nation. In the other threenations, the samples pertain to specified sub-national regions. Dueto the enormity of the cultural diversity and sheer physical size,only four states were sampled in India: Andhra Pradesh, Kujarat,Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal. The cross-section, is however,representative of the citizenry of those four states. For similarreasons, the study was conducted in only four of the six republicsof the Yugoslavian Federated Nation. The Republics were Croatia,Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia. In Nigeria, the situation is evenmore complicated. While we had originally planned a study of theentire nation, severe political tensions began to escalate rapidlyas we entered the period of our actual field work. The situationdegenerated, particularly in the North of the country, where violencehad broken out as we were still in the field. This added to ouralready difficult task of obtaining interviews with women in theMoslem North, lowering the response rate to a point at which we feltunwise to employ the data from Northern Nigeria in our analysis. Allthe data from Nigeria reported in this work, therefore, excludes thatregion of the country.In all countries except the U.S., the cross-section samples aremulti-staged area probability samples to the level of the individual.Due to cost considerations and because of our long experience goingsurveys in this country, the U.S. sample is a multi-staged areaprobability sample to the block level with block quota techniquesemployed for the final selection of Respondent's.The sample design began by stratifying according to region, culture,language, degree of urbanization and development, as well as otherrelevant characteristics as required in each nation to obtain asample containing the full national or sub-national variation. Withineach strata the Primary Sampling Units were selected with probabilityproportional to size. In those countries where PSU's representrelatively large areas, a second stage selection of second samplingunits was drawn, once again with probability proportional to size.There was in our design, a continuing tension between two objectivesof the study: to produce a highly reliable national cross-sectionsample that would enable us to describe and compare participatorysystems of each of the nations, while at the same time to maintainthe ability to focus on local communities as the most relevant andimmediate context for understanding political activity.

The first objective calls for a maximum number of sampling pointswith a minimum amount of clustering, while the second necessitatesa more limited number of sampling points, i.e., local communitieswith a relatively large number of respondents from each community.We resolved the tension between these two objectives by increasingthe number of interviews in each country beyond that which wouldnormally be collected for a cross-section national sample. However,we clustered these additional interviews in that subset of our PSU'stargeted as our sample of small communities. Thus, we enlargedor augmented the number of respondents interviewed in communitiesunder 50,000 population. Although the sampling details vary fromcountry to country, this general procedure has the following mainconsequences:1) The additional interviews while adding somewhat tothe quality and precision of the samples, do nothave as much positive impact as they would have,had they been spread out over all or most of thePSU's.2) The additional interviews in the small communitiesrequire weighting interviews in the large urbancenters. However, in order not to misrepresentthe power and efficiency of our samples, we havedivided all weights by a constant so that thenumber of weighted respondents reported in ouranalyses is equal almost exactly to the numberof respondents interviewed.In addition, there were the following deviations from pure probabilitysampling. In India, in the sample for the state of Kujarat, theselection probabilities were increased by 50% in order to obtainan adequate sample of this small, yet politically important urbanstate. Similar increases in the selection probabilities werealso carried out for the Republic of Slovenia and Macedoniawithin the Yugoslavian sample. These two republics are very smallparticularly in comparison to Croatia and Serbia and increases by100% of the selection rates was necessary in order to take accountof reasonable internal variation. Finally, in both Nigeria andIndia rural women were undersampled by substantial proportions.The experience of both national teams suggested three main reasonsfor undersampling rural residents in general, all women, andparticularly rural women. First, responses of the rural popalationand of women each tend to be highly homogenous in content. In therural sectors of these nations, it is extremely difficult to gainaccess to the women so that interviews may even be conducted. Lowliteracy rates in rural areas and the absence of any form of"outside the home" social activity for women, tend to create largenumbers of "don't know" and "inapplicable" responses for thesesegments of the population.As in the case of prior deviation from probabilisatic selectionweights, these deviations are adjusted in a similar way by sampleweights during the analysis phase.Detailed information on the Yugoslavia national sample design follows.

Since Yugoslavia is a country of different nations and ofnationalities with different cultural-historical backgrounds, it wasdifficult to secure sample respondents that would be representativeof the entire country. Therefore, the target population was initiallylimited to four republics -- Croatia. Macedonia, Slovenia, andSerbia -- which constitute a faitly diverse set of republics. Withineach republic selected, the final sampling was done in three stages:selection of communes, selection of local communities within eachcommune, and individual voters from each local community. Becauseof the importance of communes in Yugoslavian politics, it wasdecided to select as many communes as possible. The number actuallyselected was about one-third (125 communes) of the 374 communesexisting in the four republics. In each commune, three localcommunities were selected, and in each local community, eight voterswere chosen randomly.The selection of communes was done after stratifying entire communesin each republic by the proportion of the agricultural population.Then a systematic sample of 125 was made, giving probability ofselection of each commune proportional to its relative populationsize. Because of the difference in the population size of theserepublics, it was decided to select about proportionately twice asmany communes in Macedonia and Slovenia as in Croatia and Serbia toinsure an adequate number of communes for the smaller republics inour sample.The cross-section data were collected in the months of March andApril, 1971, and the total number of communes, local communities,and respondents by each republic are shown below.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CROATIA MACEDONIA SLOVENIA SERBIA TOTAL---------------------------------------------------------------------Number ofCommunes 29 18 24 54 125Number of LocalCommunities 87 54 72 102 375Respondents 696 432 576 1291 2995---------------------------------------------------------------------

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe are grateful for the initial support we received fromthe Ford Foundation and the Carnegie Corporation of New York.The National Science Foundation has supported not only thisarchiving project but various stages of data analysis.Numerous scholars and research institutes have contributedenormous energies and resources in this cooperative endeavor.They are expressly acknowledged in the substantive works stemmingfrom this project.Special thanks go to Ellen Clements, Barbara Pawloski, andDebra Gusnard who carried the burden of collating and typingthe codebooks. James Rabjohn and Edward Hamburg were responsiblefor actual data preparation.If there are questions concerning this document of itsassociated data, or if errors are detected, please contact:Cross-National Data ArchiveNational Opinion Research Center6030 South Ellis Ave.Chicago, Illinois 606371. REPUBLIC 01:01Republic1392 (1) Croatia432 (2) Macedonia576 (3) Slovenia2582 (4) Serbia2. RESPID 01:02-06Respondent Identification3. RESDLNTH 01:07How long have you been living in this community?21 (1) 1 year or less356 (2) More than 1 year to 5 years558 (3) More than 5 years to 10 years861 (4) More than 10 years to 20 years3123 (5) More than 20 years or entire life63 (9) NA

4. COMREL 01:08Do any of your close relatives live inthis community?1265 (1) No3661 (2) Yes56 (9) NA5. OWNHOUSE 01:09Do you or your family own a house?3385 (1) Owner of a house or apartment1168 (2) Tenant with a decree168 (3) Sub-tenant254 (4) Other7 (9) NA6. SCHLCHLD 01:10Do you have children under 15 years of agewho are in school? Do they go to schoolin this community or elsewhere?802 (1) No children2139 (2) All children older than 15659 (3) Has children under 15 years, butthey don't go to school194 (4) Has children under 15 years;some go to school in another community165 (5) Has children under 15 years;some go to school in the community,some go to school elsewhere977 (6) Has children under 15 years andall go to school in the community46 (9) NA7. READNWSP 01:11How often do you read the newspapers?1284 (1) Never703 (2) Less than once a week496 (3) At least once a week834 (4) Several times a week1663 (5) Daily2 (9) NAWhat do you usually read in the newspapers?

8. INTLNEWS 01:12International news1284 (0) Never reads newspapers1636 (1) No2049 (3) Yes13 (9) NA9. YUGNEWS 01:13News about domestic politics and economy1284 (0) Never reads newspapers1633 (1) No2052 (3) Yes13 (9) NA10. CULTURE 01:14News about culture and art1284 (0) Never reads newspapers2798 (1) No887 (3) Yes13 (9) NA11. SPORTS 01:15Sports news1284 (0) Never reads newspapers2066 (1) No1619 (3) Yes13 (9) NA12. GENLINFO 01:16Information and announcements1284 (0) Never reads newspapers2552 (1) No1133 (3) Yes13 (9) NA

13. STORIES 01:17Stories1284 (0) Never reads newspapers2604 (1) No1081 (3) Yes13 (9) NA14. LOCNEWS 01:18Local news, news about crime and accidents1284 (0) Never reads newspapers1172 (1) No2513 (3) Yes13 (9) NA15. ADS 01:19Advertisements1284 (0) Never reads newspapers3065 (1) No620 (3) Yes13 (9) NA16. REWARDS 01:20Rewards and games1284 (0) Never reads newspapers3111 (1) No574 (3) Yes13 (9) NA17. OTHRNEWS 01:21Other1284 (0) Never reads newspapers3545 (1) No140 (3) Yes13 (9) NA18. LISRADIO 01:22How often do you listen to the radio?664 (1) Never, almost never

370 (2) Less than once a week448 (3) At least once a week826 (4) Almost every day, up to 1 hour1570 (5) Almost every day, 1-3 hours1103 (6) Almost every day, 3 hours or more1 (9) NAWhat kinds of radio programs do you usually listen to?19. NEWS 01:23News664 (0) Never listens to the radio1232 (1) No3086 (3) Yes20. FOLKMUSC 01:24Folk music664 (0) Never listens to the radio592 (1) No3726 (3) Yes21. POPMUSIC 01:25Light music, pop songs664 (0) Never listens to the radio2107 (1) No2211 (3) Yes22. DRAMA 01:26Radio dramas664 (0) Never listens to the radio3418 (1) No900 (3) Yes23. QUIZ 01:27Quiz programs664 (0) Never listens to the radio3610 (1) No708 (3) Yes

24. EDUCPROG 01:28Educational programs664 (0) Never listens to the radio3677 (1) No641 (3) Yes25. ADSRADIO 01:29Advertisements664 (0) Never listens to the radio3420 (1) No898 (3) Yes26. OPERA 01:30Opera664 (0) Never listens to the radio4059 (1) No259 (3) Yes27. CLASMUSC 01:31Classical music664 (0) Never listens to the radio4150 (1) No168 (3) Yes28. OTHRADIO 01:32Other664 (0) Never listens to the radio4062 (1) No256 (3) Yes29. TVWATCH 01:33How often do you watch television?1438 (1) Never437 (2) Rarely539 (3) At least once a week204 (4) Daily, 1 hour1269 (5) Daily, 1-3 hours

1095 (6) Daily, 3 hours or more0 (9) NAWhat kinds of television programs do you usually watch?30. TVNEWS 01:34News1438 (0) Never watches television718 (1) No2818 (3) Yes8 (9) NA31. FILMS 01:35Films1438 (0) Never watches television867 (1) No2669 (3) Yes8 (9) NA32. TVDRAMA 01:36Dramas1438 (0) Never watches television1748 (1) No1788 (3) Yes8 (9) NA33. TVEDUCN 01:37Educational programs1438 (0) Never watches television2541 (1) No995 (3) Yes8 (9) NA34. TVMUSIC 01:38Light musical programs1438 (0) Never watches television1591 (1) No1945 (3) Yes8 (9) NA

35. TVQUIZ 01:39Quiz programs1438 (0) Never watches television1051 (1) No2485 (3) Yes8 (9) NA36. CONCERTS 01:40Concerts1438 (0) Never watches television3240 (1) No296 (3) Yes8 (9) NA37. THEATER 01:41Theater productions1438 (0) Never watches television2661 (1) No875 (3) Yes8 (9) NA38. OTHERTV 01:42Other1438 (0) Never watches television3004 (1) No532 (3) Yes8 (9) NA39. TITOPROP 01:43Have you heard about Tito's proposal for thereorganization of our country's government?What was the proposal?2267 (1) DK1339 (2) Incorrect answer1366 (3) Correct answer10 (9) NA

40. CHINA 01:44Do you know if the People's Republic of Chinais a member of the United Nations?524 (1) Yes, it is (incorrect)1266 (2) No, it is not (correct)3181 (3) Doesn't know11 (9) NA41. FRNDORTV 01:45If you had a chance to spend the evening withfriends just at the time when your favoriteradio or TV program was broadcast, whatwould you decide to do?429 (0) Doesn't listen to radio or watch TV1950 (1) Watch TV or listen to the radio1802 (2) Spend the evening with friends627 (3) Depends174 (9) NA42. TELLPROB 01:46If you had personal problems, would you tellthem to a relative, a friend, or an acquaintance,or would you prefer to write to the radio, television,or newspaper?788 (1) To no one278 (2) To the radio, television or newspaper3555 (3) To a relative, acquaintance or friend343 (4) Depends on the problem18 (9) NAWe are interested in the needs and problemsthat people have. Could you tell us whatneeds or problems trouble you most?43. PERNEED1 01:47-48One need or problem1244 (11) Financial210 (12) Farmer problems422 (13) Housing337 (14) Medical304 (15) Education187 (16) Employment58 (17) On-the-job problems91 (18) Personal relations108 (19) Physical environment

44 (21) Other44 (22) Inappropriate response19 (88) No problems13 (99) NA44. PERNEED2 01:49-50Second need or problem288 (11) Financial68 (12) Farmer problems110 (13) Housing126 (14) Medical99 (15) Education65 (16) Employment30 (17) On-the-job problems51 (18) Personal relations69 (19) Physical environment15 (21) Other13 (22) Inappropriate response4035 (88) No problems13 (99) NA45. PERNEED3 01:51-52Third need or problem30 (11) Financial6 (12) Farmer problems22 (13) Housing28 (14) Medical19 (15) Education16 (16) Employment6 (17) On-the-job problems3 (18) Personal relations16 (19) Physical environment6 (21) Other2 (22) Inappropriate response4815 (88) No problems13 (99) NA46. APERNEED 01:53-54(If respondent lists more than one problem)Which of these problems concerns you most?1157 (11) Financial206 (12) Farmer problems443 (13) Housing367 (14) Medical304 (15) Education213 (16) Employment56 (17) On-the-job problems88 (18) Personal relations116 (19) Physical environment

42 (21) Other42 (22) Inappropriate response37 (99) NA1911 (00) No problems47. WHOHELP 01:55-56If you have a problem, is there anyone whocan help you solve it? Who do you think isthe more able to help you, an individualor an institution?1911 (00) Has no problems23 (11) Self163 (12) Family, friends220 (13) Workplace298 (14) Appropriate institutions, theenterprise98 (15) Professionals365 (16) Local government77 (16) Republic or federal government24 (18) Social-political organizations46 (19) People in general12 (21) Other40 (22) DK1658 (88) No one47 (99) NA48. HOWHELP 01:57(If an institution or an official is mentioned)Do you think it would be sufficient to askcompetent offices for help through regularchannels, or would it be necessary to findan influential person or to bribe someone inorder to get help?3900 (0) Inapplicable; has no problems, no onecan help, has not mentioned aninstitution or official74 (1) It is necessary to bribe someone364 (2) It is necessary to find an influentialperson to intercede610 (3) The regular channels are sufficient34 (9) NAWhat are the most important needs or problemsof the people of your community?49. COMNEED1 01:58-59One community problem486 (11) Water supply, sewers

977 (12) Roads63 (13) Electricity12 (14) Public lighting70 (15) Garbage,hygiene, pollution31 (16) Natural disasters75 (17) Neighborhood upkeep17 (18) Construction of facilities217 (19) Public facilities58 (21) Farmer problems58 (22) Lack of consumer services81 (23) Traffic5 (24) Distance from town136 (31) Housing74 (32) Child-care, education36 (33) Medical service61 (34) Recreational and cultural facilites62 (41) Unemployment4 (42) Lack of labor force287 (43) Underdevelopment42 (44) General economy56 (51) Political problems23 (61) Other0 (71) Inappropriate response2035 (88) No problems0 (99) NA50. COMNEED2 01:60-61Second community problem298 (11) Water supply, sewers358 (12) Roads51 (13) Electricity27 (14) Public lighting64 (15) Garbage,hygiene, pollution26 (16) Natural disasters43 (17) Neighborhood upkeep39 (18) Construction of facilities66 (19) Public facilities36 (21) Farmer problems61 (22) Lack of consumer services63 (23) Traffic5 (24) Distance from town48 (31) Housing75 (32) Child-care, education60 (33) Medical service103 (34) Recreational and cultural facilites39 (41) Unemployment1 (42) Lack of labor force88 (43) Underdevelopment18 (44) General economy24 (51) Political problems24 (61) Other0 (71) Inappropriate response3348 (88) No problems0 (99) NA

51. COMNEED3 01:62-63Third community problem31 (11) Water supply, sewers43 (12) Roads13 (13) Electricity7 (14) Public lighting18 (15) Garbage,hygiene, pollution3 (16) Natural disasters20 (17) Neighborhood upkeep15 (18) Construction of facilities17 (19) Public facilities12 (21) Farmer problems33 (22) Lack of consumer services26 (23) Traffic1 (24) Distance from town14 (31) Housing26 (32) Child-care, education43 (33) Medical service37 (34) Recreational and cultural facilites32 (41) Unemployment1 (42) Lack of labor force16 (43) Underdevelopment6 (44) General economy18 (51) Political problems8 (61) Other0 (71) Inappropriate response4529 (88) No problems0 (99) NA52. ACOMNEED 01:64-65(If more than one problem is named) InYour opinion, which of these problems isthe most troublesome?514 (11) Water supply, sewers919 (12) Roads57 (13) Electricity9 (14) Public lighting67 (15) Garbage,hygiene, pollution39 (16) Natural disasters64 (17) Neighborhood upkeep18 (18) Construction of facilities197 (19) Public facilities65 (21) Farmer problems72 (22) Lack of consumer services66 (23) Traffic6 (24) Distance from town124 (31) Housing94 (32) Child-care, education62 (33) Medical service53 (34) Recreational and cultural facilites86 (41) Unemployment6 (42) Lack of labor force255 (43) Underdevelopment42 (44) General economy65 (51) Political problems

25 (61) Other0 (71) Inappropriate response0 (99) NA0 (00) There are no problems53. EXHLPCOM 01:66Could this problem be solved by those livingin the community, or would outside helpbe necessary?2035 (0) There are no problems, DK2350 (1) Help from outside the localcommunity would be necessary564 (2) Problems could be solved bypeople in the local community33 (9) NA54. EXWHOHLP 01:67-68(If outside help is necessary) Is there anyonewho can help the residents of your communitysolve their problems? Who do you think is moreable to help, people or institutions?2599 (00) There are no problems, problem canbe solved by people in thelocal community30 (11) Local government1691 (12) Commune government259 (13) Republic, federal government16 (14) Social-political organizations96 (15) Public services62 (16) Institutions37 (17) Economic organizations6 (18) Systemic changes are necessary28 (19) People in general22 (21) Other145 (99) NA55. HOWHLPLC 01:69(If an institution or an official is mentioned)Would it be sufficient for the people in thiscommunity to ask competent offices for helpthrough regular channels, or would it be necessaryto find an influential person to intercedeor to bribe someone in order to get help?2800 (0) Inapplicable; there are no problems,problem can be solved by residents,no institution or official person wasmentioned41 (1) It would be necessary to bribe someone

566 (2) It would be necessary to find aninfluential person to intercede1521 (3) Regular channels are sufficient54 (9) NAResearch project identification57. REPUBLIC 02:01Republic1392 (1) Croatia432 (2) Macedonia576 (3) Slovenia2582 (4) Serbia58. RESPID 02:02-06Respondent identificationWhen you have had a problem or when there hasbeen a problem facing your community, have youever turned to the head of the community or toany of the commune officials by either writingor visiting them?59. LCCON 02:07Have you ever contacted the head of the localcommunity?4195 (1) No contact364 (2) Once or twice408 (3) More than twice15 (9) NA60. REFLC 02:08Was your last contact with the head of thecommunity about some problem that affectedmostly you or your family, a group, or theentire community?4195 (0) No contact415 (1) Respondent and family238 (2) Group110 (3) Community24 (9) NA

61. SUCLC 02:09Did you feel that the contact was successful?Did it accomplish what you wanted it to?4195 (0) No contact199 (1) Unsuccessful334 (2) Successful215 (3) Very successful17 (4) DK if it was successful22 (9) NA62. ATTLC 02:10Aside from what was actually accomplished, didyou feel that the person contacted paid a lot ofattention to what you had to say, a littleattention, or no attention at all?4195 (0) No contact63 (1) No attention281 (2) Some attention411 (3) A lot of attention32 (9) NA63. ALONELC 02:11Did you make this contact alone, or were youjoined by others?4195 (0) No contact459 (1) Respondent was alone299 (2) Respondent was joined by others29 (9) NA64. INITLC 02:12Did you initiate the contact, or did you join others?4654 (0) No contact195 (1) Respondent initiated contact105 (2) Others initiated contact28 (9) NA65. CCON 02:13Have you ever contacted the head of the communeor a member of the communal council?4363 (1) No contact320 (2) Once or twice282 (3) More than twice17 (9) NA

66. REFCC 02:14Was your last contact with the head of thecommune about some problem that affected youor your family, a group, or the entire community?4363 (0) No contact332 (1) Respondent and family180 (2) Group83 (3) Community24 (9) NA67. SUCCC 02:15Did you feel that the contact was successful?Did it accomplish what you wanted it to?4363 (0) No contact196 (1) Unsuccessful251 (2) Successful140 (3) Very successful12 (4) DK if it was successful20 (9) NA68. ATTCC 02:16Aside from what was actually accomplished, didyou feel that the person contacted paid a lot ofattention to what you had to say, a littleattention, or no attention at all?4363 (0) No contact80 (1) No attention239 (2) Some attention277 (3) A lot of attention23 (9) NA69. ALONECC 02:17Did you make this contact alone, or were youjoined by others?4363 (0) No contact343 (1) Respondent was alone253 (2) Respondent was joined by others23 (9) NA

70. INITCC 02:18Did you initiate the contact, or did you join others?4706 (0) No contact149 (1) Respondent initiated contact96 (2) Others initiated contact31 (9) NA71. COFFCON 02:19Have you ever contacted some appointed officiallike the secretary of the commune?4573 (1) No contact209 (2) Once or twice178 (3) More than twice22 (9) NA72. REFCOFF 02:20Was your last contact with an appointed officialin the commune about some problem that affectedyou or your family, a group, or the entirecommunity?4573 (0) No contact261 (1) Respondent and family68 (2) Group55 (3) Community25 (9) NA73. SUCCOFF 02:21Did you feel that the contact was successful?Did it accomplish what you wanted it to?4573 (0) No contact149 (1) Unsuccessful129 (2) Successful90 (3) Very successful15 (4) DK if it was successful26 (9) NA74. ATTCOFF 02:22Aside from what was actually accomplished, didyou feel that the person contacted paid a lot ofattention to what you had to say, a littleattention, or no attention at all?

4573 (0) No contact83 (1) No attention155 (2) Some attention148 (3) A lot of attention23 (9) NA75. ALONCOFF 02:23Did you make this contact alone, or were youjoined by others?4573 (0) No contact272 (1) Respondent was alone113 (2) Respondent was joined by others24 (9) NA76. INITCOFF 02:24Did you initiate the contact, or did you join others?4845 (0) No contact60 (1) Respondent initiated contact51 (2) Others initiated contact26 (9) NA77. LSPCON 02:25Have you ever contacted a social-politicalorganization such as a trade union, theFederation of Veterans, the League ofCommunists or their functionaries in thecommune in relation to some problem?4660 (1) No contact128 (2) Once or twice173 (3) More than twice21 (9) NA78. REFLSP 02:26Was your last contact with a social-politicalorganization about some problem that affectedyou or your family, a group, or the entirecommunity?4660 (0) No contact166 (1) Respondent and family73 (2) Group61 (3) Community22 (9) NA

79. SUCLSP 02:27Did you feel that the contact was successful?Did it accomplish what you wanted it to?4660 (0) No contact120 (1) Unsuccessful106 (2) Successful63 (3) Very successful9 (4) DK if it was successful24 (9) NA80. ATTLSP 02:28Aside from what was actually accomplished, didyou feel that the person contacted paid a lot ofattention to what you had to say, a littleattention, or no attention at all?4660 (0) No contact67 (1) No attention100 (2) Some attention132 (3) A lot of attention23 (9) NA81. ALONELSP 02:29Did you make this contact alone, or were youjoined by others?4660 (0) No contact173 (1) Respondent was alone121 (2) Respondent was joined by others28 (9) NA82. INITLSP 02:30Did you initiate the contact, or did you join others?4833 (0) No contact65 (1) Respondent initiated contact52 (2) Others initiated contact32 (9) NA83. YNOCON 02:31(If no contact was mentioned) What are the mainreasons that you have not made any contacts?1376 (0) Has made contacts2413 (1) Has had no problems140 (2) Tried to contact, but couldn't

830 (3) Didn't believe that contacting wouldhelp161 (4) Other reason62 (9) NA84. REPRESLC 02:32Do you know which member of the commune councilwas elected during the last elections as arepresentative of your community? Can you tellme his name?2995 (1) Doesn't know name of council member829 (2) Incorrect response1142 (3) Correct response16 (9) NA85. LOCINRST 02:33Could you tell me if you are interested in theeconomic and political affairs of your commune?1953 (1) Not at all interested2088 (2) A little926 (3) Very interested15 (9) NA86. LGOVPERF 02:34How good a job do you think the commune assemblydoes in dealing with the major needs and problemsof the people in the commune?629 (1) A poor job2361 (2) An adequate job209 (3) A very good job1772 (4) DK, it is difficult to say11 (9) NA87. COMLAW1 02:35Suppose your commune assembly was consideringa resolution that you thought wrong orharmful. What could you personally do toprevent it from being passed?202 (1) Contact governmental officials3 (2) Contact social-political organizations211 (3) Participate in public meetings2 (4) Use the mass media49 (5) Vote against the bill376 (6) Other

71 (7) DK4031 (8) Nothing37 (9) NA88. COMLAW2 02:36What additional steps could you take?14 (1) Contact governmental officials5 (2) Contact social-political organizations2 (3) Participate in public meetings3 (4) Use the mass media0 (5) Vote against the bill3 (6) Other2 (7) DK4916 (8) Nothing37 (9) NA89. COMLAW3 02:37What else could you do to prevent the resolutionfrom being passed?3 (1) Contact governmental officials0 (2) Contact social-political organizations0 (3) Participate in public meetings2 (4) Use the mass media0 (5) Vote against the bill0 (6) Other2 (7) DK4938 (8) Nothing37 (9) NA90. LOCEFF 02:38(If respondent thinks he can do something toprevent the resolution from being passed)If you were to make such an effort, howlikely is it that you would succeed?4142 (0) Couldn't do anything86 (1) Very unlikely230 (2) Unlikely367 (3) Depends136 (4) Somewhat likely20 (5) Very likely1 (9) NAWhen you have had a problem or when there has been aproblem facing your community, have you ever turnedto people outside the commune by either writing orvisiting them?

91. RFREPCON 02:39Have you ever contacted your representativein the republic or federal assembly?4815 (1) No contact93 (2) Once or twice64 (3) More than twice10 (9) NA92. REFRFREP 02:40Was your last contact with your republican orfederal representative about some problem thataffected you or your family, a group, or theentire community?4815 (0) No contact80 (1) Respondent and family33 (2) Group44 (3) Community10 (9) NA93. SUCRFREP 02:41Did you feel that the contact was successful?Did it accomplish what you wanted it to?4815 (0) No contact68 (1) Unsuccessful57 (2) Successful31 (3) Very successful0 (4) DK if it was successful10 (9) NA94. ATTRFREP 02:42Aside from what was actually accomplished, didyou feel that the person contacted paid a lot ofattention to what you had to say, a littleattention, or no attention at all?4815 (0) No contact23 (1) No attention55 (2) Some attention77 (3) A lot of attention12 (9) NA

95. NPRFREP 02:43Did you make this contact alone, or were youjoined by others?4815 (0) No contact94 (1) Respondent was alone62 (2) Respondent was joined by others11 (9) NA96. INIRFREP 02:44Did you initiate the contact, or did you joinothers?4909 (0) No contact38 (1) Respondent initiated contact24 (2) Others initiated contact11 (9) NA97. RFOFFCON 02:45Have you ever contacted leading officials inthe republic or federal government bodies?4858 (1) No contact92 (2) Once or twice24 (3) More than twice8 (9) NA98. REFRFOFF 02:46Was your last contact with a republic or federalofficial about some problem that affected you oryour family, a group, or the entire community?4858 (0) No contact79 (1) Respondent and family16 (2) Group19 (3) Community10 (9) NA99. SUCRFOFF 02:47Did you feel that the contact was successful?Did it accomplish what you wanted it to?4858 (0) No contact50 (1) Unsuccessful25 (2) Successful34 (3) Very successful5 (4) DK if it was successful10 (9) NA

100. ATTRFOFF 02:48Aside from what was actually accomplished, didyou feel that the person contacted paid a lot ofattention to what you had to say, a littleattention, or no attention at all?4858 (0) No contact24 (1) No attention33 (2) Some attention57 (3) A lot of attention10 (9) NA101. NPRFOFF 02:49Did you make this contact alone, or were youjoined by others?4858 (0) No contact85 (1) Respondent was alone26 (2) Respondent was joined by others13 (9) NA102. INIRFOFF 02:50Did you initiate the contact, or did you joinothers?4943 (0) No contact18 (1) Respondent initiated contact8 (2) Others initiated contact13 (9) NA103. RFSPCON 02:51Have you ever contacted social-politicalorganizations such as the League of Communists,the trade unions, the Socialist Alliance, theFederation of Veterans, or their functionarieson the republic or federal level in relation tosome problem?4862 (1) No contact74 (2) Once or twice36 (3) More than twice10 (9) NA

104. REFRFSP 02:52Was your last contact with a social-politicalorganization about some problem that affectedyou or your family, a group, or the entirecommunity?4862 (0) No contact74 (1) Respondent and family22 (2) Group14 (3) Community10 (9) NA105. SUCRFSP 02:53Did you feel that the contact was successful?Did it accomplish what you wanted it to?4862 (0) No contact40 (1) Unsuccessful36 (2) Successful27 (3) Very successful7 (4) DK if it was successful10 (9) NA106. ATTRFSP 02:54Aside from what was actually accomplished, didyou feel that the person contacted paid a lot ofattention to what you had to say, a littleattention, or no attention at all?4862 (0) No contact18 (1) No attention38 (2) Some attention54 (3) A lot of attention10 (9) NA107. ALONRFSP 02:55Did you make this contact alone, or were youjoined by others?4862 (0) No contact74 (1) Respondent was alone34 (2) Respondent was joined by others12 (9) NA108. INITRFSP 02:56Did you initiate the contact, or did you joinothers?

4936 (0) No contact22 (1) Respondent initiated contact9 (2) Others initiated contact15 (9) NA109. TITOCON 02:57What about contacting President Tito? Haveyou ever talked to him or written to him aboutsome problem?4911 (1) No contact56 (2) Once or twice5 (3) More than twice10 (9) NA110. REFTITO 02:58Was your last contact with President Tito aboutsome problem that affected you or your family,a group, or the entire community?4911 (0) No contact45 (1) Respondent and family6 (2) Group10 (3) Community10 (9) NA111. SUCTITO 02:59Did you feel that the contact was successful?Did it accomplish what you wanted it to?4911 (0) No contact15 (1) Unsuccessful20 (2) Successful23 (3) Very successful2 (4) DK if it was successful11 (9) NA112. ATTTITO 02:60Aside from what was actually accomplished, didyou feel that the person contacted paid a lot ofattention to what you had to say, a littleattention, or no attention at all?4911 (0) No contact6 (1) No attention22 (2) Some attention32 (3) A lot of attention11 (9) NA

113. ALONTITO 02:61Did you make this contact alone, or were youjoined by others?4911 (0) No contact45 (1) Respondent was alone16 (2) Respondent was joined by others10 (9) NA114. INITITO 02:62Did you initiate the contact, or did you joinothers4956 (0) No contact9 (1) Respondent initiated contact6 (2) Others initiated contact11 (9) NA115. CITOBL1 02:63What do you think are the most important dutiesof a citizen of this country?1085 (1) National defense614 (2) Obey laws489 (3) Be active, be informed politically396 (4) Fulfill moral duties919 (5) Work, take care of family105 (6) Other1223 (8) DK151 (9) NA116. CITOBL2 02:64Second important duty of a citizen of this country364 (1) National defense246 (2) Obey laws297 (3) Be active, be informed politically137 (4) Fulfill moral duties231 (5) Work, take care of family19 (6) Other3637 (8) DK151 (9) NA

117. CITOBL3 02:65Third important duty of a citizen of this country35 (1) National defense24 (2) Obey laws40 (3) Be active, be informed politically20 (4) Fulfill moral duties20 (5) Work, take care of family3 (6) Other4689 (8) DK151 (9) NA118. POLAND 02:66Do you know in which socialist country importantchanges at the top occurred?3059 (1) DK667 (2) Incorrect response1241 (3) Correct response15 (9) NA119. LEADERS 02:67Do you know which important politicians diedlast year?1996 (1) DK102 (2) Both responses correct303 (3) De Gaulle889 (4) Nasser1687 (5) Both responses incorrect5 (9) NA120. ACTIONS 02:68Almost every community carries out some actionsin order to meet the most urgent needs and solvethe problems of their citizens. Have you evercooperated in such actions by financialcontributions, material, or work?1769 (1) There were no such actions, doesn'tremember such actions359 (2) Never participated in such actions911 (3) Rarely918 (4) Frequently1018 (5) Almost always, always7 (9) NA

121. IDEAACTN 02:69(If respondent participated in actions) Have youever initiated such an action? I mean, have youever suggested an action or tried to persuade otherpeople to cooperate in an action?2128 (0) No such actions, doesn't remember suchactions, has never participated insuch actions2004 (1) No, has never initiated an action318 (2) Yes, once485 (3) Yes, more than once47 (9) NA122. YNOTACTN 02:70(If respondent did not participate in actions) Inevery action there are residents who do not participate.Some of them don't cooperate because theydon't agree with such actions while others havesome other reasons. Could you tell me why youhave not participated?4616 (0) Respondent has participated, there wereno actions, doesn't remember actions54 (1) Age, physical disability93 (2) No time26 (3) Others in family participate36 (4) No interest7 (5) No resources38 (6) Doesn't know of any actions12 (7) Opposed to the actions thus far8 (8) Other92 (9) NA123. ACTNPROB 02:71-72Is any action taking place in your community atthe present time? Can you tell me what it isabout?565 (11) Roads32 (12) Neighborhood upkeep228 (13) Sewers, water supply39 (14) Electricity69 (15) Other communal problems101 (21) Schools, culture, child-care, education29 (31) Health, hygiene36 (41) Welfare168 (51) Self-contributions, loans12 (61) Civil defense44 (71) Other3658 (88) None, DK1 (99) NA

124. CONFLICT 02:73When community actions occur in some communitieseveryone agrees on what should be done. In others,there is a lot of discussion and conflicting opinion.Do you think such conflicts are useful or harmful tothe community?1133 (1) Harmful933 (2) Depends1616 (3) Useful1274 (4) DK36 (9) NA125. TAKESIDE 02:74If there is such a conflict in your community,do you usually take sides or try to stay out ofthe conflict?1769 (0) There were no actions, doesn'tremember actions230 (1) There were no conflicts1258 (2) Tries to stay out of the conflict668 (3) Depends on the action736 (4) Usually takes part321 (9) NAResearch project identification126. REPUBLIC 03:01REPUBLIC1392 (1) CROATIA432 (2) MACEDONIA576 (3) SLOVENIA2582 (4) SERBIA127. RESPID 03:02-06128. ACTIONS1 03:07Besides the actions in which almost all of thecitizens of the community participate, thereare minor actions in which smaller groups takepart. Have you ever participated in a smalleraction to solve the problems of a smaller groupof people? How often?3336 (1) There were no smaller actions, doesnot remember smaller actions519 (2) Never participated in smaller actions

299 (3) Once815 (4) More than once13 (9) NA129. ACTPROB1 03:08-09What kinds of problems have you tried to solve?3855 (00) There were no smaller actions, hasnever taken part in smaller actions389 (11) Roads98 (12) Neighborhood upkeep92 (13) Sewers, water supply49 (14) Electricity72 (15) Other communal problems48 (21) Schools, culture, child-care, education17 (31) Health, hygiene139 (41) Welfare18 (51) Self-contributions, loans4 (61) Civil defense144 (71) Other57 (99) NA130. IDEAACT1 03:10Have you ever initiatd the idea for such anaction or were you invited by others toparticipate?3855 (0) There were no smaller actions, doesnot remember such actions, has neverparticipated in such actions658 (1) Was invited by others to participate160 (2) Initiated actions once288 (3) Initiated actions more than once21 (9) NA131. RELACTV 03:11How would you evaluate your activity in solvingcommon problems in comparison with the activityof others in your community? Would you say thatyou are more active, about as active, or lessactive than others?2005 (1) Less active than others2480 (2) As active as others405 (3) More active than others92 (9) NA

132. ACTIVSTS 03:12In each community there are some people whoare more active than others. Some of themencourage people to take part in common actions.Others attend all the meetings or discuss officialpolicies. Are there such people in your community?1426 (1) There are no such people; doesn't knowabout such people711 (2) Doesn't know if such people are useful138 (3) Usually their activity is not useful391 (4) Their activity is useful to themselvesalone2276 (5) Their activity is useful to the entirecommunity40 (9) NA133. MTGACTVS 03:13Are there people who always attend the meetingsin your community? Is their activity useful?1524 (1) There are no such people; doesn't knowabout such people744 (2) Doesn't know if such people are useful229 (3) Usually their activity is not useful414 (4) Their activity is useful to themselvesalone2034 (5) Their activity is useful to the entirecommunity37 (9) NA134. OFFACTVS 03:14Are there people in your community who alwaysdebate official policies? Is their activityuseful?1790 (1) There are no such people; doesn't knowabout such people654 (2) Doesn't know if such people are useful186 (3) Usually their activity is not useful312 (4) Their activity is useful to themselvesalone1998 (5) Their activity is useful to the entirecommunity42 (9) NANow I would like to ask you some questionsabout the organizations to which you belong

135. UNIONMEM 03:15Are you a member of a trade union?(If a member) Do you hold any position in thisorganization? (If doesn't hold a position)Have you attended a meeting or taken part inan activity of this organization in the lastsix months?3226 (1) Not a member974 (2) Passive member753 (3) Active member29 (9) NA136. UNIONPUB 03:16(If a member) Has this organization ever triedto solve problems in your local community? (Ifyes) Does this happen frequently, only rarely,or never?3226 (0) Not a member838 (1) Never668 (2) Rarely193 (3) Frequently57 (9) NA137. UNIONHP 03:17(If a member) If you had a problem that youwanted to discuss with the proper official,would membership in this organization be helpfulto you in making a contact?3226 (0) Not a member926 (1) Not helpful764 (2) Helpful66 (9) NA138. LEAGMEM 03:18Are you a member of the League of Communists?(If a member) Do you hold any position in thisorganization? (If doesn't hold a position)Have you attended a meeting or taken part inan activity of this organization in the lastsix months?4228 (1) Not a member202 (2) Passive member515 (3) Active member37 (9) NA

139. LEAGPUB 03:19(If a member) Has this organization ever triedto solve problems in your local community? (Ifyes) Does this happen frequently, only rarely,or never?4228 (0) Not a member116 (1) Never340 (2) Rarely256 (3) Frequently42 (9) NA140. LEAGHELP 03:20(If a member) If you had a problem that youwanted to discuss with the proper official,would membership in this organization be helpfulto you in making a contact?4228 (0) Not a member285 (1) Not helpful423 (2) Helpful46 (9) NA141. VETMEM 03:21Are you a member of the Federation of Veterans?(If a member) Do you hold any position in thisorganization? (If doesn't hold a position)Have you attended a meeting or taken part inan activity of this organization in the lastsix months?4267 (1) Not a member363 (2) Passive member292 (3) Active member60 (9) NA142. VETPUB 03:22(If a member) Has this organization ever triedto solve problems in your local community? (Ifyes) Does this happen frequently, only rarely,or never?4267 (0) Not a member171 (1) Never340 (2) Rarely136 (3) Frequently68 (9) NA

143. VETHELP 03:23(If a member) If you had a problem that youwanted to discuss with the proper official,would membership in this organization be helpfulto you in making a contact?4267 (0) Not a member286 (1) Not helpful361 (2) Helpful68 (9) NA144. SOCALMEM 03:24Are you a member of the Socialist Alliance?(If a member) Do you hold any position in thisorganization? (If doesn't hold a position)Have you attended a meeting or taken part inan activity of this organization in the lastsix months?2396 (1) Not a member1771 (2) Passive member782 (3) Active member33 (9) NA145. SOCALPUB 03:25(If a member) Has this organization ever triedto solve problems in your local community? (Ifyes) Does this happen frequently, only rarely,or never?2396 (0) Not a member815 (1) Never1159 (2) Rarely529 (3) Frequently83 (9) NA146. SOCALHLP 03:26(If a member) If you had a problem that youwanted to discuss with the proper official,would membership in this organization be helpfulto you in making a contact?2396 (0) Not a member1363 (1) Not helpful1118 (2) Helpful105 (9) NA

147. CULMEM 03:27Are you a member of a cultural society?(If a member) Do you hold any position in thisorganization? (If doesn't hold a position)Have you attended a meeting or taken part inan activity of this organization in the lastsix months?4743 (1) Not a member72 (2) Passive member105 (3) Active member62 (9) NA148. CULPART 03:28(If a member) Has this organization ever triedto solve problems in your local community? (Ifyes) Does this happen frequently, only rarely,or never?4743 (0) Not a member87 (1) Never63 (2) Rarely22 (3) Frequently67 (9) NA149. CULHELP 03:29(If a member) If you had a problem that youwanted to discuss with the proper official,would membership in this organization be helpfulto you in making a contact?4743 (0) Not a member109 (1) Not helpful62 (2) Helpful68 (9) NA150. SPORTMEM 03:30Are you a member of a sports organization?(If a member) Do you hold any position in thisorganization? (If doesn't hold a position)Have you attended a meeting or taken part inan activity of this organization in the lastsix months?4581 (1) Not a member100 (2) Passive member248 (3) Active member53 (9) NA

151. SPRTPART 03:31(If a member) Has this organization ever triedto solve problems in your local community? (Ifyes) Does this happen frequently, only rarely,or never?4581 (0) Not a member201 (1) Never71 (2) Rarely52 (3) Frequently77 (9) NA152. SPRTHELP 03:32(If a member) If you had a problem that youwanted to discuss with the proper official,would membership in this organization be helpfulto you in making a contact?4581 (0) Not a member198 (1) Not helpful122 (2) Helpful81 (9) NA153. CITCOMM 03:33How would you evaluate the amount of influencethe residents of your community have in dealingwith the problems of the community? Would yousay that they have a lot of influence, a littleinfluence, or no influence at all?322 (1) No influence2095 (2) A little influence1176 (3) A lot of influence1363 (4) DK26 (9) NA154. RELEFFY 03:34If you compare the amount of influence that youhave on solving the problems of your communitywith the amount of influence that others suchas local officials have, would you say that youhave more influence, about the same influence,or less influence than others?1044 (1) Less influence than others2527 (2) The same322 (3) More influence1069 (4) DK20 (9) NA

155. REPINRST 03:35Are you interested in the economic and politicalaffairs of your republic? Are you very interested,somewhat interested, or not at all interested?1522 (1) Not at all interested2149 (2) A little interested1297 (3) Very interested14 (9) NA156. RGOVPERF 03:36How good a job do you think the republicangovernment does in dealing with the major needsand problems of the people in this republic?Does it do a very good job, an adequate job, ora poor job?238 (1) A poor job2796 (2) An adequate job458 (3) A good job1481 (4) DK, it is difficult to say9 (9) NA157. PRESREC 03:37Do you know who the President of the ExecutiveCouncil of your republic is? Could you tell mehis name?3037 (1) DK586 (2) Incorrect response1352 (3) Correct response7 (9) NA158. PRESRA 03:38Do you know who the President of the RepublicanAssembly is? Could you tell me his name?3239 (1) DK487 (2) Incorrect response1254 (3) Correct response2 (9) NA159. AUTONOMY 03:39Some people say that the republics should havemore autonomy. Others say that the federalgovernment should make most of the decisions.What do you think?

1338 (1) Federal government should have morecontrol than it does now2048 (2) Republics should have more autonomythan they have now1575 (3) DK21 (9) NA160. VOTE 03:40Now I would like to ask you some questions aboutvoting. Do you always vote, occasionally vote,or never vote?278 (1) Never574 (2) Occasionally4065 (3) Always, almost always58 (4) Refuses to answer7 (9) NA161. YVOTE 03:41-42Could you tell me the main reason why you vote?278 (00) Never votes2238 (11) Citizen's duty147 (12) Citizen's right166 (13) Habit172 (14) Urged to vote209 (15) Forced to vote16 (16) Voting is useful114 (17) Voting is necessary808 (18) Voting is a means of influence80 (19) Interest94 (21) Satisfaction72 (22) Contribution128 (23) Other227 (24) DK233 (99) NA162. NCANDID 03:43In the last election for the communal assembly,was there more than one candidate for the sameposition? (If yes) From the point of viewof the interests of this commune, was it importantwhich candidate was elected or was there no differencebetween them?1948 (1) Doesn't know how many candidates therewere327 (2) There was only one candidate639 (3) It didn't matter which candidate waselected

962 (4) It was slightly important which candidatewas elected760 (5) It was very important which candidatewas elected299 (6) Doesn't know if it was important whichcandidate was elected47 (9) NA163. MEMBNOMC 03:44Have you ever been a member of a committee or aa group which nominated a list of candidates forthe elections of the commune, republic, orfederal assembly?4522 (1) No445 (2) Yes15 (9) NA164. LVOTRMTG 03:45Do you attend voters' meetings when candidatesfor elections are discussed?2736 (1) No, never1443 (2) Yes, sometimes797 (3) Yes, frequently or always6 (9) NA165. NOMCAND 03:46(If respondent attends electoral voters'meetings) Have you ever proposed a candidateat a voters' meeting?2736 (0) Doesn't attend voters' meetings1410 (1) No, has never proposed a candidate811 (2) Yes, has proposed a candidate25 (9) NA166. VOTRMTGS 03:47What about other voters' meetings? Do youattend them?2743 (1) No, never1584 (2) Yes, sometimes641 (3) Yes, frequently or always14 (9) NA

167. REPRESP 03:48In your opinion, what should a representativedo if his constituents want him to argue for oneposition but he is in favor of another which hethinks is better for his constituents? Should arepresentative in such a situation behave inaccordance with his voters' wishes, or should heplead for his own point of view?3563 (1) He should behave as his constituentswant him to609 (2) He should plead for his own point ofview771 (3) DK39 (9) NA168. REPRESRA 03:49Do you know who the delegate from your area tothe republican assembly is? Could you tell mehis name?3738 (1) Dk533 (2) Incorrect response709 (3) Correct response2 (9) NA169. RESPRESFA 03:50Do you know who the delegate from your area tothe federal assembly is? Could you tell me hisname?4051 (1) DK391 (2) Incorrect response540 (3) Correct response0 (9) NA170. CITGOVT 03:51In general, how much influence do you thinkthe people of this country have on the decisionsmade by the government? Do they have alot of influence, a little, or none at all?315 (1) None at all1830 (2) A little influence1280 (3) A lot of influence1536 (4) DK21 (9) NA

171. YUGINRST 03:52Are you interested in the economic and politicalaffairs of Yugoslavia? Would you say that youare very interested, somewhat interested, or notat all interested?1509 (1) Not at all interested2081 (2) Somewhat interested1376 (3) Very interested16 (9) NA172. FGOVPERF 03:53How good a job do you think the federalgovernment does in dealing with the major needsand problems of the people of Yugoslavia? Doesit do a very good job, an adequate job, or apoor job?295 (1) a poor job2821 (2) An adequate job495 (3) A good job1357 (4) DK14 (9) NA173. PRESFEXC 03:54Do you know who the President of the FederalExecutive Council is? Could you tell me hisname?2509 (1) DK431 (2) Incorrect response2034 (3) Correct response8 (9) NA174. WRKRCMEM 03:55Are you now, or have you ever been, a member ofa workers' council, board of directors, ortheir comissions?442 (1) Is a member560 (2) Was a member3971 (3) Has never been a member29 (9) NA175. HSCOMMEM 03:56Are you now or have you ever been a member ofa house committee?

109 (1) Is a member168 (2) Was a member4667 (3) Has never been a member38 (9) NA176. LCCMEM 03:57Are you now or have you ever been a member of alocal community council or its commissions?138 (1) Is a member194 (2) Was a member4612 (3) Has never been a member38 (9) NA177. MUNICAM 03:58Are you now or have you ever been a member of amunicipal assembly?24 (1) Is a member123 (2) Was a member4800 (3) Has never been a member35 (9) NA178. MUCMEM 03:59Are you now or have you ever been a member of amunicipal council or its commissions?75 (1) Is a member89 (2) Was a member4777 (3) Has never been a member32 (9) NA179. OTHSGMEM 03:60Are you now or have you ever been a member of anyother kind of self-government body in your workplaceor community?47 (1) Is a member19 (2) Was a member4868 (3) Has never been a member48 (9) NA180. WRKRCINF 03:61Do you think that self-government bodies inenterprises allow the workers to influencedecisions made in the workplace? Would you

say that workers have a lot of influence,some influence, or no influence at all?218 (1) They don't allow workers to haveany influence234 (2) They allow workers to haveinfluence, but the workers have none1393 (3) They allow workers to haveinfluence; workers do have someinfluence844 (4) They allow workers to haveinfluence; workers have a lot ofinfluence554 (5) They allow workers to haveinfluence; DK how much influenceworkers have1689 (6) DK if self-government bodiesallow workers to have influence50 (9) NA181. SGINFCOM 03:62Do self-government bodies in the commune allowthe people to influence decisions which affectthe commune? Do the people in the commune havea lot of influence, some influence, or noinfluence at all?228 (1) They don't allow workers to haveany influence258 (2) They allow workers to haveinfluence, but the workers have none1399 (3) They allow workers to haveinfluence; workers do have someinfluence690 (4) They allow workers to haveinfluence; workers have a lot ofinfluence575 (5) They allow workers to haveinfluence; DK how much influenceworkers have1794 (6) DK if self-government bodiesallow workers to have influence38 (9) NA182. SGINFLRF 03:63Do self-government bodies allow citizens toinfluence decisions made by the republican andfederal governments? Does the institution ofself-government give people a lot of influencesome influence, or no influence at all?298 (1) They don't allow workers to haveany influence253 (2) They allow workers to haveinfluence, but the workers have none

1259 (3) They allow workers to haveinfluence; workers do have someinfluence574 (4) They allow workers to haveinfluence; workers have a lot ofinfluence604 (5) They allow workers to haveinfluence; DK how much influenceworkers have1955 (6) Dk if self-government bodiesallow workers to have influence39 (9) NAResearch project identification185. REPUBLIC 04:01Republic1392 (1) Croatia432 (2) Macedonia576 (3) Slovenia2582 (4) Serbia186. RESPID 04:02-06Respondent identification187. NHSHOLD 04:07-08How many people are there in your household?(A household consists of persons who livetogether and spend at least part of theirincome jointly, e.g. for food, clothing, etc.Persons who temporarily are not livingwith their families are also included inthe household: students, seasonalworkers, etc.)198 (1) 107 (8) 4 (15)563 (2) 73 (9) 3 (16)958 (3) 42 (10) 2 (17)1245 (4) 17 (11) 1 (23)873 (5) 14 (12) 2 (24)557 (6) 11 (13) 2 (27)305 (7) 2 (14) 3 (99)188. HSRATE 04:09If you compare your household with otherhouseholds in your community, would you saythat you live better, worse, or about thesame as others?

196 (1) Much worse852 (2) worse3329 (3) About the same511 (4) Better51 (5) Much better43 (9) NA189. OWNFARM 04:10Does the household you live in own a farm?(If yes) What is the size of the cultivatedland that you own?2377 (1) Has no cultivated land741 (2) 1 hectaire or less547 (3) 2 hectaires456 (4) 3 hectaires329 (5) 4 hectaires532 (6) 5 hectaires or more0 (9) NA190. SELLCROP 04:11(For agricultural households) Are most of thecrops you grow sold or consumed at home?2377 (0) Not an agricultural household1981 (1) Mostly consumed at home386 (2) Half sold, half consumed230 (3) Mostly sold8 (9) NA191. OFFFARM 04:12(For agricultural households) Do some membersof your household work off the farm?2377 (0) Not an agricultural household1281 (1) No1205 (2) Yes19 (9) NA192. NHSINC 04:13-14How many members of your household have aregular monthly income (salary, pension,scholarship, etc.)?2072 (1)1331 (2)318 (3)47 (4)

16 (5)4 (6)1175 (88) No one has a regular monthly income19 (99) NA193. INCOME 04:15-16(If someone in the household has a regularmonthly income) What was the total regularmonthly income of all the members of yourhousehold last month?(In hundreds of dinars)13 (1) 235 (20) 6 (39)29 (2) 40 (21) 83 (40)33 (3) 61 (22) 2 (41)99 (4) 52 (23) 4 (42)108 (5) 14 (24) 3 (43)183 (6) 169 (25) 3 (44)201 (7) 26 (26) 33 (45)273 (8) 30 (27) 5 (46)178 (9) 36 (28) 1 (47)342 (10) 14 (29) 2 (48)114 (11) 160 (30) 2 (49)197 (12) 5 (31) 23 (50)127 (13) 28 (32) 1 (53)97 (14) 10 (33) 6 (55)171 (15) 6 (34) 19 (60)124 (16) 69 (35) 2 (65)67 (17) 13 (36) 5 (70)117 (18) 10 (37) 4 (98)51 (19) 8 (38) 1175 (00)194. WRKEXYUG 04:17Has any member of your household worked in aforeign country in the last few years? Forhow long?4454 (1) Nobody107 (2) Several months113 (3) About a year282 (4) More than a year22 (5) More than one person has worked in aforeign country. Their stays havebeen of different durations.4 (9) NA195. HLPEXYUG 04:18(If a member of the household has workedin a foreign country) Who helped himfind a job in that country?

4454 (0) No one works in a foreign country86 (1) Found the job himself161 (2) Relatives, friends45 (3) Workplace204 (4) Employment bureau20 (5) Other12 (9) NA196. OCRESP 04:19-20What is your occupation?396 (1) Unskilled, semi-skilled worker inbusiness67 (2) Unskilled, semi-skilled worker ona farm (in a cooperative)590 (3) Skilled, highly skilled worker inbusiness48 (4) Skilled, highly skilled worker ona farm (in a cooperative)147 (5) Employee, lower education441 (6) Employee, middle education122 (7) Employee, higher education180 (8) Employee, high education, free-lancer1773 (11) Farmer, housewife on a farm558 (12) Housewife91 (13) Student380 (14) Retired88 (15) Owner of a private enterprise99 (88) Other2 (99) NA197. JOBSATIS 04:21(If employed) Would you say that you aresatisfied with your job, somewhat satisfied,or dissatisfied?2888 (0) Not employed204 (1) Dissatisfied621 (2) Relatively satisfied1189 (3) Satisfied80 (9) NA198. MARITAL 04:22What is your marital status?504 (1) Single4077 (2) Married98 (3) Divorced299 (4) Widowed4 (9) NA

199. OCSPOUS 04:23-24What is (was) the occupation of your spouse?504 (0) Single347 (1) Unskilled, semi-skilled worker inbusiness67 (2) Unskilled, semi-skilled worker ona farm (in a cooperative)491 (3) Skilled, highly skilled worker inbusiness24 (4) Skilled, highly skilled worker ona farm (in a cooperative)75 (5) Employee, lower education357 (6) Employee, middle education117 (7) Employee, higher education182 (8) Employee, high education, free lancer1710 (11) Farmer, housewife on a farm756 (12) Housewife6 (13) Student168 (14) Retired91 (15) Owner of a private enterprise29 (88) Other58 (99) NA200. SEX 04:25Sex2593 (1) Male2389 (2) Female201. AGEGRP 05:26-27When were you born? (Respondent's age incategories)46 (15) 19 years or less420 (20) 20-24 years406 (25) 25-29 years568 (30) 30-34 years678 (35) 35-39 years743 (40) 40-44 years597 (45) 45-49 years371 (50) 50-54 years378 (55) 55-59 years377 (60) 60-64 years376 (65) 65 years and above22 (99) NA

202. EDRESPON 04:28What was the last year of school you completed?(Regular or special)551 (1) Has no education at all1572 (2) Four years or less of a primary school1212 (3) More than four years to eight yearsof a primary school586 (4) Occupational school721 (5) High school, teachers college,technical school331 (6) College9 (9) NA203. EDSPOUS 04:29What was the last year of school your spousecompleted?504 (0) Single587 (1) Has no education at all1611 (2) Four years or less of a primary school984 (3) More than four years to eight years ofa primary school447 (4) Occupational school464 (5) High school, teachers college,technical school311 (6) College74 (9) NA204. NATLTY 04:30-31What is your nationality?126 (11) Albanian31 (12) Montenegrin1217 (13) Croatian376 (14) Macedonian580 (15) Slovenian2194 (16) Serb28 (27) Yugoslav188 (37) Hungarian24 (47) Moslem185 (57) Other26 (88) Undecided7 (99) NA205. SPNATLTY 04:32-33What is the nationality of your spouse?504 (0) Single113 (11) Albanian48 (12) Montenegrin

1061 (13) Croatian325 (14) Macedonian458 (15) Slovenian2006 (16) Serb20 (27) Yugoslav180 (37) Hungarian20 (47) Moslem160 (57) Other19 (88) Undecided68 (99) NA206. RELIG 04:34What is your religion?703 (1) No religion (atheist)1742 (2) Catholic179 (3) Moslem2271 (4) Orthodox70 (5) Other17 (9) NA207. SPRELIG 04:35What is the religion of your spouse?504 (0) Single488 (1) No religion (atheist)1540 (2) Catholic164 (3) Moslem2149 (4) Orthodox66 (5) Other71 (9) NAResearch project identification210. PARCON 05:01Measure of number of contacts (local/extralocal)with a personal referent3985 (0) None476 (1)444 (2)77 (3)All responses to variables LCCON, CCCON, COFFCON,LSPCON, RFREPCON, RFOFFCON, RFSPCON, and TITOCONwere summed if codes were "2" or "3" on abovevariables and "2" on REFLC, REFCC, REFCOFF, REFLSP,REFRFREP, REFRFOFF, REFRFSP, REFTITO.

Missing values "9" on constituent variables werecategorized as "0" on PARCON211. SOCCON 05:02Measure of number of contacts (local/extralocal)with a social (group/community) referent4427 (0) None445 (1)105 (2)5 (3)All responses to variables LCCON, CCCON, COFFCON,LSPCON, RFREPCON, RFOFFCON, RFSPCON, and TITOCONwere summed if codes were "2" or "3" on abovevariables and "2" or "3" on REFLC, REFCC,REFCOFF, REFLSP, REFRFREP, REFRFOFF, REFRFSP,REFTITOMissing values "9" on constituent variables werecategorized as "0" on PARCON212. ELECWORK 05:03Measure of respondent's participation inelectoral activity including attendance atelectoral voters' meetings and nomination ofcandidates at these meetings2738 (0) Never participated in electoralactivity (Coded "1" or "9" on LVOTRMTGand "0" on NOMCAND)1102 (1) Infrequent attendance at electoralvoter meetings and never nominatedcandidated (coded "2" on LVOTRMTG and"1" on NOMCAND)398 (2) Frequent attendance at electoralvoters' meetings and never nominatedcandidate (Coded "3" on LVOTRMTGand "1" on NOMCAND)324 (3) Infrequent attendance at electoralvoters' meetins and nominatedcandidate (Coded "2" on LVOTRMTGand "2" on NOMCAND)485 (4) Frequent attendance at electoralvoters' meetins and nominatedcandidate (Coded "3" on LVOTRMTGand "2" on NOMCAND)25 (9) MissingMissing data "9" if coded "9" on NOMCAND

213. LOCWORK 05:04-05Measure of respondent's participation in formallyorganized communal activity includingtaking part in a formally organized communityaction and/or initiating the action2135 (1) Never participated (Coded "1," "9," or"2" on ACTIONS and "0" on IDEAACTN)795 (2) Rarely took part in actions andnever initiated action (Coded "3" onACTIONS and "1" or "9" on IDEAACTN)630 (3) Frequently took part in actions andnever initiated action (Coded "4" onACTIONS and "1" or "9" on IDEAACTN)619 (4) Always takes part in actions andnever initiated action (Coded "5" onACTIONS and "1" or "9" on IDEAACTN)62 (5) Rarely takes part in actions andinitiated action once (Coded "3" onACTIONS and "2" on IDEAACTN)129 (6) Frequently takes part in actionsand initiated action once (Coded "4" onACTIONS and "2" on IDEAACTN)127 (7) Always takes part in actions andinitiated action once (Coded "5" onACTIONS and "2" on IDEAACTN)54 (8) Rarely takes part in actions andinitiated action once (Coded "3" onACTIONS and "3" on IDEAACTN)159 (9) Frequently takes part in actionsinitiated action often (Coded "4" onACTIONS and "3" on IDEAACTN)272 (10) Always takes part in actions andoften initiated actions (Coded "5" onACTIONS and "3" on IDEAACTN)214. LOCWORK1 05:06Measure of respondent's participation ininformally organized communal activityincluding taking part in informal, smallscalecommunity actions and/or initiatingsuch actions3868 (1) Never participated (Coded "1," "2,"or "9" on ACTIONS1 and "0" on IDEAACT1)241 (2) Took part in action once and neverinitiated action (Coded "3" on ACTIONS1and "1" or "9" on IDEAACT1)425 (3) Often takes part in actions andnever initiated actions (Coded "4" onACTIONS1 and "1" or "9" on IDEAACT1)58 (4) Took part in actions once andinitiated actions once (Coded "3" onACTIONS1 and "2" on IDEAACT1)

118 (5) Takes part in actions often andinitiated actions once (Coded "4" onACTIONS1 and "2" on IDEAACT1)272 (6) Takes part in actions often andoften initiated actions (Coded "4" onACTIONS1 and "3" on IDEAACT1)215. COMPART 05:07Overall measure of respondent's involvementin and initiation of community actions--formaland informal (LOCWORK1 and LOCWORK)1992 (0) Never participated in any type ofaction1629 (1)603 (2)321 (3)181 (4)89 (5)167 (6) Participated in both types of actionoften and often initiated actions216. MUNICMEM 05:08Combined measure of respondent's participation(past and present) in municipal self-governmentorganizations (MUNICAM and MUCMEM)4727 (0) Not a member of either organization(Coded "3" on MUNICAM and MUCMEM)126 (1) Member of one organization(Coded "3" or "9" on MUNICAM and"1" or "2" on MUCMEM or vice versa)97 (2) Member of both organizations(Coded "1" or "2" on both MUNICAMand MUCMEM)32 (9) MissingMissing data "9" if coded "9" on both MUNICAMand MUCMEM217. NMEM 05:09Measure of number of organizations to whichrespondent belongs: UNIONMEM, VETMEM, CULMEMSPORTMEM2727 (0) No organizational memberships(Coded "1" or "9" on UNIONMEM, VETMEM,CULMEM, SPORTMEM1698 (1) Coded "2" or "3" on UNIONMEM, VETMEM,CULMEM, SPORTMEM

472 (2) Coded "2" or "3" on UNIONMEM, VETMEM,CULMEM, SPORTMEM75 (3) Coded "2" or "3" on UNIONMEM, VETMEM,CULMEM, SPORTMEM10 (4) Coded "2" or "3" on UNIONMEM, VETMEM,CULMEM, SPORTMEM218. NACTMEM 05:10Measure of number of active organizationalmemberships: UNIONMEM, VETMEM, CULMEM,SPORTMEM3892 (0) No active organizational memberships(Coded "1" or "2" or "9" onUNIONMEM, VETMEM, CULMEM, SPORTMEM823 (1) Coded "3" on UNIONMEM, VETMEM, CULMEM,SPORTMEM231 (2) Coded "3" on UNIONMEM, VETMEM, CULMEM,SPORTMEM31 (3) Coded "3" on UNIONMEM, VETMEM, CULMEM,SPORTMEM5 (4) Coded "3" on UNIONMEM, VETMEM, CULMEM,SPORTMEM219 ORGMEM 05:11Summary measure of organizational involvementwhich combines membership and degree ofactivity: UNIONMEM, VETMEM, CULMEM, SPORTMEM2727 (1) No organizational involvement(Coded "1" or "9" on UNIONMEM,VETMEM, CULMEM, SPORTMEM1165 (2) Inactive in one or moreorganization; active in none(Coded "2" but not "3" on UNIONMEM,VETMEM, CULMEM, SPORTMEM)1090 (3) active in at least one organization(Coded "3" on UNIONMEM, VETMEM,CULMEM, SPORTMEM)220. NACTSOLV 05:12Measure of number of organizations which areactive in the community in which respondent isan active member: UNIONPUB, VETPUB, CULPART,SPRTPART4730 (0) No active memberships in activeorganizations (Coded "1" or "2" or "9" onUNIONMEM, VETMEM, CULMEM, SPORTMEM222 (1) (Coded "3" on UNIONMEM, VETMEM, CULMEM,SPORTMEM, and "3" on UNIONPUB, VETPUB,CULPART, SPRTPART

25 (2) (Coded "3" on UNIONMEM, VETMEM, CULMEM,SPORTMEM, and "3" on UNIONPUB, VETPUB,CULPART, SPRTPART3 (3) (Coded "3" on UNIONMEM, VETMEM, CULMEM,SPORTMEM, and "3" on UNIONPUB, VETPUB,CULPART, SPRTPART2 (4) (Coded "3" on UNIONMEM, VETMEM, CULMEM,SPORTMEM, and "3" on UNIONPUB, VETPUB,CULPART, SPRTPART221. NMEMHELP 05:13Measure of number of memberships in organizationswhich help members to contact government officials(UNIONHP, VETHELP, CULHELP, SPRTHELP)3937 (0) No memberships in helping organizations(Coded "0" or "1" or "9" in UNIONHP,VETHELP, CULHELP, SPRTHELP)823 (1) Membership in one helping organization188 (2) Memberships in two helping organizations36 (3) Memberships in three helping organizations8 (4) Memberships in four helping organizations222. EFFICACY 05:14Measure of respondent's sense of politics inthe local community (commune). It combinesthe number of ways the respondent can thinkof to try to prevent the passage of a regulation(COMLAW1 or COMLAW3) and the likelihoodof his efforts succeeding (LOCEFF).4143 (0) Politically ineffective; respondentcould do nothing at all to prevent thepassage of the regulation (Coded "7," "8,"or "9" on COMLAW1 to COMLAW3)86 (1) One way, but very likely to beunsuccessful (Coded "1" through "6" onCOMLAW1 through COMLAW3 and coded"1" on LOCEFF)0 (2) Two ways, but very likely to beunsuccessful0 (3) Three ways, but very likely to beunsuccessful226 (4) One way, likely to be unsuccessful4 (5) Two ways, likely to be unsuccessful0 (6) Three ways, likely to be unsuccessful351 (7) One way, depends whether successfulor not12 (8) Two ways, depends whether successfulor not4 (9) Three ways, depends whether successfulor not131 (10) One way, likely to be successul4 (11) Two ways, likely to be successful1 (12) Three ways, likely to be successful

18 (13) One way, very likely to be successful2 (14) Two ways, very likely to be successful0 (15) Three ways, very likely to be successful;very efficacious (Coded "1" through "6"on COMLAW1 through COMLAW3 and coded"5" on LOCEFF)223. POLATT 05:15Additive index of attentiveness to politics inthe media using TVNEWS, INTLNEWS, YUGNEWS, LOCNEWS,NEWS846 (0) Completely inattentive (Coded "1" onall of above variables)779 (1)803 (2)832 (3)880 (4)821 (5) Very attentive (Coded "3" on all ofabove variables)21 (9) MissingMissing data "9" if coded "9" on any of abovevariables224. POLINRST 05:16Additive index of interest in politics on allthree governmental levels (LOCINRST, REPINRST,YUGINRST)1176 (0) No interest (Coded "1" on allthree variables)343 (1)545 (2)1289 (3)480 (4)489 (5)648 (6) Very interested (Coded "3" on allthree variables)Missing data "9" if coded "9" on any of abovethree variables225. KNOWLDRS 05:17Additive index of respondent's knowledge ofnames of Yugoslav political leaders (REPRESLC,PRESREC, PRESRA, REPRESRA, REPRESFA, PRESFEXC)1967 (0) None correct (Coded "1" or "2" onall of above variables)1214 (1)

541 (2)492 (3)332 (4)186 (5)112 (6) All correct (Coded "3" on all ofabove variables)Missing data "9" if coded "9" on any of abovevariables226. POLINFO 05:18Additive index of respondent's knowledge ofpolitics, other than names of politicians(LEADERS, TITOPROP, CHINA, POLAND)2150 (0) None correct (Coded "1" or "5" onLEADERS; "1" or "2" on TITOPROP;"1" or "3" on CHINA; and "1" or"2" on POLAND)1232 (1)778 (2)695 (3)95 (4)0 (5) All correct (Coded "2" on LEADERS;"3" on TITOPROP; "2" on CHINA; and "3"on POLAND)32 (9) MissingMissing data "9" if coded "9" on any of abovevariables227. INFO 05:19Overall index of political information; sum ofscores on KNOWLDRS and POLINFO1368 (0) Completely uninformed; none correct(Coded "0" on KNOWLDRS and POLINFO)971 (1)632 (2)463 (3)426 (4)298 (5)303 (6)237 (7)151 (8)71 (9)3 (10)0 (11) Completely informed; all correct(Coded "6" on KNOWLDRS and "5" onPOLINFO)59 (-9) Missing

Mising data "-9" if coded "9" on abovetwo variables228. WTFACTOR 05:20WTFACT = .6. If Republic = Croatia or Republic =Serbia, WTFACTOR = 1.21008 (1)3974 (2)

CONSTRUCTED VARIABLESPARCON Number of particularized contactsAll responses to variables LCCON,CCCON,COFFCON,LSPCON,RFREPCON,RFOFFCON,RFSPCON, and TITOCONwere summed of codes were '2' or '3' on abovevariables and '1' on REFLC,REFCC,REFCOFF,REFLSP,REFRFREP,REFRFOFF,REFRFSP,REFTITO.Missing values of '9' on constituent variableswere categorized as '0' on PARCON.2391 (0) No such contacts286 (1) One contact266 (2) Two contacts46 (3) Three or more contactsSOCCONNumber of grp and com referentcontactsAll responses to variables LCCON,CCCON,COFFCON,LSPCON,RFREPCON,RFOFFCON,RFSPCON,and TITOCONwere summed if codes were '2' or '3' on abovevariables and if '2' or '3' on REFLC, REFCC, REFCOFF,RFLSP,REFRFOFF,REFRFSP,REFTITO. Missing valuesof '9' on these constituent variables were coded'0' on SOCCON.2656 (0) Nonsuch contacts267 (1) One contact63 (2) Two contacts3 (3) Three or more contactsELECWORKAttend election meetings andnominate candidatesCreation was as follows:0 = (LVOTRMTG EQ 1 OR 9 and NOMCAND EQ 0)1 = (LVOTRMTG EQ 2 AND NOMCAND EQ 1)2 = (LVOTRMTG EQ 3 AND NOMCAND EQ 1)3 = (LVOTRMTG EQ 2 AND NOMCAND EQ 2)4 = (LVOTRMTG EQ 3 AND NOMCAND EQ 2)Missing data coded '9' if '9' on NOMCAND1643 (0) Never participate661 (1) Sometimes attend, never nominate185 (2) Always attend, never nominate194 (3) Sometimes attend, nominate291 (4) Always attend, nominate15 (9) Missing

LOCWORK Participation in and initiationof actionsCreated as follows:1 = (ACTIONS EQ 1 OR 2 OR 9 AND IDEAACTN EQ 0)2 = (ACTIONS EQ 3 AND IDEAACTN EQ 1 OR 9)3 = (ACTIONS EQ 4 AND IDEAACTN EQ 1 OR 9)4 = (ACTIONS EQ 5 AND IDEAACTN EQ 1 OR 9)5 = (ACTIONS EQ 3 AND IDEAACTN EQ 2)6 = (ACTIONS EQ 4 AND IDEAACTN EQ 2)7 = (ACTIONS EQ 5 AND IDEAACTN EQ 2)8 = (ACTIONS EQ 3 AND IDEAACTN EQ 3)9 = (ACTIONS EQ 4 AND IDEAACTN EQ 3)10= (ACTIONS EQ 5 AND IDEAACTN EQ 3)1281 (1) Never participate477 (2) Rarely participate, never initiate378 (3) Frequently participate, neverinitiate371 (4) Always participate, never initiate37 (5) Rarely particiapate, one time initiate77 (6) Frequently participate, one timeinitiate76 (7) Always participate, one time initiate32 (8) Rarely participate, often initiate95 (9) Frequently participate, ofteninitiate163 (10) Always participate, often initiateLOCWORK1Participation in and initiationof smaller actionsCreated as follows:1 = (ACTIONS1 EQ 1 OR 2 OR 9 AND IDEAACT1 EQ 0)2 = (ACTIONS1 EQ 3 AND IDEAACT1 EQ 1 OR 9)3 = (ACTIONS1 EQ 4 AND IDEAACT1 EQ 1 OR 9)4 = (ACTIONS1 EQ 3 AND IDEAACT1 EQ 2)5 = (ACTIONS1 EQ 4 AND IDEAACT1 EQ 2)6 = (ACTIONS1 EQ 4 AND IDEAACT1 EQ 3)2321 (1) Never participate145 (2) One time participate, often initiate255 (3) Often participate, never initiate35 (4) One time participate, one timeinitiate71 (5) Often participate, one timeinitiate163 (6) Often participate, often initiateCOMPARTCombined participation andinitiation of actionsCreated as follows:LOCWORK1 + LOCWORK

1195 0977 1362 2193 3109 453 5100 6MUNICMEMMember of municipal selfgovtorganizationsCreated as follows:0= (MUNICAM OR MUCMEM EQ 3)1= (MUNICAM OR MUCMEM EQ 1 OR1 OR 3 OR 9)2= (MUNICAM OR MUCMEM EQ 1 OR 2)Missing data coded '9'.Combined measure of respondent'spast or present participation inmunicipal self-government organizations.2836 (0) Not member of either76 (1) Member of one58 (2) Member of both19 (9) MissingPOLACTFactor scale-comm & electoralactivityA factor index of participation in electoraland communal activities. Includes MEMBNOMC,ELECWORK,VOTRMTGS, COMPART,SOCCON,LCCMEM,MUNICMEM.Missing data coded -9999Maximum 577.675Minimum -67.976Mean -0.012Std Dev 100.039NPOLSG1Factor scale - non politicalself govt activityFactor index of participation in non-politicalself-government organizations. IncludesWRKRCMEM and HSCOMMEM.Missing data coded -9999.Maximum 394.473Minimum -43.459Mean 0.044Std Dev 100.038

PARCON2 Factor scale - particularizedcontactingBased on variable PARCON.Maximum 383.233Minimum -45.761Mean 0.021Std Dev 99.979VOTE2 Factor scale - votingBased on variable VOTE.Maximum 44.086Minimum 8.003Mean -0.005Std Dev 100.041NEWPARTFactor scale - overall levelof political activityHigher order factoring of overall participation.Includes above four factor scales:POLACT,NPOLSG1,PARCON2,VOTE2. Missing data coded -9999.col 135.01Created as follows:0 = (UNIONMEM,VETMEM,CULMEM,SPORTMEM EQ 1 OR 2 OR 9)Addition of items if coded '3' on UNIONMEM,VETMEM,CULMEMSPORTMEM and on UNIONPUB,VETPUB,CULPART,SPRTPARTMaximum 501.759Minimum -181.278Mean 0.021Std Dev 100.029NACTSOLVNumber of active membershipsin com active orgs2838 (0) None133 (1) One15 (2) Two2 (3) Three1 (4) Four

NMEMHELP Number of memberships in helpingorganizationsMeasure of number of memberships in organizationswhich help members to contact govt officialsCreated from variables UNIONHP,VETHELP,CULHELP,SPRTHELP. Coded '0' of these variables equalled0 or 1 or 9.2362 (0) None494 (1) One113 (2) Two16 (3) Three5 (4) FourEFFICACYLikelihood of success tochng locreg2486 (0) Could do nothingMeasure of respondent's sense of political efficacyin the local community (commune). It combines thenumber of ways the respondent can think of to try toprevent the passage of a regulation (COMLAW1 to COMLAW3)and the liklihood of his efforts succeeding (LOCEFF)52 (1) 1 thing, very unlikely136 (4) 1 thing, unlikely2 (5) 2 things, unlikely211 (7) 1 thing, depends7 (8) 2 things, depends2 (9) 3 things depends79 (10) 1 thing likely2 (11) 2 things, likely1 (12) 3 things, likely11 (13) 1 thing, very likely1 (14) 2 things, very likelyPOLATT Attentiveness to politicsin mediaAdditive index of attentiveness to politics in themedia using TVNEWS,INTLNEWS,YUGNEWS,LOCNEWS,NEWS.Completely inattentive scored '1' on all variables;very attentive scored '3' on the above items.508 (0) Very inattentive467 (1)482 (2)499 (3)528 (4)493 (5) Very attentive13 (9) Missing

POLINRST Interest in politics - allgovt levelsAdditive index of interest in politics on allthree governmental levels; includes variablesLOCINRST,REPINRST,YUGINRST. Inattentive scored'1' on variables;attentive scored '3'.706 (0) No interest206 (1)327 (2)773 (3)288 (4)293 (5)389 (6) Very interested7 (9) MissingKNOWLDRSKnows names of govt leadersAdditive index of respondent's knowledge ofthe names of Yugoslav political leaders. Includesvariables REPRESLC,PRESREC,PRESRA,REPRESRA,REPRESFA,PRESFEXC. None correct score '1' or '2'on all above variables; all correct scored '3'.1186 (0) None correct728 (1)325 (2)355 (3)199 (4)112 (5)67 (6) All correct17 (9) MissingSESNEW6, Composite KJA SES Index in Six Categories481 1461 2450 3550 4427 5490 6130 9 MissingPARTYLR1, Political Leaning of Respondent292 0 Missing1374 &893 &121 &309 &

PARTYSTN, 3-category Strength of Party ID1374 1 Independent1185 2 Weak ID430 3 Strong IDORGANIZ, Extent of Organizational Membership1636 0 Non-member699 1 Member654 2 Active MemberSESNEW, KJA SES Index in Continuous FormMaximum 579.954Minimum -161.736Mean -0.009Std Dev 99.996VOTING07, Voting Participation Factor ScaleMaximum 44.190Minimum 7.922Mean 0.020Std Dev 100.011CAMPGN07, Campaign Participation Factor ScaleMaximum 377.676Minimum -82.227Mean -0.004Std Dev 100.001COMMNL07, Communal Participation Factor ScaleMaximum 551.433Minimum -86.380Mean 0.004Std Dev 100.004PARCON07, Composite Political Participation ScaleMaximum 383.405Minimum -45.780Mean 0.002Std Dev 100.024

NEWPART7, Higher-Order Political Participation FactorMaximum 458.224Minimum -180.897Mean 0.012Std Dev 100.005POLINRS, Political Interest Factor ScaleMaximum 134.777Minimum -127.690Mean 0.028Std Dev 99.985SECTOR Relevant political sector818 1 Blue Collar611 2 White Collar1067 3 Farmers68 4 Private99 5 Student/housewife260 6 Retired65 7 Unemployed,otherSUPERCOG Political Cognition Factor (Higher-order)Created as follows:.51604 (POLINRS) + .41720 (INFO) +.10003 (COMNEED)Maximum 245.316Minimum -139.114Mean -0.004Std Dev 99.998