Cooperate with India

2. India’s Science, Technology and Innovation systemResearch and Development OutputNormally the R&D Output is measured in terms of peer-reviewed publications in scientific journals andpatent applications and patents granted. Along with the R&D expenditures there has been tremendousgrowth in the number of research publications which increased from close to 60 thousand in 2001 to90 thousand in 2006. The maximum numbers of publications were in Chemical Sciences followed byAgricultural Sciences and Biological Sciences. Least number of publications were in Mathematics andEarth sciences.Following graph illustrates subject wise distribution of published papers.Number of patent applications increased from about 8000 in 2001 to nearly 30 thousand 2006. Numberof patents granted too has increased.14%19%Agricultureal SciencesBiological Sciences13%Physical SciencesChemical Sciences14%Earth+Mathematics3%EngineeringMedical Sciences11%26%Distribution of Papers by Subject areas (2005)The Indian patents systemThe Indian patents system is governed by the Patents Act (1970) which affords protection to patents forinventions (including patents of addition). After India became Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights(TRIPS) compliant in 2005, the total number of patents filed in India has been significantly increasing,indicating an environment conducive for innovation throughout the country. In the decade the number ofpatent application increased of about 250% (Source: Intellectual Property India, Annual report 2009-10).However, interestingly the patents granted to foreign nationalsare three terms higher than the onesgranted to Indian nationals.21