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4 Watershed Development Efforts in Gujarat 29the Department for Agriculture within the National WatershedDevelopment Programme for Rainfed Areas, and by the ForestDepartment within the Joint Forest Management Programme. TheGujarat State Land Development Corporation (GSLDC), a semigovernmentalagency, is involved in implementing projects for theDepartment of Agriculture.Gujarat is one of the first states to introduce a State Scheme in1999/2000 under the auspices of the Rural Development Department tospeed up the work in the field of watershed development.4.2.2 Government guidelines for watershed development – "Thecommon approach"In 1999, a need was felt to bring about convergence and harmonisationin the implementation of the various watershed developmentprogrammes funded by the Central Government. This was not possibleearlier because each programme had its own objectives, and thewatershed approach had just been adopted to achieve specific aims.Nevertheless, the six major programmes – the National WatershedDevelopment Project for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA), the WatershedDevelopment Programme in Shifting Cultivation Areas (WDSCA), theEmployment Assurance Scheme (EAS), the Drought Prone AreasProgramme (DPAP), the Desert Development Programme (DDP) and theIntegrated Wasteland Development Programme (IWDP) had elements ofconvergence and a considerable common area of operation. Theseprogrammes cover 70 percent of the funds and area under watershedschemes. Furthermore, the last three programmes had already beenunited under common guidelines since 1995.In an Inter-Ministerial Meeting held on 24 March, 1999, it was decidedthat a common approach should be developed for these sixprogrammes. For this purpose, a sub-committee was constituted whichwas mandated to examine the existing guidelines and to develop theircommon principles. Watershed projects with unique characteristics anda special focus such as the Programme for Reclamation of Problem Soils(by MoA) or the Integrated Afforestation and Eco-DevelopmentProgramme (by MoEF) were left out because they require a differentapproach.The common approach is composed of seven major chapters, whichdeal with the following:• Implementation strategies
304 Watershed Development Efforts in Gujarat• Programme content and components• Principles of project management• Institutional arrangements• Capacity building• Financial aspects• Monitoring and evaluationThe major aspects of the approach are sustainability, participation,empowerment, decentralisation of administration, promotion of selfreliance,diversification of livelihoods, increase of productivity, focuson labour intensive measures, involvement of indigenous knowledgeand materials, linkages to other programmes, research institutions,banks etc. These principles are to be realised through certain measuresand activities: the establishment of a watershed association, awatershed committee, SHGs and User Groups 13 . Special consideration isgiven to women and the landless. Capacity building through exposurevisits, training measures, participatory planning, etc. plays animportant role as will be discussed inchapter 6.The scheduled duration of a watershed development project is fouryears. The project area is limited to 500 ha. The total budget for awatershed project unit ranges between Rs 22.5 lakh to Rs 30 lakh(4,500-6,000 Rs/ha). With this, the former budget of Rs 20 lakh (4000Rs/ha) per project has increased and is held more flexible. Theallocation of funds for major components is indicated in the guidelines.50 percent of the funds are provided for natural resource managementmeasures, 20 percent for the development of farm production systemsfor land owning families, 7.5 percent for developing livelihood supportsystems for landless families, 12.5 percent for community organisationand training programmes and 10 percent for administration costs.If watershed development projects are implemented by NGOs, theseshould preferably have at least 4 to 5 years of experience in watersheddevelopment. The number of watersheds managed by a ProjectImplementing Agency (PIA) can range up to ten in a district and shouldideally be located in a cluster for effective supervision. The WatershedDevelopment Team (WDT) 14 should consist of four members belongingto different disciplines such as agriculture, animal husbandry,engineering, forestry; optionally, a social scientist could also beincluded. At least one of the team members should be a woman.13 For further specifications concerning the composition and the function of these groups see AnnexVII.14 Every PIA shall hire a four member Watershed Development Team to work on a full time basis fora cluster of 2-10 watersheds
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142Annex 3Action for Social Advance
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144Annex 3Fields of activities:- na
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146Annex 3Objectives: AnaRDe strive
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148Annex 3Fields of activities: DSC
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150Annex 3With regard to its implem
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154Annex 3the formation of SHGs, mo
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156Annex 3Staff: Total number of pe
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160Annex 3its rich experience as we
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162Annex 3use of natural resources
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164Annex 3VRTI identifies its stren
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166Annex 3The strengths of the NGO
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168Annex 3VIKAS Centre for Developm
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180Annex 5• Who profited most?•
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