The HTK Book Steve Young Gunnar Evermann Dan Kershaw ...

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17.20HSLab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28417.20.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28417.20.2 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28517.20.3 Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28717.21HSmooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28817.21.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28817.21.2 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28817.21.3 Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28917.22HVite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29017.22.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29017.22.2 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29017.22.3 Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29217.23LAdapt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29317.23.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29317.23.2 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29317.23.3 Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29417.24LBuild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29517.24.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29517.24.2 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29517.24.3 Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29517.25LFoF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29617.25.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29617.25.2 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29617.25.3 Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29617.26LGCopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29717.26.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29717.26.2 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29717.26.3 Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29817.27LGList . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29917.27.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29917.27.2 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29917.27.3 Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29917.28LGPrep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30017.28.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30017.28.2 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30117.28.3 Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30217.29LLink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30317.29.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30317.29.2 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30317.29.3 Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30317.30LMerge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30417.30.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30417.30.2 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30417.30.3 Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30417.31LNewMap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30517.31.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30517.31.2 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30517.31.3 Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30517.32LNorm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30617.32.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30617.32.2 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30617.32.3 Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30617.33LPlex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30717.33.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30717.33.2 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30717.33.3 Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30817.34LSubset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30917.34.1 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30917.34.2 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
17.34.3 Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30918 Configuration Variables 31018.1 Configuration Variables used in Library Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31018.2 Configuration Variables used in Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31419 Error and Warning Codes 31519.1 Generic Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31519.2 Summary of Errors by Tool and Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31720 <strong>HTK</strong> Standard Lattice Format (SLF) 33420.1 SLF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33420.2 Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33420.3 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33520.4 Field Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33620.5 Example SLF file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Page 1 and 2: The HTK BookSteve YoungGunnar Everm
Page 3 and 4: II HTK in Depth 454 The Operating E
Page 5 and 6: 12 Networks, Dictionaries and Langu
Page 10 and 11: Part ITutorial Overview1
Page 12 and 13: 1.1 General Principles of HMMs 31.1
Page 14 and 15: 1.2 Isolated Word Recognition 5wher
Page 16 and 17: 1.4 Baum-Welch Re-Estimation 7indep
Page 18 and 19: 1.5 Recognition and Viterbi Decodin
Page 20 and 21: 1.6 Continuous Speech Recognition 1
Page 22 and 23: 1.7 Speaker Adaptation 13N-best whi
Page 24 and 25: 2.2 Generic Properties of a HTK Too
Page 26 and 27: 2.3 The Toolkit 17HLEHLSDTATSTransc
Page 28 and 29: 2.4 Whats New In Version 3.2 19full
Page 30 and 31: 2.4 Whats New In Version 3.2 212.4.
Page 32 and 33: 3.1 Data Preparation 233.1 Data Pre
Page 34 and 35: 3.1 Data Preparation 25S0001 ONE VA
Page 36 and 37: 3.1 Data Preparation 273.1.4 Step 4
Page 38 and 39: 3.1 Data Preparation 29TIMITPrompts
Page 40 and 41: 3.2 Creating Monophone HMMs 31 5 2
Page 42 and 43: 3.2 Creating Monophone HMMs 33and i
Page 44 and 45: 3.3 Creating Tied-State Triphones 3
Page 50 and 51: 3.5 Running the Recogniser Live 41W
Page 52 and 53: 3.6 Adapting the HMMs 43would produ
Page 54 and 55: Part IIHTK in Depth45
Page 56 and 57: 4.1 The Command Line 474.1 The Comm
Page 58 and 59:
4.3 Configuration Files 49Configura
Page 60 and 61:
4.6 Strings and Names 514.6 Strings
Page 62:
4.8 Input/Output via Pipes and Netw
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Chapter 5Speech Input/OutputMany to
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5.2 Speech Signal Processing 58then
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5.3 Linear Prediction Analysis 60Ce
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5.5 Vocal Tract Length Normalisatio
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5.7 Perceptual Linear Prediction 64
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5.10 Storage of Parameter Files 66w
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5.11 Waveform File Formats 685.10.2
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5.11 Waveform File Formats 705.11.5
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5.12 Direct Audio Input/Output 72Va
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5.14 Vector Quantisation 74LPC_ELPC
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5.15 Viewing Speech with HList 76in
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5.16 Copying and Coding using HCopy
Page 89 and 90:
5.18 Summary 805.18 SummaryThis sec
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5.18 Summary 82Module Name Default
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6.2 Label File Formats 84Orthogonal
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6.3 Master Label Files 866.3 Master
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6.3 Master Label Files 88search wit
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6.4 Editing Label Files 90These few
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6.4 Editing Label Files 92DC V iy a
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Chapter 7HMM Definition FilesSpeech
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7.2 Basic HMM Definitions 96• opt
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7.2 Basic HMM Definitions 98∼h
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7.3 Macro Definitions 100∼o 4 2
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7.3 Macro Definitions 102Once defin
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7.4 HMM Sets 104∼o 4 ∼s “sta
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7.4 HMM Sets 106HTool -H mf1 -H mf2
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7.6 Discrete Probability HMMs 108
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7.9 Regression Class Trees for Adap
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7.11 The HMM Definition Language 11
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7.11 The HMM Definition Language 11
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Chapter 8HMM Parameter Estimationth
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8.1 Training Strategies 118Labelled
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8.2 Initialisation using HInit 120P
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8.3 Flat Starting with HCompV 122da
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8.4 Isolated Unit Re-Estimation usi
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8.5 Embedded Training using HERest
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8.6 Single-Pass Retraining 1288.6 S
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8.8 Parameter Re-Estimation Formula
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8.8 Parameter Re-Estimation Formula
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Chapter 9HMM AdaptationSpeaker Inde
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9.1 Model Adaptation using MLLR 136
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9.2 Model Adaptation using MAP 138
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9.3 Using HEAdapt 1409.3 Using HEAd
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9.4 MLLR Formulae 142Mthe model set
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Chapter 10HMM System RefinementHHED
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10.3 Parameter Tying and Item Lists
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10.4 Data-Driven Clustering 148When
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10.5 Tree-Based Clustering 150TC 10
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10.6 Mixture Incrementing 152QS "L_
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10.8 Miscellaneous Operations 154
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11.2 Using Discrete Models with Spe
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11.3 Tied Mixture Systems 158Speech
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11.4 Parameter Smoothing 160used, t
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12.1 How Networks are Used 162HBuil
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12.2 Word Networks and Standard Lat
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12.3 Building a Word Network with H
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12.4 Bigram Language Models 168wher
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12.6 Testing a Word Network using H
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¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡¡
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12.8 Word Network Expansion 174(a)
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12.9 Other Kinds of Recognition Sys
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Chapter 13Decoding?silonetwo...zero
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13.2 Decoder Organisation 180When u
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13.3 Recognition using Test Databas
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13.4 Evaluating Recognition Results
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13.5 Generating Forced Alignments 1
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13.7 Recognition using Direct Audio
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13.8 N-Best Lists and Lattices 190V
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Chapter 14Fundamentals of languagem
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14.1 n-gram language models 194prob
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14.2 Statistically-derived Class Ma
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14.3 Robust model estimation 198Dis
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14.5 Overview of n-Gram Constructio
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14.6 Class-Based Language Models 20
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15.1 Database preparation 204you ma
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15.2 Mapping OOV words 20615.2 Mapp
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15.4 Testing the LM perplexity 2080
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15.6 Model interpolation 210may set
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15.7 Class-based models 212together
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15.8 Problem solving 214$ LPlex -u
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Chapter 16Language Modelling Refere
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16.4 Class Map Files 218The first t
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16.5 Gram Files 220Notice that the
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16.7 Word LM file formats 22216.7.1
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16.8 Class LM file formats 22416.8.
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16.9 Language modelling tracing 226
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16.11 Compile-time configuration pa
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Part IVReference Section230
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17.1 Cluster 23217.1 Cluster17.1.1
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17.1 Cluster 23417.1.3 TracingClust
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17.2 HBuild 23617.2.3 TracingHBuild
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17.3 HCompV 238-l s The string s mu
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17.4 HCopy 240-t n Set the line wid
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17.5 HDMan 24217.5 HDMan17.5.1 Func
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17.5 HDMan 24417.5.3 TracingHDMan s
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17.6 HEAdapt 246-m f Set the minimu
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17.7 HERest 24817.7 HERest17.7.1 Fu
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17.7 HERest 250-w f Any mixture wei
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17.8 HHEd 252For example,stateComp
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17.8 HHEd 254FA varscaleComputes an
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17.8 HHEd 256where V s is the dimen
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17.8 HHEd 258mixture(m) all mixture
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17.9 HInit 26017.9 HInit17.9.1 Func
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17.10 HLEd 26217.10 HLEd17.10.1 Fun
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17.10 HLEd 26417.10.3 TracingHLEd s
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17.12 HLMCopy 26617.12 HLMCopy17.12
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17.13 HLRescore 268-p f Set the wor
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17.14 HLStats 27017.14.3 UseHLStats
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17.15 HParse 272Note that C style c
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17.15 HParse 274HParse will then re
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17.16 HQuant 276where vqFile is the
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17.17 HRest 278-v f This sets the m
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17.18 HResults 280WORD: %Corr=63.91
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17.18 HResults 28217.18.3 TracingHR
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17.20 HSLab 28417.20 HSLab17.20.1 F
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17.20 HSLab 286Load Load a speech d
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17.21 HSmooth 28817.21 HSmooth17.21
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17.22 HVite 29017.22 HVite17.22.1 F
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17.22 HVite 292-v f Enable word end
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17.23 LAdapt 29417.23.3 TracingLAda
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17.25 LFoF 29617.25 LFoF17.25.1 Fun
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17.26 LGCopy 298-r s Set the root n
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17.28 LGPrep 30017.28 LGPrep17.28.1
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17.28 LGPrep 302-r s Set the root n
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17.30 LMerge 30417.30 LMerge17.30.1
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17.32 LNorm 30617.32 LNorm17.32.1 F
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17.33 LPlex 30817.33.3 TracingLPlex
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Chapter 18Configuration VariablesTh
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18.1 Configuration Variables used i
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18.2 Configuration Variables used i
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19.1 Generic Errors 316HCopy 1000-1
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19.2 Summary of Errors by Tool and
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Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Chapter 20HTK Standard Lattice Form
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20.4 Field Types 336segments = ":"
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20.5 Example SLF file 338J=24 S=19
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Index 340default, 48format, 49types
Page 351 and 352:
Index 342SILMARGIN, 72SILSEQCOUNT,
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Index 344output lattice format, 189
Page 355:
Index 346USEHAMMING, 59USEPOWER, 62
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The HTK Book Steve Young Gunnar Evermann Dan Kershaw ...

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