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with strabismus had increased attitudes of hostility and rejection, as compared
with mothers from the control group. This may indicate that mothers of the
children with strabismus are unhappier and more unsatisfied with respect
to maternal role than the mothers of the control group. They were nervous,
distressed, and angry in the relationship with their children. Strabismus
creates a significant negative social prejudice, having a child whose cosmetic
appearance is distorted or having a child with chronic disorder may cause
trouble undertaking motherhood role.
Mothers of the children with strabismus experienced more problems in family
functions, such as roles, affective responsiveness, and general functioning,
than the mothers of the control group in this study. Poor general functioning
may suggest that there is a general problem in all functions in the family
such as problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness,
affective involvement, and behavior control. Chronic conditions can upset
existing structures within the family system and may provoke changes
to restore equilibrium and reestablish or recreate roles, rituals, and daily
routines. Families must deal with illness-related stressors such as the need for
frequent medical visits, demands of the multi-component treatment regimen,
and unpredictable illness course. Roles include satisfying the food, clothing,
and support needs of family members, safeguarding the boundaries of the
family system, and maintaining the standards and management of the family
system such as housekeeping, bills, health issues, and decision making. In
families of the children with strabismus, it may be related to the fact that the
mothers of the children with strabismus could not to perform their roles such
as providing for the needs of family members, safeguarding the boundaries
of family system and maintaining the standards because of their depressive
symptoms. Affective responsiveness means the ability of family members to
respond with appropriate emotion to an event or to other family members.
It encompasses feelings of welfare (joy, love, concern, tenderness) and
emergency (sadness, depression, anger, fear). Parents of the children with
strabismus may display a controlled behavior in expressing their feelings
especially emergency feelings such as sadness, depression, anger and fear
toward the children with strabismus. They may also display more nervous
and angry feelings toward their children with the intention of protecting
the child or with the fear of hurting the child. As the severity of strabismus
increases, family functions such as problem solving and roles are affected.
Problem solving reflects the families’ ability to resolve problems. Mothers
whose strabismic children have undergone an operation scored significantly
lower levels in democratic attitude (which shows a supportive and a sharing
relationship), as compared with those whose strabismic children had not been
operated. The lower scores of democratic attitude are accepted as negative
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