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(1) Relativistic orbital contractionr 2 ρ (e/bohr)5040Non relativistic (l=0)Relativistic (κ=-1)Radius of the 1s orbit (Bohr model):e -+Ze30201000.0020% Orbitalcontraction0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06r (bohr)2n a0r( 1s)= =Z γ179Au 1s11.22= 0.010 bohra[ RELA]02n ah( 1s)= AND a0 = =1bohrZmcαr0h= =M cαe1r( 1s)= = 0.013 bohr79In Au atom, the relativistic mass (M) of the1s electron is 22% larger thanthe rest mass (m)M = γ ⋅ m e= 1. 22m ea0γ
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