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Definition of a relativistic particle (Bohr model)10987654321Lorentz factor (γ)« Non-relativistic »particle: γ = 1H(1s)Au(1s)0 20 40 60 80 100 120Speed (v)Details for Au atom:79v e( 1s)= c = 0. 58c137c ≈ 137 auγ =1−1⎛⎜⎝v ecSpeed of the 1s electron (Bohr model):Zv e∝n2⎞⎟⎠=1−e -1( 0.58)2+ZeH ::vv e (1s)1au γ = 00003e (1s) = 1au γ =1. 00003Au : vAu : ve (1s) = 79 au γe (1s) ==1.2279 au γ =1.22= 1.221s electron of Au atom = relativistic particleM e (1s-Au) = 1.22m e
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