Pulsatilla vulgaris (L.) Mill. - Plantlife

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Figure 2 - Distribution map of Pulsatilla vulgaris subsp. vulgaris in Northwest and Central Europe, reproduced from Hensen et al. (2005). Small filled circles are individual site records from 1950 onwards. Small empty circles are individual site records older than 1950 or occurrences reported as extinct. Atlas Florae Europaeae data from Jalas & Suominen (1989) are also shown (large filled grey circles) to indicate 50 × 50 km squares from which no individual occurrence data were available. The doubtful two easternmost records from Poland are given by EUNIS (2004) but not by Wojtowicz (2001). Table 1 – The status of Pulsatilla vulgaris in Europe. Country IUCN Status Reference Austria ? Declined to 2000 plants in 23 sites Franz, 2005 Belgium ? Very rare and declining Denmark ? Unknown Finland EW Formerly one site Rassi et al., 2001 France ? Not threatened? Olivier et al., 1995 Germany ? Widespread but declining Hensen et al., 2005 Holland EW Extinct Luxembourg EN Declined from 28 to 5 localities Colling, 2005 Norway - Casual escape Jonsell, 2001 Poland ? Unknown Sweden VU Ca.30% reduction in past 100 years Gärdenfors, 2010 Switzerland EN Marked decline Pfeifer et al., 2002; Moser et 8
UK VU Declined from ca.130 to 18 localities 2.3 United Kingdom 2.3.1 England al., 2002 Cheffings & Farrell, 2005 2.3.1.1 Native populations Since its discovery near to Oxford in 1551 (Druce, 1886) Pulsatilla vulgaris has been recorded from around 130 sites in 19 English vice-counties (Table 2) but is now confined to 18 sites in just ten vice-counties (Table 3). Former strongholds include the Cretaceous chalk downland and ancient earthworks of Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire and Oxfordshire and the Jurassic limestone grasslands of Gloucestershire, Northamptonshire and Lincolnshire (Fig. 3). It was also formerly widespread in Magnesian limestone grasslands in northern England, extending as far north as Piercebridge in County Durham (Baker, 1906) but it is now restricted to a single site near to Wakefield (Abbott, 2005). Small clusters of populations also occurred in North Essex, Leicestershire, West Norfolk and West Suffolk but it has not been seen in any of these counties since 1888, 1992, 1914 and 1978 respectively (Table 4). Table 2 – The number of Pulsatilla vulgaris populations recorded in English vice-counties. †Extinct. Population size (2000-10 period) Tota % VC Vice-county name Extinc t 1-10 11- 50 51-200 201- 1000 >1000 l no. extinc t 19 North Essex† 2 2 100 20 Hertfordshire 7 1 8 88 22 Berkshire 12 1 13 92 23 Oxfordshire† 4 4 100 24 Buckinghamshire 2 1 3 67 26 West Suffolk† 3 3 100 28 West Norfolk† 1 1 100 29 Cambridgeshire 7 1 8 88 30 Bedfordshire 2 2 2 6 33 31 Huntingdonshire† 1 1 100 32 Northamptonshire 7 1 8 88 33 East Gloucestershire 17 1 2 1 1 22 77 34 West Gloucestershire 4 1 5 80 53 South Lincolnshire 16 1 1 18 89 54 North Lincolnshire† 5 5 100 55 Leicestershire† 5 5 100 63 South-west Yorkshire† 6 6 100 64 Mid-west Yorkshire 7 1 8 88 66 Durham† 1 1 100 Total 109 6 3 3 1 5 127 86 9
Page 1 and 2: Pulsatilla vulgaris (L.) Mill. Pasq
Page 3 and 4: 1 Morphology, identification, taxon
Page 5 and 6: Pulsatilla is now generally accepte
Page 7: 2 Distribution and current status 2
Page 11 and 12: English populations, the overall nu
Page 13 and 14: surviving in each year, and (c) the
Page 15 and 16: maturation before the male (andro-
Page 17 and 18: 3.1.6 Seed dispersal Achenes of Pul
Page 19 and 20: the sward and thereby determining t
Page 21 and 22: Table 6 - Chemical and mechanical a
Page 23 and 24: Figure 9 continued. Habitats of Pul
Page 25 and 26: Cavenham Heath) support extensive a
Page 27 and 28: Kalliovirta et al., 2006). There ar
Page 29 and 30: Losses to ploughing and quarrying c
Page 31 and 32: . (a) Sites in good condition, graz
Page 33 and 34: Quarry, Ancaster 1996 Most scratche
Page 35 and 36: 7.4 Monitoring and the Common Monit
Page 37 and 38: Kalliovirta, M., Ryttäri, T. & Hei
Page 39 and 40: Warden, K. 2001. An investigation i
Page 41 and 42: 11 Annex 1 - site descriptions Desc
Page 43 and 44: Historically Pulsatilla has been re
Page 45 and 46: In the 1960s a small population occ
Page 47 and 48: introduced by the National Trust le
Page 49 and 50: 13 Annex 2 - changes in population
Page 51 and 52: Annex 3 continued. All sites Limest

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