Deep carbon reductions in California require electrification and ...

Environ. Res. Lett. 8 (2013) 014038M Wei et alTable 1. Summary table of energy demands and emission intensities for buildings, industry, and transportation sectors for 2011 and four 2050 cases. State population is assumed to increase60% to 59.5 million residents in 2050 from 37.7 million residents currently.Energy supply Units20112050 frozenefficiency2050increasedefficiencyEnergy Relative emissions intensity relative to current (2011 = 1)2050 increasedefficiency,low-GHGelectricity,electrification,biofuelsBuildings2050 compliant(increasedefficiency,low-GHGelectricity,electrification,biofuels,conservation)2050frozenefficiency2050increasedefficiency2050 increasedefficiency,low-GHGelectricity,electrification,biofuels2050 compliant(increasedefficiency,low-GHGelectricity,electrification,biofuels,conservation)Liquid, solid Tbtu 52 77 54 17 15 1 1 1 1fuelsGaseous fuel Tbtu 710 1 052 735 227 209 1 1 1 1Sum Tbtu 762 1 129 789 244 224Change 48% −30% −69% −8%Electricity GWh 176 500 288 200 178 800 213 400 196 500 1 1 0.12 0.12Change 63% −38% 19% −8%IndustryLiquid, solid Tbtu 496 611 276 130 94 1 1 0.86 0.86fuelsGaseous fuel Tbtu 1 039 1 255 604 322 232 1 1 0.94 0.94Sum Tbtu 1 535 1 866 880 452 325Change 22% −53% −49% −28%Electricity GWh 47 200 81 100 58 400 91 900 66 200 1 1 0.12 0.12Change 72% −28% 57% −28%TransportationLiquid, solidfuelsBgge 21.4 38.5 20.2 10.6 8.8 1 1 0.50 0.50Change 80% −48% −48% −17%Electricity GWh 0 0 0 97 000 80 900 1 1 0.12 0.12Change −17%5