5 India Meteorological Department Central Training ... - (IMD), Pune

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of NWP products. Stream function, velocity potential and vertical velocity. Numericalexperiments with NWP models (WRF & AGCM).Paper-3 Physical Meteorology & Physical Oceanography(Total Hours = 90)Section- A: Physical MeteorologyTheory (Total Hours = 40)• Thermal structure of the atmosphere; troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere,thermosphere, and explanation of these. Basic ideas and concepts of QBO, andstratospheric warming. Tropopause breaks. ( 7 hours).• Theory of atmospheric visibility by day and night, atmospheric optics (basic ideas).Effect of air pollution on visibility. <strong>Meteorological</strong> Optical Range (MOR); concept andapplication.( 5 hours).• Cloud Physics – initial stage of condensation; curvature effect; condensation nuclei;growth of cloud droplets by diffusion and by coalescence; collection efficiency; freezingnuclei; formation of ice and snow; Precipitation, rain making experiments, weathermodification. Theories of generation of hail in thunderstorms. (8 hours).• Fair weather electrical field of the atmosphere, electrical conductivity and ionizationin the atmosphere, thunderstorm electrification, lightning discharge. (7 hours).• Air pollution: Basic ideas and concept of air pollution; sources, causes, Impact of airpollution on health, acid rain meteorological factors affecting air pollution, wind rosediagram.(7 hours).• Ozone; Ozone hole, CFC and awareness of Montreal protocol.Radar Meteorology :-Doppler Radar; basic principal and application.( 6 hours).Practical (Total Hour = 20)• Study of stability conditions for given sounding data.( 6 hours).• Determining the perceptible water vapour amount.(4 hours).• Computation of various stability Indices for prediction of thunderstorms (10 hours)Section – B: Physical Oceanography(Total hours =30)• Geographical data relating to oceans and their importance ( 2 hours).• Physical properties of sea water; T – S diagram (3 hours)• Absorption of solar radiation (2 hours)• Extinction coefficient in the sea (2 hours)5
• Air sea interaction; surface wind and current, waves, upwelling, Ekman current (4 hours)• Formation of subtropical anticyclones, ENSO & Monsoon brief ideas.( 4 hours)• Heat budget of the oceans (4 hours)• observation and collections at sea; water sampling devices, temperature measurement (4hours)• Marine pollution to be taught; its sources, causes and its impact on marine environmentbriefly. (2 hours).• Global warming and sea level rise and its importance for coastal areas, small island andmarine ecosystem, in brief. (2 hours)• Tides and Tidal energy (1 hour)Paper- 4 : Synoptic Meteorology Theory & AviationSynoptic Meteorology (Theory)1 Air masses and fronts; Production and transformation of air masses; conservationalproperties, the exchange properties and formation of air masses; air masses sources in winterand summer; Classification of air masses; types of transformation2 Fronts and frontogenesis – surfaces of discontinuity, typical structure of fronts, slope offrontal surfaces, classification of fronts, kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions,frontogenesis and frontolisis, frontogenetical fields; Principal frontal zones.3 The structure of extratropical cyclones and anticyclones – cyclone model; life cycle ofcyclones; Fronts and weather; Occlusions; thermal structure of cyclones; cyclone family;theory of cyclone development; a forecasting guides; example of cyclone development;anticyclones; cut off cyclones and anticyclones; Blocking; index cycle.4 Tropical Cyclones – life cycle; surface and upper air structure; pressure; temperature, wind,humidity and cloud fields; Energy aspects, formation of tropical storms, theories offormation, intensification and movement of tropical storms5 The Jet –streams – polar front jet stream – subtropical jet stream, polar night jet stream,Easterly jet stream, Characteristics features of the various Jet Streams, theories of formation,weather development, cloud and clear air turbulence.6 Winter season – Western disturbances, cold waves, fog and jet streams, disturbance from theeast, fronts in the <strong>India</strong>n region6
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5 India Meteorological Department Central Training ... - (IMD), Pune

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