CAMP for Mammals of India - Zoo Outreach Organisation

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exercises such as the Indian Red Data Books relied a similar method of one or two people compiling informationand from some specialists from the different regions of the country.In international and national exercises of this type, specialists were asked to participate in providing informationon a taxon, information that was gathered by post and evaluated by the coordinator at a central office. Withinthis format are different methods in deriving status categories by different groups both internationally (such asthose done by BirdLife International, World Conservation Monitoring Centre and the different Specialist Groupsof the IUCN) and nationally (such as – for India – Botanical Survey of India or Zoological Survey of India).Although different organisations use somewhat different methods of evaluating and deriving status, the fact offollowing the IUCN Red List categories for a Red Data Book or other species review has been common.The methodology for assessment of threat adopted in India at the Conservation Assessment and ManagementPlan workshops also used the IUCN Red List categories (Revised, 1994) but differs in its unqualifieddependence on face-to face interaction between specialists. The objective of assembling data is the same butin a CAMP Workshop every attempt is made to gather a representative group of field biologists with direct fieldexperience of the species and their habitat. Information is collected from several sources on the target taxa andin an interactive process of small working groups, this information and the personal field experience ofparticipants is discussed extensively until the group reaches a consensus on every fact. A questionnaire calleda Taxon Data Sheet, based on IUCN guidelines for deriving status as well as some additional questions, isprovided and used to record this consensually processed information.The advantages of being able to have interactive discussions on the information provided by various publicationsand active field biologists as opposed to one person compiling data in isolation is, or should be, self-evident.Among the advantages of accruing better quality and quantity of information, the payoff resulting from participant“buy in” of the process is most worthwhile. In a national assessment this can have very positive effects on futureresearch.The Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for Indian mammals was intended to cover all mammaliantaxa of India. At the beginning of the workshop an interactive discussion was held in which workshopparticipants agreed on a strategy for the exercise and selected four working groups that would assess mammalsaccording to families, with group members moving around from group to group depending on their experienceand expertise. It was also decided to first assess all Indian political endemics before going on to assess nonendemics.Since this was the first All India exercise in mammalian status evaluation, it also provided mammal researchersan opportunity to discuss checklists and taxonomy with other mammal field biologists and taxonomists in India.Special Issue Working Groups on the Wildlife Protection Act, Marine Mammals, Data Deficient species, andIUCN Red List Criteria were formed, though many issues were discussed during the assessments alsoAssessmentThe checklist of Indian mammals compiled by P.O. Nameer gives the total number of mammalian species inIndia to be 404, however, this total did not include subspecies and included domestic mammals. At theworkshop, a total of 372 mammal taxa (both species and subspecies) were evaluated. The group decided toassess only “wild” mammals and did not include domestic animals such as dog, cat, cow, etc.The IUCN categories are stated to work best at the global level. Guidelines for regional or national assessmentsare being discussed but have not been developed to date. In the absence of national or regional guidelines,however, the current Red List Criteria were used even for national assessments. Certain of the criteria are notso straightforward when applied to a national or regional population, however, it was found that any anomalywas “conservative” in favour of the species. In other words, some of the non-endemic taxa may have been givena higher category than their population status actually deserves. The alternative, however, was to leave offassessing non-endemic taxa until specific national/ regional guidelines are developed, a process which couldtake years. In India, “wildlife” definition and legislation applies to all wildlife occurring naturally in India with noprejudice towards endemic species. While endemicity enhances the conservation value of a species, otherconsiderations – legislative, ecosystemic, etc - are also valid. A biodiversity inventory should include all species.ResultsA total of 372 taxa were assessed at the workshop – 54 endemics and 318 non-endemics. Of the assessedtaxa, a total of 45 families are represented among Indian mammals of which families Muridae andVespertelionidae are the most represented followed by Sciuridae and Soricidae. One taxon each representsfamilies Ailuridae, Balaenidae, Caprinae, Dugongidae, Elephantidae, Equidae, Hyaenidae, Hylobatidae,Moschidae, Planistidae, Tragulidae and Ziphiidae (all non-endemics).34Report of BCPP CAMP on mammals of India
Table 1. List of Indian mammals assessed at the workshopSpeciesAiluridaeAilurus fulgens fulgensBalaenidaeEubalaena glacialisBalaenoptridaeBalaenoptera acutorostrataBalaenoptera borealisBalaenoptera edeniBalaenoptera musculusBalaenoptera physalusMegaptera novaeangliaeBovidaeAntilope cervicapraBos gaurusBos grunniensBoselaphus tragocamelusBubalus arnee *Capra falconeri falconeriCapra falconeri kashmeriensisCapra ibexGazella bennettiiHemitragus hylocrius *Hemitragus jemlahicusOvis ammonOvis orientalisOvis vignei vignei *Pantholops hodgsoniProcapra picticaudata picticaudataPseudois nayaurTetracerus quadricornisCanidaeCanis aureusCanis lupus palipusCuon alpinus adjustesCuon alpinus dekhanensis *Cuon alpinus laniger *Cuon alpinus primaevusVulpes bengalensisVulpes vulpes montannaVulpes vulpes pusillaCaprinaeNaemorhedus sumatraensisCercopithecidaeMacaca arctoidesMacaca assamensisMacaca fascicularis umbrosaMacaca mulattaMacaca nemestrinaMacaca radiata *Macaca silenus *Semnopithecus entellusTrachypithecus geeiTrachypithecus johnii *IUCNVUENLR-ntLR-ntLR-ntCRLR-ntLR-ntLR-lcVUCRLR-lcENCRCRVULR-lcENLR-ntCRENENCRCRLR-lcLR-ntLR-lcLR-ntCRLR-ntCRVULR-ntLR-ntLR-ntVULR-ntLR-ntCRLR-lcDDLR-lcENLR-lcCRVUSpeciesTrachypithecus phayreiTrachypithecus piletausCervidaeAxis axisAxis porcinusCervus duvaucelli branderi *Cervus duvaucelli duvauceliiCervus elaphus hanglu *Cervus eldi eldi *Cervus unicolorMuntiacus muntjakDelphinidaeDelphinus delphisGlobicephala macrorhynchusGrampus griseusOrcaella brevirostrisOrcinus orcaPeponocephala electraPsuedorca crassidensSousa chinensisStenella longirostrisTursiops truncatusDugongidaeDugong dugonElephantidaeElephas maximusEmballonuridaeSaccolaimus saccolaimusTaphozous longimanusTaphozous melanopoganTaphozous nudiventrisTaphozous perforatusTaphozous theobaldiEquidaeEquus kiangErinaceidaeHemiechinus collarisParaechinus micropusParaechinus micropus nudirentris *FelidaeAcinonyx jubatus venaticusCaracal caracalFelis chausFelis silvestris ornataLynx lynxNeofelis nebulosaPanthera leo persica *Panthera pardusPanthera tigris tigrisPardofelis marmorataPrionailurus bengalensisIUCNENLR-ntLR-lcLR-ntCRENCRCRLR-lcLR-lcLRntLR-ntLR-ntENLR-ntLR-ntLR-ntENLR-ntLR-ntCRVUDDLR-lcLR-ntLR-ntLR-ntDDVULR-lcLR-lcVUEXLR-ntLR-ntLR-ntENLR-ntCRVUENLR-ntLR-ntReport of BCPP CAMP on mammals of India 35
Page 1 and 2: Biodiversity Conservation Prioritis
Page 3 and 4: ContentsMammals of IndiaAuthors of
Page 5 and 6: Ashra, Dr. N.V.K.Coimbatore Zoologi
Page 7 and 8: Biodiversity Conservation Prioritis
Page 9 and 10: Mammals of IndiaExecutive Summary
Page 12 and 13: Vulnerable17 (31.5%)Status of India
Page 14 and 15: Species Family IUCN CriteriaAlticol
Page 16 and 17: Species Family IUCN CriteriaMacaca
Page 18 and 19: Species Family IUCN CriteriaRattus
Page 20 and 21: IUCN Red List Categories and Criter
Page 22 and 23: Mammals of IndiaSummary Data Table
Page 24 and 25: Species Range Area No. ofloc./F%dec
Page 34 and 35: Mammals of IndiaReport
Page 36 and 37: IUCN Criteria for Endangerment used
Page 38 and 39: In preparing for the workshop, a ma
Page 42 and 43: SpeciesPrionailurus rubiginosus rub
Page 44 and 45: SpeciesSuncus dayi *Suncus etruscus
Page 46 and 47: Species IUCN Distribution in India
Page 54 and 55: ThreatsLoss of habitat and human in
Page 56 and 57: Species Threats IUCNBiswamoyopterus
Page 58 and 59: Species Threats IUCNCervus duvaucel
Page 60 and 61: Species Threats IUCNMelogale person
Page 62 and 63: Species Threats IUCNRattus sikkimen
Page 64 and 65: Trade in non-threatened mammalsLoca
Page 66 and 67: Research and management recommendat
Page 68 and 69: scientific breeding technology with
Page 70 and 71: Table 6. Level of difficulty in bre
Page 72 and 73: Common name Scientific name IUCN No
Page 74 and 75: IUCN Red List Criteria Working Grou
Page 76 and 77: The workshop was a good exercise in
Page 78 and 79: DATA DEFICIENT (DD)A taxon is Data
Page 80 and 81: 1. Level one recommendationA captiv
Page 82 and 83: TAXON DATA SHEETS1. Acinonyx jubatu
Page 84 and 85: morphological genetic studies; Surv
Page 86 and 87: Name of facilities: Refer Appendix.
Page 88 and 89: Occupied (Sq. Km): < 500. -Number o
Page 90 and 91:
and temperate. Global Distribution:
Page 92 and 93:
Area Occupied (Sq. Km): > 2,000. -N
Page 94 and 95:
54. Chiropodomys gliroides (Blyth,
Page 96 and 97:
Regional Distribution: Andaman & Ni
Page 98 and 99:
Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam.
Page 100 and 101:
83. Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758
Page 102 and 103:
population monitoring; General fiel
Page 104 and 105:
to Bombay. -Elevation: Sea level-15
Page 106 and 107:
(Namdapha). -Elevation: Up to 1000
Page 108 and 109:
Appendix III. -IWPA (1972;91): Sche
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Sikkim. Threats: Not known. Trade:
Page 112 and 113:
known. Other Comments: —. Status:
Page 114 and 115:
difficulty: Not known. Exisiting Ca
Page 116 and 117:
Not known. -No of Mature Individual
Page 118 and 119:
Population: Not known. Regional Pop
Page 120 and 121:
-Area Occupied (Sq. Km): > 2,000. -
Page 122 and 123:
known. Data Quality: General field
Page 124 and 125:
193. Murina grisea Peters, 1872 —
Page 126 and 127:
Individuals: Not known. Global Popu
Page 128 and 129:
Captive breeding: Pending. -Level o
Page 130 and 131:
Asia. Current Regional Distribution
Page 132 and 133:
Population: None in India . -Name o
Page 134 and 135:
243. Ochotona nubrica Thomas, 1922
Page 136 and 137:
fragmented location). -CITES: Appen
Page 138 and 139:
No of Mature Individuals: Not known
Page 140 and 141:
Sources (Refer Appendix): 20, 38, 2
Page 142 and 143:
Collections). Recent Field Studies:
Page 144 and 145:
occupancy and/or quality of habitat
Page 146 and 147:
Population: None in India. -Name of
Page 148 and 149:
ecord of breeding small mammals. -N
Page 150 and 151:
None in India. -Name of facilities:
Page 152 and 153:
in Tirunelveli; Bates et al., .1992
Page 154 and 155:
iver side. Global Distribution: Nep
Page 156 and 157:
Chakraborty & Pradhan in Western Gh
Page 158 and 159:
in India. -Name of facilities: —.
Page 160 and 161:
field study (A. Choudhury, 1986-89
Page 162 and 163:
371. Vandeleuria oleracea (Bennett,
Page 164 and 165:
SOURCESTaxon Data Sheets1. Abey (19
Page 166 and 167:
77. Choudhury, A. U. (1997). The st
Page 168 and 169:
164. Kumar, A. (1987) Ph.D thesis.
Page 170 and 171:
240. Prakash, Ishwar (1995). J. Mam
Page 172 and 173:
314. Suthakar Isaac, S. and Marimut
Page 174 and 175:
Prani Sanghrahalay; 22. Aurangabad
Page 176 and 177:
Corner; 20. V.O.C. Park Mini Zoo; 2
Page 178 and 179:
Nandankanan Biological Park; 8. Mah
Page 180 and 181:
Toronto zoo; 14. Yulee zoo; 15. Ban
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CAMP for Mammals of India - Zoo Outreach Organisation

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