Testing Small Wind Turbine Generators - Renewable and ...

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Figure 2.23. Complete dump load, including resistors, bridge rectifier, and shunt resistor.4. Generator output voltage5. Generator output currentSpeed measurement is built into the control system, as is discussed in detail in Section 2.5.4.The current and voltage measurements are all taken at the leads of the electrical machines,where 3-phase AC power is flowing. This permits a direct and accurate measurementof each machines electrical behavior. If, on the other hand, DC currents and voltages weremeasured, it would be unclear exactly what power was lost in the transition to or from AC–that is, what voltage drops or leakage currents were taking place in the motor controllerand rectifier.The motor input and generator output voltages, then, are measured between two phases:as RMS phase-to-phase voltage (aka “line-to-line” or simply “line voltage”). Similarly, thecurrent is measured through one AC phase: as RMS line current.The current is notmeasured directly with a current meter: these were deemed unnecessary and expensive.Rather, a shunt resistor is used to allow the current to be measured as a voltage. The shunt33
esistors employed develop a voltage drop of 50 mV at 25 amps. Their specifications areprovided in Appendix A, Figure A.8. Figure 2.24 illustrates the final system setup with themain electrical measurements shown.Figure 2.24. Complete system with main electrical measurement locations.It is also helpful to measure the DC supply voltage and current, so that the lossesacross the power electronics package can be determined. These losses may include leakagecurrents and voltage drops, resulting in some overall power dissipation. Obtaining thesemeasurements is trivial, since the DC power supplies provide a digital readout of the voltageand current they supply.34
Page 1 and 2: Testing Small Wind Turbine Generato
Page 3 and 4: Testing Small Wind Turbine Generato
Page 5: “And now,” cried Max, “let th
Page 8 and 9: 2.5 Control System . . . . . . . .
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures1.1 California Energ
Page 13 and 14: List of Tables2.1 Phase names and a
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 1IntroductionHorizontal boo
Page 18 and 19: Figure 1.1. California Energy and P
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 2System DesignI had investe
Page 22 and 23: instantaneous shaft position, a dig
Page 24 and 25: consist of only one deep channel, s
Page 26 and 27: Figure 2.4. One of two roller platf
Page 28 and 29: 1/2”. The next has an inside diam
Page 30 and 31: Motor ConnectionsPhase Name DC Posi
Page 32 and 33: Figure 2.10. Active motor phases fo
Page 34 and 35: meet these requirements are ON Semi
Page 36 and 37: and to ground. This current flow al
Page 38 and 39: Figure 2.17. Assembled control circ
Page 40 and 41: indefinitely to continuously keep t
Page 42 and 43: difference is divided by the one se
Page 44 and 45: is independent from the main DC pow
Page 46 and 47: 2.6.2 Electrical SystemTo load the
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 3TestingThe perception of e
Page 52 and 53: 1. Begin with no dump load resistor
Page 54 and 55: The dynamometer frame was slightly
Page 56: to address this problem.While a sol
Page 59 and 60: 4.1 OverviewOnce testing has been p
Page 61 and 62: is the same for all phases: R P = 0
Page 63 and 64: Curve Number Basis Equation1 T F =
Page 65 and 66: Figure 4.5. Difference between mode
Page 67 and 68: elated to the DC output voltage by
Page 69 and 70: T T = 1 (√ω 3VLM I M − I 2 )M
Page 71 and 72: The resultant model is then checked
Page 73 and 74: Table 4.3 shows the final generator
Page 75 and 76: Efficiency EquationLastly, the gene
Page 77 and 78: Figure 4.8. Generator line voltage:
Page 79 and 80: more bits of information: the rated
Page 82 and 83: Chapter 5Summary and ConclusionsThi
Page 84 and 85: Dynamometer1. The dynamometer is a
Page 86: BibliographyLieu, P. D. K., Design
Page 89 and 90: Figure A.1. Primary transistor spec
Page 91 and 92: Figure A.3. Quadrature optical enco
Page 93 and 94: Figure A.5. Digital signal processo
Page 95 and 96: Figure A.7. Three-phase bridge rect
Page 97 and 98: Figure A.9. Operational amplifier s
Page 99 and 100:
Figure B.1. Dynamic C code, page 1
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 106 and 107:
Appendix CRaw Test DataFigure C.1.
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