Testing Small Wind Turbine Generators - Renewable and ...

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2.5 Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.5.1 Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.5.2 Control Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.5.3 Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.5.4 Motor Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.5.5 Speed Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.5.6 Frequency Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.5.7 Encoder Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.5.8 Digital Signal Processor Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.6 Dump Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.6.1 Resistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.6.2 Electrical System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.6.3 Mounting Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.7 Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 <strong>Testing</strong> 353.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.2 Test Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.3 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.4 Test Round 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.5 Test Round 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.6 Raw Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 Analysis 434.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444.2 Basic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444.2.1 Energy Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444.2.2 Characterization of Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474.2.3 Physical Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.2.4 Reality Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.3 Dynamometer Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524.3.1 Torque Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534.3.2 Power Electronics Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534.4 Generator Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55iv
4.4.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.4.2 Motor Constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.4.3 Generator Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.4.4 Model Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.4.5 Evaluation of Generator Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615 Summary <strong>and</strong> Conclusions 675.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685.2 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685.3 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Bibliography 71A Component Specifications 73B Complete Control Program: Dynamic C Code 83C Raw Test Data 91v
Page 1 and 2: Testing Small Wind Turbine Generato
Page 3 and 4: Testing Small Wind Turbine Generato
Page 5: “And now,” cried Max, “let th
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures1.1 California Energ
Page 13 and 14: List of Tables2.1 Phase names and a
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 1IntroductionHorizontal boo
Page 18 and 19: Figure 1.1. California Energy and P
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 2System DesignI had investe
Page 22 and 23: instantaneous shaft position, a dig
Page 24 and 25: consist of only one deep channel, s
Page 26 and 27: Figure 2.4. One of two roller platf
Page 28 and 29: 1/2”. The next has an inside diam
Page 30 and 31: Motor ConnectionsPhase Name DC Posi
Page 32 and 33: Figure 2.10. Active motor phases fo
Page 34 and 35: meet these requirements are ON Semi
Page 36 and 37: and to ground. This current flow al
Page 38 and 39: Figure 2.17. Assembled control circ
Page 40 and 41: indefinitely to continuously keep t
Page 42 and 43: difference is divided by the one se
Page 44 and 45: is independent from the main DC pow
Page 46 and 47: 2.6.2 Electrical SystemTo load the
Page 48 and 49: Figure 2.23. Complete dump load, in
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 3TestingThe perception of e
Page 52 and 53: 1. Begin with no dump load resistor
Page 54 and 55: The dynamometer frame was slightly
Page 56: to address this problem.While a sol
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4.1 OverviewOnce testing has been p
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is the same for all phases: R P = 0
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Curve Number Basis Equation1 T F =
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Figure 4.5. Difference between mode
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elated to the DC output voltage by
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T T = 1 (√ω 3VLM I M − I 2 )M
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The resultant model is then checked
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Table 4.3 shows the final generator
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Efficiency EquationLastly, the gene
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Figure 4.8. Generator line voltage:
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more bits of information: the rated
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Chapter 5Summary and ConclusionsThi
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Dynamometer1. The dynamometer is a
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BibliographyLieu, P. D. K., Design
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Figure A.1. Primary transistor spec
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Figure A.3. Quadrature optical enco
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Figure A.5. Digital signal processo
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Figure A.7. Three-phase bridge rect
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Figure A.9. Operational amplifier s
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Figure B.1. Dynamic C code, page 1
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Page 103 and 104:
Page 106 and 107:
Appendix CRaw Test DataFigure C.1.
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