PREVENTING HIV AND UNINTENDED PREGNANCIES ... - UNFPA

who remain most vulnerable to and at risk of HIV infection.These guidelines encourage countries to “know your epidemicand your current response”, which enables countries to“match and prioritize your response” by identifying, selectingand funding those HIV prevention measures that are mostappropriate and effective in relation to its specific epidemicscenario(s) and settings. These allow countries to “setambitious, realistic and measurable prevention targets”.Furthermore, these guidelines provide a synthesis of essentialprevention measures required for countries to “tailor yourprevention plans” in relation to the epidemic scenarios. Finally,to be effective, programmes need to continually gather anduse strategic information to track and report on progressand to ensure accountability through verifying the allocation,use and impact of AIDS spending. As such, these guidelinesprovide building blocks aimed at supporting countries toprioritize, and sequence their investments to effectively scaleup their national HIV prevention response.PMTCT prong 1: Primary prevention of HIVamong women of childbearing agePreventing HIV and Unintended Pregnancies. StrategicFramework 2011–2015. In Support of the Global Plantowards the Elimination of New HIV Infections amongChildren by 2015 and Keeping their Mothers Alive. TheInter-agency Task Team for Prevention of HIV Infection inPregnant Women, Mothers, and their Children, 2011.Prevention and treatment of HIV and other sexuallytransmitted infections among men who have sex with menand transgender people. Recommendations for a publichealth approach 2011. WHO, 2011.http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501750_eng.pdfThe guidelines focus on the prevention and treatment of HIVand other STIs among MSM and transgender people. Theyinclude evidence-based recommendations, the summaryand grading of evidence, implementation issues and keyresearch gaps. Although the focus of this guidance is onlow- and middle-income countries, WHO recommends thatthis guidance be available for MSM and transgender peoplein high-income countries as well. The document presentsgood practice recommendations that focus on ensuring anenabling environment for the recognition and protection ofthe human rights of MSM and transgender people. Withoutsuch conditions, implementation of the more specific technicalrecommendations is problematic.Delivering HIV test results and messages for re-testingand counselling in adults. WHO, 2010.www.who.int/hiv/pub/vct/hiv_re_testing/en/index.htmlThis WHO publication explains when HIV re-testing shouldand should not be recommended. It is intended to serve asa complement to the WHO/UNAIDS guidance on providerinitiatedHIV counselling and testing in health facilities. Thedocument aims to help HIV policy-makers, programme andsite managers, trainers, and testing and counselling providersin all settings to detect HIV earlier among people with recentexposure to, or ongoing risk of, HIV infection; and to promoteearlier referral of HIV-positive people to HIV prevention,treatment and care, including PMTCT, services.UNAIDS guidance note on HIV and sex work. UNAIDS,2009.www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/dataimport/pub/basedocument/2009/jc1696_guidance_note_hiv_and_sexwork_en.pdfThis guidance note was developed to provide the UNAIDSCo-sponsors and Secretariat with a coordinated humanrights-basedapproach to promoting universal access to HIVprevention, treatment, care and support in the context of adultsex work. It provides clarification and direction regardingapproaches by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS to reduce HIV risk and vulnerability in the context of sexwork, providing a policy and programmatic emphasis thatrests on three interdependent pillars:n access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support forall sex workers and their clientsn supportive environments and partnerships that facilitateuniversal access to needed services, including life choicesand occupational alternatives to sex work for those whowant to leave itn action to address structural issues related to HIV and sexwork.Guidance on testing and counselling for HIV in settingsattended by people who inject drugs: improving access totreatment, care and prevention. UNODC Regional Centre forAsia and the Pacific and WHO WPRO and SEARO, 2009.www.who.int/hiv/pub/idu/searo_wpro_tc/en/index.htmlSee Prong 2.Operational guidance for scaling up male circumcisionservices for HIV prevention. WHO and UNAIDS, 2009.www.who.int/hiv/pub/malecircumcision/op_guidance/en/index.htmlThis document can be used in countries or regions atvarious stages of scaling up, ranging from consideringhow to scale up to being in the process of doing so. It isintended to provide operational and programmatic guidanceto decision-makers, programme managers and technicalsupport agencies, and could also provide useful guidanceto funders. It is relevant to the scaling up of programmesin both the public and private sectors. For other technicalguidance on male circumcision see: www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/technical/en/index.htmlPosition statement on condoms and HIV prevention.UNFPA/UNAIDS/WHO, 2004. Updated 2009.www.who.int/hiv/pub/condoms/20090318_position_condoms.pdfUNFPA, WHO and UNAIDS released this revised positionstatement on condoms and HIV prevention.Global guidance briefs: HIV interventions for youngpeople. UNAIDS Inter-agency Task Team on HIV and YoungPeople, 2008.www.unfpa.org/public/home/publications/pid/2850A series of seven guidance briefs was developed by thetask team. They aim to help decision-makers (includingdevelopment practitioners, governments, donors and CSOs)understand what needs to be done, based on the latest globalevidence on effective interventions for young people.Preventing HIV and Unintended Pregnancies: Strategic Framework 2011–2015 80