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Weathering and SoilFormation1. Weathering includes processes that breakdown rock.2. During mechanical weathering, physicalprocesses break rock into smaller pieces.3. During chemical weathering, the chemicalcomposition of rocks is changed.4. Soil evolves over time from weathered rock.Parent rock, topography, climate, andorganisms affect soil formation.Erosion of Earth’s Surface1. Erosion is the wearing away and removalof rock or sediment.2. Agents of erosion include gravity, ice, wind,and water. Downslope movement of a portionof the land’s surface is called massmovement.3. All agents of erosion move rock and sediment.When energy of motion decreases,sediment is deposited.4. Erosion and deposition determine theshape of the land.Copy and fill in the following table, which compares erosion and deposition by different agents.Erosion and DepositionErosional Agent Evidence of Erosion Evidence of DepositionGravityIceWindcirques, striations,U-shaped valleysmaterial piled at bottomof slopessand dunes, loessSurface Waterrills, gullies,stream valleysred.msscience.com/interactive_tutorCHAPTER STUDY GUIDE 335(l)Martin G. Miller/Visuals Unlimited, (r)James P. Rowan/DRK Photo