Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table - Learning Services Home

Glencoe ScienceChapter ResourcesAtoms, Elements,and the Periodic TableIncludes:Reproducible Student PagesASSESSMENT✔ Chapter Tests✔ Chapter ReviewHANDS-ON ACTIVITIES✔ Lab Worksheets for each Student Edition Activity✔ Laboratory Activities✔ Foldables–Reading and Study Skills activity sheetMEETING INDIVIDUAL NEEDS✔ Directed Reading for Content Mastery✔ Directed Reading for Content Mastery in Spanish✔ Reinforcement✔ Enrichment✔ Note-taking WorksheetsTRANSPARENCY ACTIVITIES✔ Section Focus Transparency Activities✔ Teaching Transparency Activity✔ Assessment Transparency ActivityTeacher Support and Planning✔ Content Outline for Teaching✔ Spanish Resources✔ Teacher Guide and Answers

Glencoe SciencePhoto CreditsSection Focus Transparency 1: IBM/Visuals Unlimited, Section Focus Transparency 2: James A. Sugar/NGSImage Collection, Section Focus Transparency 3: Nicole Duplaix/NGS Image CollectionCopyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the conditionthat such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students,teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with theAtoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table program. Any other reproduction, foruse or sale, is prohibited without prior written permission of the publisher.Send all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus, OH 43240-4027ISBN 0-07-867206-6Printed in the United States of America.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 079 09 08 07 06 05 04

ReproducibleStudent PagesReproducible Student Pages■ Hands-On ActivitiesMiniLAB: Investigating the Unseen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3MiniLAB: Try at Home Comparing Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Lab: Elements and the Periodic Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Lab: Mystery Mixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Laboratory Activity 1: Mixtures and Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Laboratory Activity 2: Constructing Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Foldables: Reading and Study Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13■ Meeting Individual NeedsExtension and InterventionDirected Reading for Content Mastery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Directed Reading for Content Mastery in Spanish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Note-taking Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29■ AssessmentChapter Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35■ Transparency ActivitiesSection Focus Transparency Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Teaching Transparency Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Assessment Transparency Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 1

Hands-On ActivitiesHands-OnActivities2 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name Date ClassInvestigating the UnseenProcedure1. Your teacher will give you a sealed shoe box that contains one or more items.2. Try to find out how many and what kinds of items are inside the box. Youcannot look inside the box. The only observations you can make are byhandling the box. Write observations in the Data and Observations section.Data and ObservationsHands-On ActivitiesCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Analysis1. How many items do you infer are in the box? Sketch the apparent shapes of the items andidentify them if you can.2. Compare your procedure with how scientists perform experiments and make models to findout more about the atom.Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 3

Name Date ClassHands-On ActivitiesComparing CompoundsProcedure1. Collect the following substances— granular sugar, rubbing alcohol, andsalad oil.2. Observe the color, appearance, and state of each substance. Note the thicknessor texture of each substance. Record your observations in the table below.3. Stir a spoonful of each substance into separate glasses of hot tap water andobserve. Record your observations in the table below.Data and ObservationsSubstance Sugar Rubbing Alcohol Salad Oil1. Color2. Appearance3. State4. Thickness/texture5. In waterAnalysis1. Compare the different properties of the substances.2. The formulas of the three substances are made of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Inferhow they can have different properties.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.4 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name Date ClassElements and the Periodic TableLab PreviewDirections: Answer these questions before you begin the Lab.1. What safety practice is indicated by the safety symbol with the hand that is included in this lab?Hands-On Activities2. List at least two research sources that might be useful in this lab.The periodic table organizes the elements, but what do they look like? Whatare they used for? In this lab, you’ll examine some elements and share yourfindings with your classmates.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Real-World QuestionWhat are some of the characteristics andpurposes of the chemical elements?Goals■ Classify the chemical elements.■ Organize the elements into the groups andperiods of the periodic table.Materialscolored markerslarge index cardsMerck Indexencyclopedia*other reference materialslarge bulletin board8 1 / 2 -in ✕ 14-in paperthumbtacks*pushpins*Alternate materialsSafety PrecautionsWARNING: Use care when handling sharpobjects.Procedure1. Select the assigned number of elementsfrom the list provided by your teacher.2. Design an index card for each of yourselected elements. On each card, markthe element’s atomic number in the upperleft-hand corner and write its symbol andname in the upper right-hand corner.3. Research each of the elements and writeseveral sentences on the card about itsappearance, its other properties, andits uses.4. Classify each of your elements as a metal, ametalloid, or a nonmetal based upon itsproperties.5. Write the appropriate classification on eachof your cards using the colored markerchosen by your teacher.6. Work with your classmates to make a largeperiodic table. Use thumbtacks to attachyour cards to a bulletin board in theirproper positions on the periodic table.7. Draw your own periodic table. Place theelements’ symbols and atomic numbers inthe proper locations on your table.Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 5

Name Date Class(continued)Hands-On ActivitiesConclude and Apply1. Interpret the class data and classify the elements into the categories metal, metalloid, and nonmetal.Highlight each category in a different color on your periodic table.2. Predict the properties of a yet-undiscovered element located directly under francium on theperiodic table.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.6 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name Date ClassMystery MixtureLab PreviewDirections: Answer these questions before you begin the Lab.1. Explain why it is important to wear goggles while performing this experiment.Hands-On Activities2. What are the three tests that you will apply to each compound?You will encounter many compounds that look alike. For example, alaboratory stockroom is filled with white powders. It is important to knowwhat each is. In a kitchen, cornstarch, baking powder, and powdered sugarare compounds that look alike. To avoid mistaking one for another, you canlearn how to identify them. Different compounds can be identified by usingchemical tests. For example, some compounds react with certain liquids toproduce gases. Other combinations produce distinctive colors. Somecompounds have high melting points. Others have low melting points.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Real-World QuestionHow can the compounds in an unknownmixture be identified by experimentation?Goals■ Test for the presence of certain compounds.■ Decide which of these compounds are presentin an unknown mixture.Materialstest tubes (4)cornstarchpowdered sugarbaking sodamystery mixturesmall scoops (3)dropper bottles (2)iodine solutionSafety Precautionswhite vinegarhot plate250-mL beakerwater (125 mL)test-tube holdersmall pie panWARNING: Use caution when handling hotobjects. Substances could stain or burn clothing.Be sure to point the test tube away from yourface and your classmates while heating.Procedure1. Record your results for each of the followingsteps in the data table on the next page.2. Place a small scoopful of cornstarch on thepie pan. Do the same for the sugar andbaking soda making separate piles. Add adrop of vinegar to each. Wash and dry thepan after you record your observations.3. Again, place a small scoopful of cornstarch,sugar, and baking soda on the pie pan. Adda drop of iodine solution to each one.Wash and dry the pan after you recordyour observations.4. Place a small scoopful of each compoundin a separate test tube. Hold the test tubewith the test-tube holder and with an ovenmitt. Gently heat the test tube in a beakerof boiling water on a hot plate.5. Follow steps 2 through 4 to test yourmystery mixture for each compound.Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 7

Name Date Class(continued)Hands-On ActivitiesData and ObservationsSubstanceto be Tested1. Cornstarch2. Sugar3. Baking soda4.Mystery mixIdentifying Presence of CompoundsFizzes withVinegarTurns Bluewith IodineMelts WhenHeatedAnalyze Your Data1. Identify from your data table which compound(s) you have.Conclude and Apply1. Describe how you decided which substances were in your unknown mixture.2. Explain how you would be able to tell if all three compounds were not in your mystery mixturesubstance.3. Draw a Conclusion What would you conclude if you tested baking powder from your kitchenand found that it fizzed with vinegar, turned blue with iodine, and did not melt when heated?Communicating Your DataMake a different data table to display your results in a new way. For more help, refer tothe Science Skill Handbook.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.8 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name Date Class1LaboratoryActivityMixtures and CompoundsMatter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter exists in different forms. Threeclassifications of matter are well known to us: elements, mixtures, and compounds. Elements arethe basic materials of our world. Elements in a mixture have recognizable boundaries and can beseparated by mechanical means. Elements that form a chemical compound can be separated onlyby a chemical process. The element oxygen(O) combines with the element hydrogen (H) to formwater (H 2 O), which is a compound. Salt water is a mixture of two compounds, water and salt.StrategyYou will separate a mixture into its parts.You will compare the characteristics of a compound and a mixture.Hands-On ActivitiesCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Materialsmagnifying glass watersand (coarse) disposable pie pans (2)granite rockrock saltgranite (crushed) heat sourceProcedure1. Use the magnifying glass to observe thesand and granite rock. Sketch the granitewith the minerals in it, and the shapes of thesand grains under Sketch A.2. Sort the crushed granite into separate pilesaccording to color.3. Sketch the general shape of a piece fromeach pile of the sorted granite, and labeleach as to color under Sketch B.4. Mix a spoonful of sand in some water in apie pan. Sketch what you observed underSketch C.Data and Observations5. Examine and sketch the salt crystals underSketch D. WARNING: Do not ingest rocksalt. It might contain harmful impurities.6. Mix a spoonful of salt in some water in thesecond pie pan. Record your observations.7. Heat both pans until the water is evaporated.Sketch what is left in each pan underSketch E. WARNING: Be careful not to getclothes or hair close to the heat source.Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 9

Name Date ClassLaboratory Activity 1 (continued)Hands-On ActivitiesSketch CSketch DSketch EQuestions and Conclusions1. Are any of the sand grains similar to any of the granite fragments? If so, describe them.2. How are salt and sand similar? How are they different?3. Is salt water a compound or a mixture? Explain.4. Is granite a compound or a mixture? Explain.5. Name some mechanical processes used to separate mixtures.Strategy CheckCan you separate components of a mixture?Can you tell the difference between a compound and a mixture?Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.10 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name Date ClassCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.2LaboratoryActivityConstructing CompoundsAll elements are made of atoms. Compounds are formed when two or more elements combineto form a different type of matter. A chemical formula is a shortcut chemists take to describe aspecific compound. It tells the numbers and types of atoms that make up a single unit of acompound. You probably already know that the formula for one common compound—water—isH 2 O. The formula for water tells us that a molecule of water has two hydrogen atoms and oneoxygen atom.StrategyYou will build models of different compounds.You will use your models to determine how many atoms of each element are in each molecule.Materialsmodeling clay (red, yellow, and blue)toothpicksProcedure1. Obtain enough clay to make four balls ofeach color. Each clay ball represents oneatom of an element. Blue balls representhydrogen atoms, red balls represent oxygenatoms, and yellow balls represent carbonatoms.2. Using toothpicks to connect your clayatoms as shown Figure 1, construct amodel of each of the following compounds.After you construct each model,fill in the blanks for that compound in thetable in the Data and Observations section.After you finish making the molecules forwater and carbon dioxide, take them apart.Then make the methane molecule.a. H 2 O (water): Connect two hydrogenatoms to one oxygen atom.b. CO 2 (carbon dioxide): Connect twooxygen atoms to one carbon atom.c. CH 4 (methane): Connect four hydrogenatoms to one carbon atom.Figure 1Hands-On ActivitiesAtoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 11

Name Date ClassLaboratory Activity 2 (continued)Hands-On ActivitiesData and ObservationsChemical formula1. H 2 O(water)2. CO 2 (carbon dioxide)3. CH 4 (methane)Number of atoms in compoundHydrogen Carbon Oxygen TotalQuestions and Conclusions1. What would the answers in the table be for a molecule of fruit sugar, C 6 H 12 O 6 ?2. From the formulas given, identify each of the following as either an element or a compound:NaCl, Ag, Co, CO, SO 2 ,AgBr.3. Each carbon atom can be attached to up to four other atoms. The compound hexane has sixcarbon atoms joined together in a chain. If only carbon and hydrogen make up the hexanemolecule, what is the greatest number of hydrogen atoms that could be in the molecule? Drawa picture of the molecule to help you.4. Nitrogen in air is in the form of two nitrogen atoms fastened together, N 2 .Is nitrogen anelement or is it a compound? Explain.Strategy CheckCan you make a simple model of a compound based on its molecular formula?Based on a compound’s molecular formula, can you figure out how many atoms of eachelement are in a compound?Do you understand the difference between an element and a compound?Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.12 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name Date ClassAtoms, Elements,and the Periodic TableDirections: Use this page to label your Foldable at the beginning of the chapter.AtomsHands-On ActivitiesElementsCompoundsMixturescarbontable saltnitrogenCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.airsoft drinkshydrogenironsugarpizzaoxygenmercurycarbon dioxideAtoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 13

Meeting Individual NeedsMeeting IndividualNeeds14 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name Date ClassDirected Reading forContent MasteryOverviewAtoms, Elements, and the Periodic TableDirections: Complete the concept map using the terms in the list below.specific ratios elements mixtures atomsMatteris made ofchangingratiosto form3.thatcombinein1.that are composed of4.thatcombinein2.to formcompoundsMeeting Individual NeedsDirections: Use the information in the concept map to answer the following questions.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.5. All elements that make up matter are made up of ____________________.6. All compounds are formed from ____________________.7. Mixtures can be formed from elements in ____________________.8. Compounds contain two or more elements combined in ____________________.Directions: Number the following steps in our understanding of the atom in the order in which they occurred.9. J.J. Thomson discovers the existence of the electron.10. John Dalton comes up with the idea that each type of matter is madeof only one kind of atom.11. Ernest Rutherford suggests that electrons are scattered in the mostlyempty space around an atom’s nucleus.12. Democritus devises the theory that the universe is composed of tinybits of matter he called atoms.Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 15

Name Date ClassDirected Reading forContent MasterySection 1 Structure of Matter■Directions: Study the following diagram. Then label the parts of the atom using the correct terms from the list.nucleus electron proton neutron1.-2.Meeting Individual Needs-+ + +-3.4.Directions: Complete the following sentences using the terms listed below.sub-atomic neutral nucleus conservationmatter atoms proton neutron electron5. A(n) ______________ is a particle with a positive charge.6. Most types of matter are made up of small particles called ______________.7. ______________ is anything that has mass and takes up space.8. A(n) ______________ is a particle with no charge at all.9. A(n) ______________ is a particle with a negative charge.10. The law of ______________ of matter states that matter is neither created ordestroyed—only changed in form.11. Atoms are made up of ______________ particles.12. Matter that has an equal amount of positive and negative charge is said to be______________.13. Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the ______________.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.16 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name Date ClassDirected Reading forContent MasterySection 2 ■ The Simplest MatterSection 3 ■ Compounds andMixturesDirections: Circle the two terms in each group that are related. Then explain why the terms are related.1. copper, iron, salt2. air, milk, waterCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.3. protons, neutrons, mixtures4. mixture, isotope, compoundDirections: Circle the term that correctly completes the sentence.5. The number of protons in an atom determines its (atomic number/nucleus).6. An element’s (atomic mass/mass number) is an average mass of the differentisotopes of the element.7. A(n) (compound/element) is matter that is made up of only one kind of atom.8. (Mixtures/Isotopes) are atoms of the same element with different numbers ofneutrons.9. (Metals/Metalloids) are the best conductors of heat and electricity.10. All the metals except mercury are (solid/liquid) at room temperature.11. A(n) (compound/element) is a substance whose smallest unit is made up ofmore than one element.12. Matter that has the same composition and properties throughout is called a(n)(substance/isotope).Meeting Individual NeedsAtoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 17

Name Date ClassDirected Reading forContent MasteryKey TermsAtoms, Elements, and the Periodic TableDirections: Unscramble the terms in italics to complete the sentences below. Write the terms on the lines provided.1. The number of protons plus the number of neutronsgives the atomic sams.2. An atomic particle NOT in the nucleus is a(n) roltecen.3. A(n) meeteln is a material that contains only one kindof atom.Meeting Individual Needs4. An element that has characteristics of both metals andnonmetals is a tademlilo.5. A(n) dunomcop is a pure substance whose smallest unit ismade of atoms of more than one element.6. An atomic particle with no electrical charge is a(n)ennrout.7. Two or more substances form a tumirex when they cometogether without forming a new substance.8. The number of protons in the sculune of an atom is theatom’s atomic number.9. Elements that are selamt are usually shiny and conductelectricity well.10. Anything that takes up space and has mass is tramte.11. A tronop is a positively charged particle in the nucleus.12. Matter that has the same composition and propertiesthroughout is called a sceuntabs.13. Atoms of the same element that have different numbersof neutrons are called psoitoes.14. An element’s coatim number tells you the number ofprotons in its nucleus.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.18 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Nombre Fecha ClaseLectura dirigida paraDominio del contenidoSinopsisLos átomos, elementos y laTabla periódicaInstrucciones: Completa el mapa de conceptos usando los siguientes términos.razones específicas elementos mezclas átomosLa materiaCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.razones quecambianpara formar3.que secombinanenestá compuesta deInstrucciones: Utiliza la información del mapa conceptual y responde las siguientes preguntas.5. Todos los elementos que forma la materia están compuestos de ____________.6. Todos los compuestos están formados de ____________________.7. Las mezclas pueden estar formadas de elementos en ____________________.8. Los compuestos contienen dos o más elementos combinados en ______________.Instrucciones: Enumera los siguientes hechos, de acuerdo a nuestro entendimiento del átomo, en el órden enque ocurrieron los hechos.9. J.J. Thomson descubre la existencia del electrón.1.que están compuestos de4.que secombinanen 2.para formarcompuestos10. John Dalton expuso que cada tipo de materia está formada de sólo untipo de átomo.11. Ernesto Rutherford sugiere que los electrones están esparcidos mayormenteen el espacio vacío alrededor del núcleo de un átomo.12. Democrito expone la teoría de que el universo está compuesta depequeñas partículas de materia llamadas átomos.Satisface las necesidades individualesLos átomos, elementos y la Tabla periódica 19

Nombre Fecha ClaseLectura dirigida paraDominio del contenidoSección 1 ■Estructura dela materiaInstrucciones: Estudia el siguiente diagrama. Rotula luego las partes del·tomo usando el término correcto de la lista.núcleo electrón protón neutrón1.Satisface las necesidades individuales--+ + +Instrucciones: Completa las siguientes oraciones con el término correcto de la lista.subatómico neutro núcleo conservaciónmateria átomos protón neutrón electrón5. Un(a) ______________ es una partícula con carga positiva.6. La mayor parte de la materia está compuesta de partículas pequeñas llamadas______________.7. ______________ es cualquier cosa que tiene masa y ocupa espacio.8. Un(a) ______________ es una partícula que no tiene carga.9. Un(a) ______________ es una partícula que tiene carga negativa.10. La ley de ______________ la materia dice que la materia no se crea ni sedestruye, sólo cambia de forma.11. Los átomos están formados por partículas ______________ .12. La materia que tiene igual número de cargas positivas y negativas se conocecomo ______________ .13. La mayor parte de la masa de un átomo se concentra en el(la) ______________.-2.3.4.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.20 Los átomos, elementos y la Tabla periódica

Nombre Fecha ClaseLectura dirigida paraDominio del contenidoSección 2 La materia■más elementalSección 3 Compuestos y■mezclasInstrucciones: Encierra en un círculo los dos términos de cada grupo que estén relacionados. Explica luego porqué están relacionados.1. cobre, hierro, salCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.2. aire, leche, agua3. protones, neutrones, mezclas4. mezcla, isótopo compuestoInstrucciones: Encierra en un círculo el término que completa correctamente cada oración.5. El número de protones en un átomo determina su (número atómico/núcleo).6. La(El) (masa atómica/número de masa) de un elemento es la masa promedio delos diferentes isótopos del elemento.7. Un (compuesto/elemento) es materia formada por un solo tipo de átomo.8. Las(os) (mezclas/isótopos) son átomos del mismo elemento con diferentenúmero de neutrones.9. Los (metales/metaloides) son los mejores conductores de calor y electricidad.10. Todos los metales excepto el mercurio son (sólidos/líquidos) a temperaturaambiente.11. Un (compuesto/elemento) es una sustancia cuya unidad más pequeña está fomada por más de un tipo de átomo.12. La materia que tiene la misma composición y propiedades en toda ella se llamauna (sustancia/isótopo).Satisface las necesidades individualesLos átomos, elementos y la Tabla periódica 21

Satisface las necesidades individualesNombre Fecha ClaseLectura dirigida paraDominio del contenidoTérminos clavesLos átomos, elementos y laTabla periódicaInstrucciones: Descrifra los términos en letras itálicas para completar cada oración. Escribe cada término en lalínea en blanco.1. El número de protones más el número de neutrones dael(la) sama del átomo.2. Una partícula atómica que NO está en el núcleo es el(la)róltecen.3. Un(a) meoeteln es un material que contiene un solo tipode átomo.4. Un elemento que tiene características tanto de metalescomo de no metales es un tadeemlio.5. Un(a) seocmoput es una sustancia pura cuya unidad máspequeña está formada por átomos de más de un elemento.6. La partícula atómica que no tienen carga es un ennróut.7. Dos o más sustancias forman un(a) mzacel cuando seunen sin formar una sustancia nueva.8. El número de protones en el (la) olecún de un átomo essu número atómico.9. Los elementos que son selaemt son generalmentebrillantes y conducen bien la electricidad.10. Cualquier cosa que ocupa espacio y tiene masa es reamtai.11. Un(a) tnóopr es una partícula con carga positiva en elnúcleo.12. La materia que tiene la misma composición ypropiedades en toda ella se llama un(a) scuntasai.13. Los átomos del mismo elemento que tienen diferentenúmero de neutrones se llaman posiósto.14. El número maticóo de un elemento da el número de protonesen el núcleo.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.22 Los átomos, elementos y la Tabla periódica

Name Date Class1ReinforcementStructure of MatterDirections: Use the clues below to complete the crossword puzzle.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Meeting Individual NeedsAcross3. Positively charged particle in the nucleusof an atom5. The central part of an atom thatcontains the protons and neutrons9. Scientist who discovered neutrons11. Has mass and takes up space12. Scientist who discovered electrons13. The law of ______ of matter statesthat matter can neither be creatednor destroyed.Down1. Scientist who developed a model calledthe atomic theory of matter2. Most matter on Earth is made up of thesesmall particles.4. Scientist who discovered protons6. Negatively charged particle in an atom7. Uncharged particle in the nucleus of anatom8. Scientist who showed that wood and oxygencombine during burning10. Electrons move in what is called an atom’selectron ______.Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 23

Name Date Class2ReinforcementThe Simplest MatterDirections: Complete the table by writing in the appropriate characteristics for metals, metalloids, and nonmetals.Characteristics MetalsMetalloids Nonmetals1. State of matter atroom temperature2. ShininessMeeting Individual Needs3. Conductor of heator electricity4. Malleability5. Ductility6. Location onperiodic tableDirections: The square below represents one element from the periodic table. Identify and describe thenumbered items. Then answer the questions below.7.9.10. What is the atom’s mass number?11. What are isotopes?2HeHelium4.0038.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.24 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name Date Class3ReinforcementCompounds and MixturesDirections: Select the term below that best describes each food listed.homogeneous mixture compound heterogeneous mixture1. milk2. salt3. sugar4. soda pop5. ice cream6. popsicle7. chili8. taco9. pizza10. waterDirections: Answer the following questions on the lines provided.11. Describe what a compound’s formula tells us about the compound.Meeting Individual Needs12. Both compounds and mixtures contain more than one kind of atom. Explain how a compoundis different from a mixture.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Directions: Draw a line from the term on the right to its definition or description on the left.13. a sample of matter that has the samecomposition and properties throughout14. a pure substance whose smallest unit is madeup of atoms of more than one element15. two or more substances that are togetherbut do not combine to form a new, pure substance16. a mixture that is the same throughout17. a mixture with visible componentsheterogeneous mixturehomogeneous mixturecompoundsubstancemixtureAtoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 25

Name Date Class1EnrichmentFlow, Flow, Old Phlogiston!Before Antoine Lavoisier developed the oxygen theory of burning and rusting, most scientistsbelieved in the phlogiston (floh JIHS tuhn) theory. These two theories are briefly described below.Meeting Individual Needs■ Phlogiston Theory Wood is made up of ashand a substance called phlogiston. Whenwood burns, it gives off phlogiston into theair, leaving the ash. Iron is made up of metallicash (now called iron oxide) and phlogiston.When iron rusts, it gives off phlogistoninto the air, leaving the metallic ash.■ Oxygen Theory When wood burns, it combineswith the oxygen in the air to form new substances—carbondioxide, water, and ash. Wheniron rusts, it combines with the oxygen in theair to form a new substance, iron oxide. In bothcases, the total mass of the original substanceand the oxygen with which it combines withequals the total mass of the resulting substances.1. Scientists tested the phlogiston and oxygen theories by burning wood in a closed containerfilled with either pure nitrogen or pure oxygen instead of air. (Air consists of 78% nitrogen,21 percent oxygen, and 21 percent other gases.) The wood did not burn in nitrogen, but itburned vigorously in oxygen. Which theory do these results support? Explain.2. When iron rusts, the resulting substance has a greater mass than the original iron. With whichtheory does this result seem to agree? Explain.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.26 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name Date Class2EnrichmentThe Periodic TableDirections: Refer to a periodic table to complete the first four columns of the table below. Then use a dictionary,encyclopedia, or other resources to complete the last column. When you have completed the table, answer thequestion that follows.ElementSymbolNumberofprotonsAtomicnumberMetal,nonmetal, ormetalloidCharacteristics and uses1. Hydrogen2. Carbon3. Oxygen4. Silicon5. IronMeeting Individual Needs6. KryptonCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.7. Chlorine8. Plutonium9. Lead10. Silver11. Name three things that you can predict about an element from its position on the periodic table.Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 27

Name Date Class3EnrichmentCompounding CompoundsYou probably already know that the formula for water is H 2 O. However, do you realize thathydrogen and oxygen, the two elements in water, are found in thousands of compounds?Directions: Research using books such as encyclopedias or dictionaries or other resources to complete thecolumns for the compounds listed in the table below. Then add at least two compounds that contain hydrogenand oxygen, and complete the column for these compounds.Meeting Individual NeedsCommonname1. Woodalcohol2. AmmoniacleaningsolutionChemicalnameFormulaHow manyatoms ofhydrogen?Oxygen?What otherelementsare in thecompound?Description/uses3. Bakingsoda4. Sugar5. Vinegar6.7.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.28 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name Date ClassSection 1Note-takingWorksheetStructure of MatterAtoms, Elements,and the Periodic TableA. Matter—anything that has __________ and takes up space.1. The atom—a small particle that makes up most types of ___________2. Lavoisier introduced the law of conservation of matter—matter is neither __________ nor_____________, but only changes form.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.3. Before Lavoisier, people used to think ___________ could appear and disappear.4. Dalton introduced an early atomic _______________________.a. _________ are too small to be seen by human eye.b. Each type of matter is made of ___________________ of atom.5. Thomson discovered that atoms are made of even smaller ______________________.a. _______________—tiny, negatively charged particles with massb. Proposed that an atom was a ball of ____________________ with electrons embeddedin it6. ______________ suggested a new model of the atom.a. ____________—the positively charged central part of the atomb. Protons—the _______________ charged particles in the nucleusc. Electrons are scattered in the mostly empty space around the _____________.7. Chadwick introduced _______________—particles that come from the nucleus and haveno charge8. _________________ Model—Electrons are so small and fast that they move in a cloud.Section 2 The Simplest MatterA. Elements—matter made up of ________________ kind of atom1. There are _____ known elements.2. 90 ______________ occurring elements, plus ______________ elements—made by scientistsMeeting Individual NeedsAtoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 29

Name Date ClassNote-taking Worksheet (continued)B. Periodic Table—Chart that organizes and displays information about the _____________1. Atomic _____________—the top number in the element’s periodic table blocka. Tells the number of ___________ in the nucleus of each atom of that elementb. The number of ____________ remains constant in every atom of an element.2. ______________—atoms of the same element that have different numbers of____________3. Mass number—number of ___________ plus number of ___________Meeting Individual Needs4. Atomic __________—the number found below the element symbola. The weighted average __________ of an atom of an elementb. The unit used for atomic mass is the __________________, which is given the symbol u.C. Elements fall into three general groups characterized by similar __________________1. ____________—majority of elementsa. ____________ lusterb. Good conductors of ______________ and _______________c. Most are __________ at room temperature.d. ______________, or can be shapede. _____________, or can be drawn into wires without breaking2. ________________—found on the right side of the periodic tablea. ________ in appearanceb. _________ conductors of heat and electricityc. Many are __________ at room temperature.d. ___________, cannot change shape without breakinge. 97 percent of the ___________________ is made up of nonmetals.3. _________________—found between the metals and nonmetals on the periodic tablea. Have characteristics of both ___________ and _________________b. Do not ____________________________ heat and electricity as well as metalsc. All are ___________ at room temperature.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.30 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name Date ClassNote-taking Worksheet (continued)Section 3Compounds and MixturesA. Substance—Matter that has the same ___________________ and properties throughoutB. Compound—Substance whose smallest unit is made up of_________________________________ element1. ______________—tells which elements make up a compound as well as how many atomsof each element are presentCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.a. The subscript number tells ______________________ of the preceding element are inthe compound.b. No subscript is used when ______________________ of the element is present.2. A given compound is always made of the same elements in the same ________________.C. Mixture—Two or more substances mixed together which don’t make a ________ substance1. Unlike in compounds, the __________________ of the substances in a mixture can bechanged without changing the identity of the mixture.2. Examples: air, _____________3. Can _______________ mixtures easily4. _________________ mixtures—the same throughout5. ________________ mixtures—you can see the different partsMeeting Individual NeedsAtoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 31

AssessmentAssessment32 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name Date ClassChapterReviewAtoms, Elements, andthe Periodic TablePart A. Vocabulary ReviewDirections: Match the terms in Column II with the definitions in Column I. Write the letter of the correct term inthe blank at the left.Column IColumn II1. weighted average mass of an elementa. atom2. a sample of matter that has the same composition andproperties throughoutb. atomic mass3. states that matter is neither created nor destroyed, onlychanged in form4. negatively charged subatomic particlec. atomic numberd. compound5. positively charged central part of the atome. electron6. positively charged particle in the nucleus of the atomf. element7. uncharged particle in the nucleus of the atomg. isotopes8. elements that generally have a shiny or metallic luster9. matter made up of only one kind of atomh. law of conservationof matterCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.10. tells you the number of protons in the nucleus of eachatom of an element11. anything that has mass and takes up space12. atoms of the same element that have different numbersof neutrons13. the sum of an atom’s protons and neutrons14. a small particle that makes up most types of matteron Earth15. a pure substance whose smallest unit is made upof atoms of more than one element16. formed when two or more substances come togetherbut don’t combine to form a new substance17. elements that are usually dull in appearance and poorconductors of heat and electricityi. mass numberj. matterk. metalsl. metalloidsm. mixturesn. neutrono. nonmetalsp. nucleusq. protonAssessment18. elements that have characteristics of both metalsand nonmetalsr. substanceAtoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 33

Name Date ClassChapter Review (continued)AssessmentPart B. Concept ReviewDirections: Correctly complete each sentence by underlining the best of the three choices in parentheses.1. An element is made up of only one kind of (isotope, atom, plastic).2. The periodic table lists (common molecules, compounds, elements).3. Isotopes can have the same (mass number, atomic number, number of subatomic particles).4. Most elements are (metals, nonmetals, metalloids).5. On the periodic table, metalloids are found (on the left side, on the right side,between the metals and nonmetals).6. A (metal, metalloid, nonmetal) has no luster and is a poor conductor.7. Many (metals, metalloids, nonmetals) can conduct heat and electricity, but they are not thebest conductors.8. The (metals, metalloids, nonmetals) all are malleable, have luster, and are good conductors.9. The elements in a (mixture, solution, compound) are always combined in the same proportionby mass.10. The compound ammonia contains three atoms of hydrogen for every atom of nitrogen, so thechemical formula for ammonia is (NH 3 ,N 3 H 3 ,N 3 H).11. An example of a homogenous mixture is (vegetable soup, air, granite rock).12. A mixture is heterogenous if (it is made of two compounds, one of its parts is water,you can see its individual parts).Directions: Study the following diagram. Then label the atom using the correct terms from the list.13.14.15.electron electron cloud neutron nucleus protonDirections: Classify the following by writing matter or not matter in the blank before each item.______________________ 18. hydrogen______________________ 19. a wish______________________ 20. the sun-+ ++--16.17.______________________ 21. any atom______________________ 22. heat______________________ 23. lightCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.34 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

TransparencyActivitiesTransparency ActivitiesAtoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 39

Name Date Class1Section Focus What’s the matter inTransparency Activity this picture?This unusual image is made with a scanning tunneling microscope(STM). This microscope actually images individual atoms.Transparency Activities1. Why could this image not be from a traditional microscope?2. How many different types of atoms are shown?Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.40 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name Date Class2Section Focus Some Call it QuicksilverTransparency ActivityThis element is a liquid at room temperature. It is probably bestknown as the liquid in traditional thermometers; however, it is sotoxic that people often choose digital thermometers that do notcontain this element.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.1. Describe what you see in the picture. What characteristics doesthis element have?2. Which element do you think this is? Do you know of any otheruses for it?Transparency ActivitiesAtoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 41

Name Date Class3Section Focus Here Today, RustTransparency Activity TomorrowThis was seaworthy metal once, but now it’s mostly rust. Before itrusted, it was a sturdy ship for work and transportation. As rust, it isfalling apart. What happened?Transparency Activities1. What properties of metals are useful for making ships?2. Is rust the same material as the original metal? Why or why not?Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.42 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Name Date Class1Teaching Transparency Fire and AshActivityCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Transparency ActivitiesAtoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 43

Name Date ClassAssessmentTransparency ActivityAtoms, Elements,and the Periodic TableDirections: Carefully review the table and answer the following questions.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.1. According to the table, which element has an atomic number of 7?A BoronC NitrogenB CarbonD Oxygen2. According to the table, which element has a mass number less than12?F BoronH OxygenG CarbonJ Fluorine3. According to the table, an atom with 9 protons in its nucleus ismost likely to be ___.A carbonC oxygenB nitrogenD fluorineTransparency ActivitiesAtoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 45