Identification and Conservation of Important Plant Areas - Plantlife

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Identification and Conservation of Important Plant Areas for Medicinal Plants in the HimalayaMedicinal Plant IPA No. of Sites Names of Sites No. of IPAsComplexes per IPA per ComplexComplexKarnali 5 Humla, Mugu, Jumla, Kalikot, Dolpa 36Upper Mahakali-Seti 3 Darchula, Bajhang, Bajura 18Lower Mahakali-Seti 4 Baitadi, Dadeldhura, Doti,Achham 14Upper Bheri-Rapti 2 Jajarkot, Rukum 6Lower Bheri-Rapti 3 Dailekh, Surkhet, Salyan 6Terai Arc Landscape-Nepal 8 Kailali, Bardiya, Banke, Dang, Palpa,Nawalparasi, Chitwan, Parsa 19Upper Annapurna-Manaslu 3 Mustang, Manang, Gorkha 20Lower Dhaulagiri-Annapurna 5 Baglung, Myagdi, Parbat, Kaski, Lamjung 23Rapti-Lumbini 4 Pyuthan, Rolpa, Gulmi,Arghakhachi 6Upper Bagmati 4 Dhading, Nuwakot, Rasuwa, Sindhupalchok 17Narayani 2 Makawanpur, Bara 3Upper Janakpur 2 Dolakha, Ramechhap 7Lower Janakpur 2 Sindhuli, Sarlahi 4Udayapur 1 Udayapur 3Upper Sagarmatha-Kangchenjungha 3 Solukhumbu, Sankhuwasabha,Taplejung 36ComplexLower Kangchenjjungha Complex 3 Terathum, Panchthar, Ilam 12TOTALS 54 230Table 4. Provisional IPAs for medicinal plants in Nepal.Local women and some examples ofmedicinal plants collected in the wild atMiandam, Pakistan.The species includePaeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle, Skimmialaureola Sieb. & Zucc., Valeriana jatamansiJones and Viola biflora.L.PHOTO SHABANA HAIDER.3.2.5. Pakistan (Himalaya and Hindu Kush)This report covers both the Himalaya and Hindu Kush, adjoining mountain ranges lyingmostly within the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan.These mountains comprisethe richest floristic region of Pakistan, containing 2500 of the country’s 6000 species ofvascular plants (10% of which are regarded as medicinal). Ninety percent of the endemicplant species of Pakistan are found here. Pakistan ranks among the top 8 exportingcountries for medicinal plants worldwide, 60% of its production originating from theHindu Kush-Himalaya; virtually all is wild-collected.The authors note that it is important to conserve plantdiversity throughout the whole Hindu Kush-Himalayanregion, not just at selected sites. Nevertheless, they selectseven sites held as of ‘strategic importance’ for theconservation of medicinal plants (several other sites havebeen provisionally identified for later confirmation).Theseseven locations have been identified with reference to theIPA criteria supplied by Plantlife International, as well asusing several additional criteria, including: their significancefor the provision of plant resources generally (i.e. not justmedicinal plants); their contributions to the provision ofecological services (such as water supplies); the extent ofengagement of local people with medicinal plants; and anassessment of the practical scope for improvements inconservation.The extent of people’s engagement withmedicinal plants was judged by the degree of local24
Identification and Conservation of Important Plant Areas for Medicinal Plants in the HimalayaTaxus wallichiana Zucc.used medicinally throughout the Himalaya; over-harvested and protected in Nepal, endangered in China andprioritised for recovery in Pakistan. PHOTO S. RAJBHANDRY (ESON)dependency on income from the saleof medicinal plants and estimates ofthe likelihood of the local peopleputting much effort into improvingthe management of these resources.All seven IPAs are valley-based andhave substantial numbers of inhabitants(Table 1).Altogether, these sitescontain a total of about 560 species ofhigher plants, about 300 of which areconsidered to be medicinal (thoughnot necessarily so used locally). SeveralPakistanspecies are regarded as threatened. Forexample, at one site (Daral valley), fourspecies are considered to be CriticallyEndangered, seven Endangered, sixCommercially Threatened, six Rare andone has become locally extinct(Saussurea costus). Many commercial species are becoming increasingly rare, as indicatedby the greater effort now needed for their collection. For instance, it is reported thatcollectors must now travel for 5 hours to obtain the same quantity of Valeriana jatamansias could be collected in just 2 hours, 20 years ago.IndiaFigure 6. IPAs in the Himalaya andHindu Kush of Pakistan.25
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