Additional notes/worksheet - First Class Login

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The Peoples of British North America – Aboriginal Peoples- many settlers and members of the government had racist ideas about FirstNations, Inuit and Metis. Racism is a prejudice based on a person’sheritage or skin colour. These attitudes resulted in discrimination in manysituations.- in Canada West and the Maritime colonies, the arrival of the Loyalists andthe British and Irish settlers created a great demand for land. In CanadaWest, the colonial government made arrangements to take over more FirstNations lands. Sometimes this happened through treaties, and sometimesthe government bought the land.- In Nova Scotia, PEI and New Brunswick, the colonial governmentsgenerally allowed settlers to take whatever land they wanted. When FirstNations leaders complained, the governments set aside certain lands onlyfor First Nations use.- Eventually, First Nations communities were left with only small areas ofpoor-quality land. By the mid-1800’s, most people lived with poverty,and many communities faced starvation.- The population of First Nations and Inuit dropped from approximately500,000 before Contact to approximately 102,000 by 1871. This greatdrop in population was mostly the result of disease. Because so manypeople were living with poverty and not getting enough to eat, theybecame weak and got sick easily.- First Nations and Inuit had no resistance to deadly European diseases suchas smallpox, tuberculosis and measles. When a disease had been in acommunity for many generations, people’s bodies became better able tofight it. European diseases were new to First Nations and Inuitcommunities. Thousands of people died after coming in contact withEuropeans and European goods. Sometimes whole communities werewiped out.- By the mid-1800’s, the largest Metis community in BNA was in the RedRiver Settlement, at the south end of Lake Winnipeg in Rupert’s Land.The Metis honoured the French or English and First Nations cultures oftheir heritage.- The Red River Settlement was in the region under the control of theHudson’s Bay Company, and most Metis living there were employed inthe fur trade in some way. They did the hard labour of transporting goodsby canoe, by wagon, or on foot. They also supplied food to the fur traders,including vegetables from their gardens and buffalo meat. Because of
acist attitudes, there was not much chance that Metis workers would bepromoted to the easier and better-paying jobs in the fur trade.The Peoples of British North America – Black Colonists- slavery was legal in BNA until 1834, but many Black colonists were“free.” After 1800, slavery became less and less common. Many Blackpeople chose to immigrate to BNA because they believed they had a betterchance of not being enslaved. Some Black people were sent from Jamaicain 1796, but most of the immigrants came from the United States.- at the time of the American Revolution, approximately 3000 BlackLoyalists came to BNA. They settled mostly in the colonies of NovaScotia and New Brunswick. They did not get the same benefits as theother Loyalists, however. The pieces of land given to the Black Loyalistwere not as large, and they had a hard time getting official title – a legalrecord that the land was theirs. This meant that they could be forced tomove.- There was another big wave of Black immigration when slavery wasoutlawed in BNA. Between 1840 and 1860, approximately 30,000 Blackmen, women and children came to BNA to escape slavery in the UnitedStates. They settled in all parts of BNA, but mostly joined the Blackcommunities already existing in Canada West (now Ontario) and NovaScotia.- Although the Black colonies in BNA in the mid-1800’s were not enslaved,they had none of the same opportunities as White colonists. Theyexperienced discrimination in all parts of their lives and could get only thelowest paying work and the poorest land to live on.Daily Life in BNAHomes- no matter how wealthy you were, there were certain things that would besimilar in all homes, urban or rural. Light would come from candles or oillamps, and heat would come from a fireplace or wood stove. There wasno indoor plumbing, so homes would have an “outhouse” toilet a littleway from the main house. Water had to be drawn by hand from a well, anearby spring, or streams or lakes. In fancier homes, there would be ahand pump in the kitchen. If you wanted hot water, you had to heat itover the fire.
Page 6: - In the other colonies, the Irish
Page 11: Education- learning a trade or work

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