Karl Marx

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Gilbert Marquis de LafayetteM. Lazare Carnot1the young Marx completed a classical education under matters of natural science. The "feudal powers ofthe direction of a scholar long and widely celebrated Venice, Geneva and London, which had created theas a follower of Dr. Franklin. 59He reported that after institutions of the Holy Alliance, 62 had employedleaving that school, the youth led a dissipated life Messrs. Laplace and Cauchy to destroy the teachingsbefore_ undertaking studies at Berlin. 6° Thirty years of those special principles so indispensable to thehave passed since that time, yet reading the recently astonishing advancement of natural science underpublished Capital, the imprint of the circumstances of M. Carnot. 63M. Carnot and Herr Humboldt movedDr. Marx's early education at the Trier gymnasium, that persecuted scientific work to a refuge withinand the contrasting imprint of Berlin, are each as Prussia. The pairofscalawags dedicated most conspicsharplyetched in those pages as fresh footprints made uously to preventing this were Professors Hegel andin wet sand. At Trier, the youth absorbed an outlook Savigny at the university in Berlin.natural to an ally of M. Carnot; at Berlin, he was When Dr. Marx enlisted himself in the cause ofdeeply indoctrinated by the enemies of M. Carnot. Professors Hegel and Savigny in that city, Herr HegelThe circumstances into which the youth was enlisted had already succumbed to an epidemic as destructiveat Berlin contain the hated image toward which Dr. as himself. 64The cause had outlived him, a cause moreMarx's inward-turning gaze glares hatred today, enflamed, more savage. Dr. Marx became one amongA source who was well informed in such matters such savages.reported that if the circle of reformers led by Freiherr M. Carnot is the most hated by theJacobins amongvom Stein had been treated honestly by their king, the French figures of the period from 1789 to 1815. Tothey would have used their continued power in Prussia the Jacobins, he is the author of the Ninth of Thermitobring M. Lazare Carnot to his former power in dot, 6s for which Dr. Marx may never forgive him.France. If M. Carnot's powerful enemies in London, The savagery of Dr. Marx's hatred has a deeperGeneva or Venice had suspected such a possibility, motive, to be found in that dungeon of his intellectM. Carnot would have been killed immediately, and where the left-Hegelian of Berlin subjects the youthnot exiled to Magdeburg in Germany. 61It is the matter from Trier to ceaseless torments of the Inquisition.of M. Carnot's extended visits to Berlin, from 1815 Since a time before Signor Thomas Campanella,until he died in 1823, and what he accomplished during the principal issue in the affairs of states has been thethose visits, which is key to the circumstances in which persistence of one party which demands, and theDr. Marx was much later enlisted into the ranks of persistence of another party which opposes, that fos-Professor. Ludwig Feuerbach's followers among the tering of natural science and other improvementsBerlin left-Hegelians. We proceed in this manner to which is connected to the general increase of manufacexposethe connection we have promised to demon- tures. The first party has demonstrated that withoutstrate, that proposed policy no general improvement in theWhat was the connection between M. Carnot's visits condition of mankind is to be reached. Often, on thoseto Berlin, and Herr Alexander von Humboldt's ex- occasions the counsels of this first party have beentended visits, into 1827, to Paris? There lies the adopted by states, the state has been persuaded by aproposition we are pledged to disclose. M. Carnot and second argument; that this policy is the means byHerr Humboldt were authors of an enterprise whose which a state may become better equipped to defeat itsfruit has been the recent supremacy of Prussia in adversaries.CAMPAIGNER / October 1983 23
perfection of knowledge demanded by the first party.Such a bestial dogma is the common principle of SirFrancis Bacon, Mr. Hobbes, Mr. David Hume, andMr. Jeremy Bentham, among examples of this opinionfound in Britain. As soon as he recognized this point,Dr. Franklin warned others against his earlier favorableopinion of Mr. Locke. Mr. Smith translated Mr.Hume's doctrine into the tongue of political economy;we have learned that the earthly manifestation of theProfessor Ludwig Feuerbach Invisible Hand is the hand of Mr. Smith's employer inour American purse. 66The moral issue dividing the two parties on issuesofpohtical economy is recognized with the least effortby examining the issue which divides the Americansfrom their British adversaries. Mr. Hamilton demonstratesthat the true source of wealth of nations is afostering of increases in the productive powers of laborthrough aid of improvements in artificial labor. 67Likethe Physiocrats of France, the British will not toleratethe evidence that mankind adds anything to nature bythe improvement of labor in this way. For them all, asfor Mr. David Ricardo, in his appreciation of theaverage value of expended time of labor, mankind ismerely the slyest among the beasts. 6sDr. Marx esteems the increase of the productivepowers of labor. He may put on a solemn face, andwarn us that we must not expect too much on thisaccount from that finestcomposition of mankind yetProfessor George W.F. Hegel to grace our planet, Britain, but he does not ask us toesteem any less that which he admonishes us to lack.The fact persists, through his underbrush of ifs, buts,and nonethelesses, that Dr. Marx does admire genu-The greatest spirits of our party have shown us inely the increase of the productive powers of labor. Ifthat such benefits of the proposed policy are the tree's that is so, should he not have preferred our republicanfruit, but not the tree. There is in the entire nature of party to that feudal party to which he was enlistedour mortal being, a part which has the power to perfect thirty years past? Is he only a scoundrel, a man formankind's knowledge of the lawful composition of whom consistency of principle and practice is notuniversal Creation, and so to bring our practice into required? If he is not such a scoundrel, as this writeragreement with the Will so manifest to our intellects, insists he is not, where is the point of principledThis part of our nature no beast possesses. It is the difference with our party which puts him into ourexercise of this part of the nature of such among our enemy's camp?predecessors as Herr Leibniz and Dr. Franklin, which There are numerous differences. He and our partyhas provided us those earthly benefits which are the agree to esteem increase of the productive powers ofchildren and grandchildren of progress in natural labor, but we come to that point by different roads.science. It is this part of our mortal natures which is This defines numerous differences. Of these, whichthe divine. It is the exercise of that part of our nature differences are the cause of the others, and which arewhich we prefer not only because of the earthly riches only consistent extensions of the cause? Where theit bestows upon mankind, but because it is that within opinions appear to coincide, each professes to demandus which is in the image of Him. This policy has been, a specific condition of society for mankind. Theand continues to be the true and deeper cause for which difference between the two is elementary; the wordour party is champion. "mankind" in the mouth of one signifies a differentThe second party insists that mankind's mortal kind of object than the same word in the mouth of thenature is that of a beast, capable of knowing only other, objects whose difference in species is greaterpleasure and pain, desire, satiety and want, and lacking than that of cats from mice. Dr. Marx's "man" appearsthe means to be governed by any mortal passions but to have all of the outward attributes of a man, but it isthose informed by such bestiality. It proposes that only a very sly beast disguised as a man. When Dr.mankind is most poorly equipped to undertake the Marx concurs with us that fostering of increases in the24 Special Supplement / CAMPAIGNER
Page 2 and 3: SendSendmecome President?mefor $30.
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTS3INTRODUCTIONMarx's Capital
Page 6 and 7: States has descended into that stat
Page 8 and 9: interests in France, the same inter
Page 10 and 11: 0Oi.nl.C_NZ
Page 12 and 13: ody of ruffians to abduct the royal
Page 14 and 15: progress of manufactures.Dr. Marx h
Page 16 and 17: He starts with the individual's "su
Page 18 and 19: efore which Mr. Alexander Hamilton'
Page 20 and 21: Scottish Presbyterians were Swiss C
Page 22 and 23: circulation through loans issued fo
Page 26 and 27: productive powers of labor is neces
Page 28 and 29: The wealth of nations lies in foste
Page 30 and 31: feudal party has been the lowest of
Page 32 and 33: members. The total population of ho
Page 34 and 35: The crucial fact of economic scienc
Page 36 and 37: excluded axiomatically from the new
Page 38 and 39: To know the real universe, we must
Page 40 and 41: in an ordinary diner, the essence o
Page 42 and 43: cation of the Sciences project.19 T
Page 44 and 45: What Marx excludes from human natur
Page 46 and 47: The great work of the soul, is to t
Page 48 and 49: economy, the point of reference of
Page 50 and 51: Footnotes\Introduction nearest next
Page 52 and 53: ook, in a letter written to F. Enge
Page 54 and 55: 68. The author encourages the reade
Page 56 and 57: lished by the Executive Intelligenc

Karl Marx

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