4. Jahrestagung von NOBIS Austria 2. - 3. Dezember 2010

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Lichenized Fungi diversity of the Balkan Peninsula Bilovitz, P.O. & Mayrhofer, H. Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, e- mails: pe.bilovitz@uni-graz.at, helmut.mayrhofer@uni-graz.at The present knowledge of lichenized fungi of the Balkan Peninsula is still rather incomplete and there are relatively few recent floristic papers. While numerous lichen collections from coastal parts revealed a lot of new species towards the end of Habsburg period and several important studies were published between World War I and World War II by the lichenologists F. Kušan, A. Popnikolov, M. Servít, J. Suza and Ö. Szatala, lichenological exploration of former Yugoslavia was interrupted almost completely in the period between World War II and the segregation of nations in the 1990s. In the 1970s first steps were undertaken to revitalize the lichenological investigation of the Dinaric region by J. Poelt and his students in Graz resulting in the description of several new species as well as by the Czech lichenologist A. Vežda and the Slovak lichenologist I. Pišút. In the late 1970s and early 1980s it was M. Murati, who published a series of floristic papers on the lichen flora of Macedonia. During the last twenty years H. Mayrhofer (Graz), his students and collaborators intensified lichenological activities on the Balkan Peninsula by establishing co-operations with local biologists, starting with floristic papers, followed by catalogues of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Slovenia (2000), Bulgaria (2005), Montenegro (2009), Bosnia & Herzegovina (in press) and Macedonia (in prep.). The area of the southern Dinaric mountains with its glacial refugia is highly attractive for biodiversity studies, because it represents one of the last remaining large virgin forest areas in Europe (e.g. Biogradska gora in Montenegro and Perućica in Bosnia & Herzegovina). These maintain a rich diversity of lichens, comprising many elsewhere rarely found oceanic species. Actual investigations are focusing on population genetics of Lobaria pulmonaria in and around virgin forests, its fungi on large decaying thalli, on the general biodiversity of remote or otherwise interesting sites and ecological niches with special emphasis on Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Montenegro and Slovenia, and on the taxonomy and distribution of the family Physciaceae. Today, Greece (incl. Crete) has a known diversity of c. 1200 lichen species, Slovenia, Croatia and Bulgaria c. 1000 each, Montenegro c. 700, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia (incl. Kosova) and Macedonia c. 600 each and Albania c. 200(!). _____________________________________________________________________________ 10 Ber. Inst. Erdwiss. K.-F.-Univ. Graz, Band 15, 2010; ISSN 1608-8166
How and why to achieve more objectivity in taxonomy, exemplified on a fossil ostracod from long-lived Lake Pannon Danielopol, D.L. 1 , Gross, M. 2 & Minati, K. 3 1 Österr. Akad. Wiss., c/o Inst. Erdwiss., Geol. & Paläont., K-F-Univ. Graz, Heinrichstr. 26, A 8010 Graz, ddanielo@oeaw.ac.at; 2 Universalmus. Joanneum, Weinzöttlstr. 16, A 8045 Graz, martin.gross@museum-joanneum.at; 3 Inst. Erdwiss., Geol. & Paläont., K-F-Univ. Graz, Heinrichstr. 26, A 8010 Graz, kmg@gmx.at Taxonomists are commonly confronted with poor descriptions. The situation is exacerbated for fossil taxa which display few homologue landmarks useful for defining morphological traits. These latter are either necessary for building a clear taxonomic diagnosis or for further phylogenetic analysis. Amplocypris abscissa was briefly described by A. E. Reuss (1850) from several outcrops near Vienna and Sopron (Vienna Basin; Upper Miocene, Pannonian). Subsequently, it was mentioned all around the Pannonian Basin respectively the Palaeo-Lake Pannon, which covered this area at that time: from the western sites in Austria and Slovakia, to eastern and southern ones (Romania, Serbia and Croatia). This geographic distribution contrasts with the high number of fossil species belonging to this genus, which are considered to be endemic in Lake Pannon. Our project on fossil ostracods from Hennersdorf (Vienna Basin, Pannonian “D”) document A. abscissa as a polymorphic taxon. Moreover the genus Amplocypris Zalanyi 1944, displays an elusive diagnosis and an unsecured phylogenetic position. We demonstrate, using a precise protocol, how the taxonomic status of both of the genus Amplocypris and of the species A. abscissa can be achieved in an accurate and reproducible way: (a) A comparative morphological study of the valves, for fossil Amplocypris species and Recent representatives of genera belonging to higher-rank taxa, using both TL- and SE-microscopy, is absolutely necessary for developing a clear differential diagnosis of this genus and its allocation to one of the Cyprididae subfamilies (i.e. the Eucypridinae). (b) Amplocypris displays few homologue landmarks. Geometric morphometrics for outlines, combined with an original algorithm, which resemble a semi-landmark approach, offers the possibility to create morphological traits: Linhart’s B- spline Approach (cf. the web site “Methods in Ostracodology” at http://palstrat.uni-graz.at). (c) Data expressed as pair-wise resemblance matrix of Euclidean distances are further analysed using techniques specific to numerical taxonomy, like UPGMA-cluster analysis, Principal coordinate analysis and the SIMPER exploratory analysis (cf. the computer package PRIMER v6 and PERMANOVA+ for PRIMER). (d) A matrix of dissimilarity values of the traits, expressed as arithmetic means with their 99% CL, allow to produce a new diagnosis of A. abscissa and to separate it from two other unnamed taxa. Together they form a phylogenetic lineage. _____________________________________________________________________________ Ber. Inst. Erdwiss. K.-F.-Univ. Graz, Band 15, 2010; ISSN 1608-8166 11
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4. Jahrestagung von NOBIS Austria 2. - 3. Dezember 2010

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