Composite Risk Management.pdf - UNC Charlotte Army ROTC

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Composite Risk Management ■ 119Frequent – Occurs very often, known to happen regularlyLikely – Occurs several times, a common occurrenceOccasional – Occurs sporadically, but is not uncommonSeldom – Remotely possible, could occur at some timeUnlikely – Can assume will not occur, but not impossible.Estimate the Expected Result or Severity of an OccurrenceSeverity is the degree to which an incident will affect combat power, mission capability, orreadiness. You use the following four levels on the risk assessment worksheet to express thedegree of severity:1. Catastrophic2. Critical3. Marginal4. NegligibleDetermine Specified Level of RiskUsing the standard risk assessment matrix in Figure 1.3, you convert probability and severityfor each identified hazard into a specified level of risk. This matrix provides an assessmentof probability and severity expressed as a standard level of risk.This assessment is an estimate, not an absolute. It may or may not indicate the relativedanger of a given operation, activity, or event. The levels of risk are listed in the lower leftcorner of the matrix. You must make sure the appropriate level of command approves allaccepted residual risk.Extremely High Risk – You won’t be able to accomplish the mission if hazardsoccur.High Risk – Significant degradation of mission capabilities: you won’t be able toaccomplish all parts of the mission, or you won’t be able to complete themission to standard if hazards occur during the mission.Moderate Risk – Expected degraded mission capabilities: you won’t be able to meetthe required mission standard and will have more difficulty completing themission capability if hazards occur.Low Risk – Expected losses will have little or no impact on your ability to accomplishthe mission.Determining overallmission risk byaveraging the risks of allhazards is not valid. Ifone hazard has highrisk, the mission’s overallresidual risk is high, nomatter how manymoderate- or low-riskhazards are present.Figure 1.3Risk Assessment Matrix
120 ■ SECTION 1Critical ThinkingeThink of a situation in your ROTC training that involves risk of injury. Using thethree-part process of assessing hazards, estimate the risk of this situation.Step 3 – Develop Controls and Make Risk Decisionscontrolsactions taken toeliminate hazards or toreduce their riskIn Step 2, you assessed hazards and determined an initial risk level. In this step, you developand apply controls, then reassess the hazard to determine a residual risk. Continue theprocess of developing and applying controls and reassessing risk until you achieve anacceptable level of risk or until you can reduce all risks to a level where benefits outweighthe potential cost. You accomplish this step during the course of action (COA) development,COA analysis, COA comparison, and COA approval of the MDMP.Develop ControlsAfter assessing each hazard, you develop one or more controls that either eliminate thehazard or reduce the risk (probability and/or severity) of a hazardous incident occurring.In developing controls, consider the reason for the hazard, not just the hazard itself.Controls can take many forms, but normally fall into one of three basic categories:1. Educational (awareness) controls2. Physical controls3. Avoidance/Elimination.Find Control MeasuresOther sources for selecting controls include:• personal experience• after action reports (AARs)• accident data from automated risk management systems available through theUnited States Army Combat Readiness Center (USACRC)• standing operating procedures (SOPs)• regulations• tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs)• lessons learned from similar past operations.CRM worksheets from previously executed missions provide another source for selectingcontrols. The key to effective control measures is that they reduce the effect of, or eliminate,the identified hazard.Reassess RiskWith controls applied, you reassess risk to determine the residual risk associated witheach hazard, as well as the overall residual risk for the mission. Continue the process ofdeveloping and applying controls and reassessing risk until you achieve an acceptable levelof risk or until all risks are reduced to a level where benefits outweigh potential cost.Residual risk is the risk remaining after you select controls for the specific hazard.Residual risk is valid only if you have implemented the identified controls. As you identify
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