JP 3-29 - Defense Technical Information Center

Execution and Assessment(4) Migrants are persons who, belong to a normally migratory culture who maycross national boundaries, or have fled their native country for economic reasons ratherthan fear of political or ethnic persecution. Migrants travel to escape economicstagnation and poverty. This is in contrast to refugees, who travel to escape persecution,conflict, and perhaps death.(5) Refugees are any persons who owing to a well-founded fear of beingpersecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular socialgroup or political opinion, are outside the country of their nationality and are unable or,owing to such fear, are unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country. Itis important to understand the differences among refugees and other categories becauseof associated legal ramifications. Refugees are entitled to special protection because theycan no longer avail themselves of the protection of their country of nationality. (DOSprovides guidance as to what groups of people are classified as refugees. Thisdescription is provided as general guidance.) DOD personnel should request specificDOS guidance when involved in operations that require the classification of groups ofdisplaced persons.(6) Stateless persons are civilians who either have been denationalized, whosecountry of origin cannot be determined, or who cannot establish their right to thenationality claimed.c. While the following are not categories of dislocated civilians, they are categoriesof civilians with whom military members may come in contact in an operational area andshould be part of this discussion for FHA.(1) Trafficking victims are persons subjected to sex trafficking (i.e.,recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purposeof a commercial sex act) in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, orcoercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years ofage; or the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person forlabor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose ofsubjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. Simply stated,trafficking in persons (TIP) is modern-day slavery, involving victims who are forced,defrauded, or coerced into labor or sexual exploitation.(a) DOD opposes prostitution, forced labor, and any related activities thatmay contribute to the phenomenon of TIP as inherently harmful and dehumanizing. TIPis a violation of US law and internationally recognized human rights and is incompatiblewith DOD core values.(b) CDRs should deter activities of DOD Service members, civilianemployees, indirect hires, contract personnel, and command-sponsored dependents thatwould facilitate or support TIP, domestically and overseas.IV-21