a.startDoes the rock or sediment contain>10% volcanic fragments ?YES* Classify under'Volcaniclastic igneous rocks<strong>and</strong> sediments'consolidatedunconsolidated** Classify according to relativeproportions of pyroclastic <strong>and</strong>epiclastic fragments, fragmentsize <strong>and</strong> degree of sortingFigures4-8NODoes the rock contain >50%modal carbonate ?NOYESClassify under'Carbonatites'mineral modeavailableno mineral mode;chemical analysis availableClassify according to compositionof dominant carbonate mineral(s)Classify according towhole-rock chemistryFigure25Figure26Does the rock contain kalsilite,melilite or leucite, or doesit have features characteristic ofkimberlites, lamproitesor lamprophyres ?YESGo to Figure 2bNOCan most crystals in the rock bedistinguished by the naked eye,<strong>and</strong> does it have a recognisableigneous texture ?NOAre most crystals in the rock toofine-grained to be distinguished bythe naked eye ?YESYESClassify under'Coarse-grained crystalline rocks'Classify under'Fine-grained crystalline rocks'M < 90%M > 90%no mineral modeavailablemineral mode availableno mineral mode;chemical analysis availableClassify using QAPF diagram forcoarse-grained crystalline rocksClassify by maficmineral contentUse the field classificationClassify using QAPF diagram forfine-grained crystalline rocksClassify using TAS diagramFigures10-14Figures15 <strong>and</strong> 16Figure10Figures18 <strong>and</strong> 19Figures20-24no mineral mode;no chemical analysisUse the field classificationFigure18b.Does the rock have 'exotic'mineralogical, textural or fieldsetting characteristics ?For example, does it containkalsilite, melilite or leucite,is it dark coloured withabundant phenocrysts, or isit from a minor intrusion ?YESDoes the rock contain>10% modal kalsilite ?NODoes the rock havemelilite >10% <strong>and</strong> M > 90% ?NOYESYESSection 6.3; Figures 29 <strong>and</strong> 30Classify under'kalsilitic rocks'Section 6.2; Figures 27 <strong>and</strong> 28Classify under'melilitic rocks'Does the rock containnormative larnite ?YESNONODoes the rock contain leucite<strong>and</strong>/or is it from a minorintrusion with maficphenocrysts only ?YESDoes the rock haveno leucite, ol. > 35%,±mont., phlog., carb.,serp., <strong>and</strong> diop. ?YESSection 6.4Classify under'kimberlites'NONOAbbreviations usedol. = olivinemont. = monticelliteleuc. = leucitediop. = diopsidericht. = richteritesan. = sanidinewade. = wadeitepride. = prideritephlog. = phlogopitecarb. = carbonateserp. = serpentineDoes the rock haveK2O/Na2O > 3.0,molar K2O/Al2O3 > 0.8<strong>and</strong> is it peralkaline ?NOYESDoes the rockcontain Ti-phlog.±leuc., ol., +richtdiop san wade pride.?NODoes the rockcontain leucite ?NOYESYESSection 6.5Classify under'lamproites'Section 6.6Classify under'leucitic rocks'Go to Figure 2a :'Can most crystals in the rock bedistinguished by the naked eye. .'NODoes the rockcontain mica<strong>and</strong> amphibole ?YESSection 6.7; Figures 31 <strong>and</strong> 32Classify under'lamprophyres'Figure 2a. Generalised scheme for classifying igneous rocks <strong>and</strong> igneous sediments.b. Generalised scheme for classifying kalsilitic, melilitic <strong>and</strong> leucitic rocks, kimberlites,lamproites <strong>and</strong> lamphrophyres.* Note that rocks containing >10% volcanic fragments may also or alternatively be classified within theschemes for sediments <strong>and</strong> sedimentary rocks or artificial ground <strong>and</strong> natural superficial deposits. It is alsopossible for other igneous rocks to contain >10% volcanic fragments, for example as xenoliths in a crystallinerock. In such cases it is up to the geologist to decide which scheme is most appropriate for classifying <strong>and</strong>naming the rock.** Some volcaniclastic rocks <strong>and</strong> sediments may also be classified usefully using the TAS method (Figures 20-24).28
PhiunitsClast orcrystalsize in mm.Log scaleSedimentaryclastsVolcaniclasticfragmentsCrystalline rocks,igneous, metamorphicor sedimentaryboulders–8–625664cobblesGRAblocks<strong>and</strong>bombsvery–coarse–grainedvery–coarse–crystallineV–416pebblesElapilliLcoarse–grained–24coarse–crystallinegranules–12very–coarse–s<strong>and</strong>012310.5(1/2)0.25(1/4)0.125(1/8)coarse–s<strong>and</strong>medium–s<strong>and</strong>fine–s<strong>and</strong>very–fine–s<strong>and</strong>SANDcoarse–ash–grainsmedium–grainedmedium–crystallinefine–grainedfine–crystalline50.032(1/32)siltMUfine–ash–grainsvery–fine–grainedvery–fine–crystalline80.004(1/256)DclaycryptocrystallineFigure 3 British Geological Survey grain size scheme.29