Programme Book - UPM - Universiti Putra Malaysia

16 th INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY SEMINAR (SKI-XVI)ContentsPageContents 1Message from the Vice-Chancellor of Universiti 2Putra MalaysiaMessage from the Dean of Faculty of ScienceMessage from the Head of Department ofChemistry34Message from the Chairman of SKI-XVI 5Organising Committee 6List of Invited Speakers 7Programme Summary 8Lists of PostersPoster Abstracts1016Acknowledgements 76SKI XVI Committee Photo 77Notes 78

Message from theVice Chancellor, UPMFirst and foremost, I would like to congratulate the Department of Chemistryfor its effort in organizing this annual seminar. As a leading researchuniversity in Malaysia, Universiti Putra Malaysia is adamant in its aspirationsto achieve more for its students and the country. It is a responsibility that wetake seriously, driven by our vision, mission and goals.This event provides a strategic platform for young undergraduates to presenttheir research and hopefully will help to foster interest in research and leadthem to areas of work that involve science and technology that couldcontribute to the nation and the world at large with advances and innovationsthat are beneficial to the society. This year’s theme “Chemistry - A Passportto a Brighter Future”, emphasizes the importance of chemistry in industryand society. Indeed, chemistry can be found everywhere in our everyday life,hence the various and interesting jobs that it creates. Educated and welltrained human capital is very important and can be the agent of change that isvital for the well being of the future and sustainable community.I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate the 16 th IndustrialChemistry Seminar organising committee, all co-sponsors and everyone whowere involved in making this seminar possible.Lastly, I wish all the final year students all the best in your future endeavoursand do make UPM proud, wherever your career path takes you.Thank you.“WITH KNOWLEDGE WE SERVE”Prof. Datuk Dr. Mohd Fauzi Hj. RamlanD.M.S.M., J.S.M.2 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

Message from the Dean,Faculty of ScienceOn behalf of the Faculty, I would like congratulate the Department ofChemistry, for their commitment in making this annual seminar a reality.Academic and research based departmental activities are highly encouragedespecially at the undergraduate level as it gives them exposure to variousfields in the industry that are related to chemistry. Knowing what is out therein the working environment will provide them with greater insights into thekind of work that suits them best. Hopefully, this seminar also boosts creativeexchange of ideas and creates long lasting networks among theundergraduates, invited speakers and lecturers.It is my hope that this seminar will still continue yearly in order for thestudents to gain valuable experience in presenting their research at a biggerplatform. Last but not least, congratulations to all the individuals who wereinvolved in making this seminar a success.“WITH KNOWLEDGE WE SERVE”Prof. Dr. Zainal Abidin TalibDean, Faculty of Science3 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

Message from the Head,Department of ChemistryWelcome to the 16th Industrial Chemistry Seminar (SKI-XVI), an annualevent of the Department of Chemistry. Alhamdulillah, Praise to Allah, withHis blessings SKI-XVI can be held again this year.The department is responsible to ensure that its graduates and staff are up-todatewith the latest development of chemical industry in the country. Thus,this seminar provides an opportunity to the final year students in thedepartment to present their research findings and interact with some of thepractitioners in the industry before embarking on their careers.This year’s theme, Chemistry: A Passport to a Brighter Future, is very muchfocused on the importance of chemistry. Chemists are versatile and normallyare given responsibilities in various sectors of the job market. One of thechallenges of graduates is to equip themselves with relevant knowledge andskills for the industry. I hope they will interact with representatives from theindustry to get the latest information and opportunities.On behalf of the department I would like thank all speakers and individualsfor the contributions and assistance offered to the organizing committeemembers in making SKI-XVI a success.Thank you.Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mansor AhmadHead, Department of Chemistry,4 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

Organizing CommitteePatronAdvisorsChairmanVice ChairmanTreasurerAsst. treasurerSecretaryAsst. SecretaryScientificTechnicalPromotionReceptionProf. Datuk Dr. Mohd Fauzi Hj. RamlanProf. Dr. Zainal Abidin TalibAssoc. Prof. Dr. Mansor Ahmad @ AyobProf. Dr. Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul RahmanDr. Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed TahirDr. Norizah Abdul RahmanPn. Norshida NgadirunDr. Ruzniza Mohd ZawawiPn. Faridah Kamludin @ YusofDr. Thahira BegumDr Siti Mariam Md NorCik. Siti Khadijah DensabaliDr. Mohd. Izham SaimanEn. Faizal DahanEn. Mohd Mustaqim MuhamadEncik Muhamad Fazhli b. RoslanDr. Yusran SulaimanEn. Zainal Zahari ZakariaDr. Janet Lim Hong NgeeCik. Nurhidayu JamaludinEn Nor Azura Zulkafly6 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

List of Invited SpeakersDr. Teh Huey Fang• Chief Scientist IIChemical Biology & Informatics Department,Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd.Mr. Raymond Moo Swee Man• General ManagerTender Products Sdn. Bhd.Dr. Teh Chin Hoe• Product Specialist (NMR, MS)Bruker (Malaysia)Mr. Teh Chee Kheng• Patent ConsultantPharmacosip ConsultancyACP Hussein Omar Khan• Head of PDRM DatabankPDRM Forensics LaboratoryMr. Wan Abdul Rahman• Industrial Hygiene ExecutiveDivision: PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd.7 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

8.00 am Registration8.30 am Opening CeremonyProgramme SummaryNegaraku and Putra GemilangDoa’Speech from Chairman of SKI XVIOfficial Opening Speech byVice Chancellor of UPM9.15 am Tea Break and Poster Session9.45 am Invited Speaker 1Session 1Dr. Teh Huey FangChief Scientist IIChemical Biology & Informatics Department,Sime Darby Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd.10.30 am Invited Speaker 2Mr. Raymond Moo Swee ManGeneral ManagerTender Products Sdn. Bhd.11.15 am Invited Speaker 3Dr.Teh Chin HoeProduct Specialist (NMR, MS)Bruker (Malaysia)8 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

12.00noonLunch and Poster SessionSession 22.00 pm Invited Speaker 4Mr. Teh Chee KhengPatent ConsultantPharmacosip Consultancy2.45 pm Invited Speaker 5ACP Hussein Omar KhanHead of PDRM DatabankPDRM Forensics Laboratory3.15 pm Invited Speaker 6Mr. Wan Abdul RahmanIndustrial Hygiene ExecutiveDivision: PETRONAS Carigali Sdn Bhd4.15 pm Award Presentation and Closing Ceremony by theDean, Faculty of Science5.00 pm Tea Break & End of Seminar9 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P10P11P12P13P14P15P16P17P18P19P20CONVERSION OF PALM OIL TO BIODIESEL OVERNiO/CaO CATALYSTS VIA CO-PRECIPITATIONMETHODEric S.T Soo, S. Zulkifie, E.N MuhamadEFFECT OF SYNTHESIS DURATION ANDTEMPERATURE ON THE SYNTHESIS ANDPROPERTIES OF POLYANILINE ANDPOLY(ANILINE-co-m-AMINOBENZOIC ACID)E.N. Zahar, A. Alimuddin, N. Abdul RahmanELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF LEAD (II)AND COPPER (II) MEDIATED BY GRAPHENE ANDCARBON NANOTUBES MODIFIED GLASSYCARBON ELECTRODEN.E.F. Ahmad Sarbri, N. Othman, W.T. Tan, H.N. LimZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR CHIRALLACTATE BIOSENSORN.F. Zaitong, S. Maarif, H. Husin,R. Mohd ZawawiMICROWAVE SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETICALLYSEPARABLE ZnFe 2 O 4 -GRAPHENE FORWASTEWATER TREATMENTF.A. Jumeri, A. Maimunah, H.N. LimCerithedia obtusa SHELL AS A POTENTIAL SOLIDCATALYST FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTIONN.N.F. Mohd Noor, N.A.R Che Mohamad, E.NMuhamadSYNTHESIS OF CINNAMIC ACID AND ITSDERIVATIVESF.N.A. Osman, N. Mohd Yunos, A.M. Yahaya, S.M.Mohd NorSOLID HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS FORTRANSESTERIFICATION OF MICROALGAE OILFOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTIONY.H. Taufiq –Yap, F.L. Ng, S.H. TeoGREEN NANOEMULSION FORMULATION FORAZADIRACHTIN CONTAINING BIOPESTICIDE INCONTROLLING FRUIT FLYR.Z. Goh, C.J. Lim, M. BasriCHEMO-ENZYMATIC EPOXIDATION OFALKENESE.Abdul Malek, H.N. Mizan, M. ArumugamMETAL COMPLEXES OF NATURALLY OCCURINGPIGMENTSN.H. Mat Hassan, N.F. Abas, S.Ramli, K. Sirat252627282930313233343511 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P21P22P23P24P25P26P27P28P29P30P31PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF ORGANICDYES BY TiO 2 PHOTOCATALYST IMMOBILISEDONTO ITO GLASSZ. Zainal, W.S. Hee, N.A. Awaludin, N.A.A. RashidDEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT AS MEDIA FORENZYME-CATALYZED REACTIONSE. Abdulmalek, N. Abdul Rahman,S. N ZainulAbidin, L.S. Ho, S. ZulkefliSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OFGLASS POLYALKENOATE CEMENT USINGAnadara Granosa SHELLSH. J. Ong, N. Zainuddin, V. W. Francis ThooMOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF PALMKERNEL OIL-BASED NANO-EMULSION SELFAGGREGATION FOR PARENTERAL DRUGDELIVERYI. Kashaban, N.H. Faujan, R.A. Karjiban, M. BasriMODIFICATION OF POLY(LACTIC ACID)M.L.H. Abdul Manan, N.I. Md Saleh, N.A. IbrahimTHE SYNTHESIS AND EFFECTS OF Ph ANDCALCINATION TEMPERATURE ON THECHARACTERISTICS OF Mo-V-O CATALYSTSH. Mohd Sanusi, H.R. Wong, J.H. Chin, I.Ramli,H. Mohd Sidek, S.Mohd NoorSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OFFURALDEHYDE SCHIFF BASES AND THEIRTRANSITION METAL COMPLEXESJ.Jamsari, Thahira BSA RavoofCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OFArtocarpusaltilis(Moraceae)S.L. Kai and M. RahmaniPHYTOCHEMISTRY OF Garcinia nitidaJ.H. Kong, G.C.L. Ee, I. See and S. DaudDESIGN AND OPTIMISATION OFNANODELIVERY SYSTEM FOR FULLERENE, APOTENT ANTIOXIDANTF.F. Lye, C.L. Ngan, M. BasriSYNTHESIS OF POLY(ACRYLONITRILE-co-ACRYLAMIDE) NANOPOROUS MICROBEADSAND THEIR COPPER(II) ADSORPTIONPROPERTIES AFTER AMIDOXIMATION.M. Khairuddin , S.N.A. Md. Jamil363738394041424344454612 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P32P33P34P35P36P37P38P39P40P41P42P43CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OFArtocarpusheterophyllus(Moraceae)M. Yap and M. RahmaniENZYMATIC LEVULINATE ESTERS HYDROLYSISIN DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTSM. Mazlan, T.Z.F. Tuan Zainuddin, D. Krishnan, M.B.Abdul RahmanTHE EFFECT OF MECHANOCHEMICALTREATMENT OF EGGSHELLS CATALYST FORBIODIESEL PRODUCTIONN.N.Najat,Y.H.Taufiq Yap, N.A.MijanSOLVENT-FREE OXIDATION OF BENZYLALCOHOL USING Au-Pd SUPPORTED ONCARBON CATALYSTS.N. Ibrahim. M.I. SaimanPEDOT FORMATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONSN.A.Mazelan, E.N. Ahmad, M.N. Rahiman, Y. SulaimanCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM MurrayaKoenigii and Kaempferia angustifolia.R.C. Ng, N. Buhera, M.N Ibrahim, M.A. SukariDESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND ACTIVITY STUDIES OFNOVEL ANTIFREEZE PEPTIDE DERIVED FROMSHORTHORN SCULPIN ANTIFREEZE PROTEINA.A. Suratman, N. Abu Bakar, B. A. TejoINFLUENCE OF THE TYPE OF SURFACTANT ONMORPHOLOGICAL NANOSTRUCTURE OFFIBROUS CELLULOSE/POLYPYRROLECOMPOSITESM. M. Abdi, N.A. Abu Bakar, Z. ZainalAbidinSECONDARY METABOLITES FROM Calophyllumsclerophyllum andCalophyllum buxifoliumN.H. Zamakshshari, Y.Q. Pang, G.C.L Ee, S.DaudOPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION METHOD ANDICHTHYOTOXICITY OF CLINACANTHUS NUTANSN. Kamairudin, A. Isha, I.S. IsmailPREPARATION, CHARACTERISATION ANDPHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF Ag/ZnO andCu/ZnO PHOTOCATALYSTM.A. Zaid., M. Goh, A.H. AbdullahSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF LDH-LATEX STIMULANT NANOCOMPOSITECHITOSANM.P.S. Paniran, A. Mohamad Jaafar, M.Z. Hussein47484950515253545556575813 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P44P45P46P47P48P49P50P51P52FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION FORPOLYCAPROLACTONE/ COPPER(II) OXIDENANOCOMPOSITES THIN FILMSP.K Then, M. Ahmad, K. ShameliPREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OFSILVER NANOPARTICLES IN CHITOSAN VIAULTRASONIC METHODS.N. Rafidah, M. AhmadENZYMATIC ESTERIFICATION OF VANILLYLESTERS AND CINNAMYL ESTERS IN DEEPEUTECTIC SOLVENTN.F. Hamidon, T.E. Busrah, K.Y. Wong, M.B. AbdulRahmanREDOX POLYMERISATION OFPOLY(ACRYLONITRILE/ACRYLIC ACID) CO-POLYMERS AND ITS SORPTION BEHAVIOURTOWARDS Cu(II) AFTER MODIFICATION WITHHYDROXYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE.R. Mohamad, S.N.A Md. JamilOXIDATION OF BENZYL ALCOHOL TOBENZALDEHYDE USING Au-Pd SUPPORTED ONTiO 2 CATALYSTN.R. Mohd Jumat, M.I. SaimanTRITERPENE DERIVATIVES FROM Aglaia species(MELIACEAE)S.Y. Yeap, N.Ismail., M.Z Azid, M.A Sukari.PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF DEEP EUTECTICSOLVENTSM. Syafiq , N. F. Mohamed Daud, K. SiratSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OFMIXED-LIGAND TRANSITION METALCOMPLEXES CONTAINING IMIDAZOLEDERIVATIVES AND SACCHARINF.E. Abd Aziz, N. M. Mokhtaruddin, Thahira BSARavoofSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OFSILICA NANOPARTICLES BY A SOL-GELMETHOD (ACID-BASE CATALYSED)S. Ismail, N.N. Samsudin, N.A. Yusof59606162636465666714 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P53P54P55P56P57P58P59P60VOLTAMMETRIC DETECTION OFMANGANESE(II) MEDIATED BY GRAPHENEOXIDE AND Fe°/MULTI-WALLED CARBONNANOTUBE COMPOSITE MODIFIED GLASSYCARBON ELECTRODEW.S.A.Wan Ahlim, S.Z. Syed Ramli, W.T. Tan, H.N.LimPREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OFBISMUTH-LEAD OXIDE SYSTEMN.S. Mohamed Sohaimi , Y.P. TanPOTENTIOSTATIC ELECTRODEPOSITION ANDCHARACTERISATION OF METALCHALCOGENIDES THIN FILMSZ. Zainal, J.W.T Lim, N.F. Mohd Hata, N.H. YusofCOARSE-GRAINED MOLECULAR DYNAMICS OFTHE SELF-AGGREGATION OF DLPC, DMPC,DPPC, and DSPC IN WATERU.V. Gunasakaran, N.S. Shaari, R.A. Karjiban, M. BasriSYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND DNABINDING ACTIVITY OF A POTENTIAL DNAINTERCALATORY.Abd Razak, H.AhmadSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OFSCHIFF BASES DERIVED FROM S-2-METHYLBENZYLDITHIOCARBAZATE AND ITSMETAL COMPLEXESY.J. Chan, M. H. Sazali, N.H. Hanan, S. Hatta, M.Ibrahim M. TahirSYNTHESIS OF 2,4,6-TRIHYDROXY-3-GERANYLACETOPHENONE ANALOGUESY. Dollah, F. Sulaiman, R. Mohd Khairi, K. ShaariSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CONDUCTINGNANOCELLULOSE-POLYPYRROLE COMPOSITESZ. ZainalAbidin, N. Abu Bakar, M. M. Abdi686970717273747515 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

STUDENT POSTER ABSTRACTSP01REINFORCEMENT OF POLYBUTYLENE SUCCINATE(PBS) BY ORGANOCLAYA.S. Zainal Abidin, N.A. Ibrahim*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: norazowa@science.upm.edu.myIn this study the effect of adding modified and unmodified clay on the properties ofpolybutylene succinate was investigated. Sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) wasmodified through cation exchange technique using octadecylamine as a surfactant.These clays and nanocomposites produced were characterized by using fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetricanalysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), water absorption analysis and tensile properties measurement.XRD results showed that the interlayer spacing of clay increased with the formationof organoclay (ODA-MMT). The additions of the organoclay into the polymerproduce nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the interlayer spacing ofpolybutylene succinate/clay nanocomposites were in nanometer range. Besides that,FTIR study showed that the formation of the nanocomposites only involved physicalinteraction as there is no existence of new bond. The TGA and DSC study showedthat the thermal stability of the polymer increased after the addition of organoclay.From mechanical properties, the result showed the best nanocomposites ispolybutylene succinate/ organoclay in 99/1. The dispersion and morphology of theclay particles in the composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). It revealed that modified clay is more compatible with the polymer matrixcompared to the unmodified clay.16 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P02DERIVATIVES OF VANILLINN.A. Rasid, N.A. Md Saad, S.M. Mohd Nor*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: smariam@upm.edu.myVanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is a pleasant smelling aromaticcompound formed through enzymatic breakdown of glucose during the curing processof the vanilla bean. It is widely used as a flavoring additive for cooking and infragrances. Vanillin can undergo many steps of synthesis; methylation, reduction andnucleophilic addition. The synthesis of 3,4-dimethoxybenzylalcohol from vanillinunderwent two steps, (1) methylation of vanillin and (2) reduction of methylationproduct. The second pathway was doing the steps vice versa, meaning (1) reduction ofvanillin followed by (2) methylation of reduction product. The synthesis of iminefrom vanillin underwent nucleophilic addition reaction between carbonyl group(vanillin) and amine (butylamine and propylamine). Two new series of differentamino substituted aldehydes with general formula, R 1 -CH=NR 2 were produced. Theproducts were analyzed by means of 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and GCMS. As a result, themethylation of vanillin produced purple crystals with 87.7% yield of vetaraldehyde.The reduction of vetaraldehyde produces 3,4-dimethoxybenzylalcohol as a dark bluesolid in low yields. Reduction of vanillin formed a vanillyl alcohol as solid yellowcrystal with 70.3% yield. For nucleophilic addition of vanillin, 2-methoxy-4-[(E)-(propylimino)methyl]phenol and 4-[(E)-(butylimino)methyl]-2-methoxyphenol wereobtained as purple and orange crystals respectively.17 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P03ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Cu(sar) 2 .2H 2 O AND ITSINTERACTION WITH DNAA. Jamil, W.T. Tan*, W.Y. Chong, M. Zidan, D. BananDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author:wttan@science.upm.edu.myElectrochemical characterization of copper complex, [Cu(sar) 2 ].2H 2 O (sar =sarcosine)has been carried out using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronocoulometry (CC), andchronoamperometry (CA). This copper complex was found to be electroactive asshown by its well defined redox waveforms during cyclic voltammetry at roomtemperature. .Using cyclic voltammetry techniques, the effects of scan rate and pHhave been examined. A linear plot of log I versus log scan rate with slope of 0.6 wasobtained indicating the presence of a diffusion controlled process. The pH studyshowed that the original pH which is 4.2 was an optimum condition for currentenhancement. The results of double potential steps chronocoulometric studies showedthe presence of surface charge to be in the order of 10 -5 C/cm 2 and charge density to be4.314×10 -4 cm 2 /sec. The monotonic rising current was observed inchoronoamperometric studies, providing another evidence of the diffusion controlledprocess. The interaction between copper complex and DNA was investigated usingCV with the scan rate of 5mV/s. The results revealed that there is a slight positiveshift of 9 mV in peak potential and a significant decrease in redox peak currents ofCu(II) complex in the presence of DNA. These showed that the interaction betweenthem is via intercalation process.18 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P04 SYNTHESIS AND ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISATION OFZn SUBSTITUTED PYROCHLORES IN BISMUTH MAGNESIUMTANTALATE TERNARY SYSTEMN. A. I. Zulqornain See, P. Y. Tan, M. P. Chon and K. B. Tan*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: tankb@science.upm.edu.myThe cubic pyrochlore phases in the Bi 2 O 3 -MgO-ZnO-Ta 2 O 3 (BMZT) system wereprepared with the proposed formula, Bi 3.30 Mg 1.88-y Zn y Ta 2.82 O 13.88 (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 1.0). Zn 2+was doped into the system to replace Mg 2+ due to their comparable ionic radiibetween Mg 2+ , 0.72 A˚ and Zn 2+ , 0.74 A˚(2). Furthermore, Zn 2+ was doped into thesystem in order to increase the dielectric constant (K) of the system in the range of 80-250. The synthesized sample were confirmed phase pure, at 1025 o C, by X-ray powderdiffraction and their refined lattice parameters were in the range of 10.5532(3)-10.5672(4) A˚. In the FTIR spectra, there were five infrared-active modes wereobserved due to their metal-oxygen bonds.19 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P05 BIOGAS REFORMING FOR PRODUCTION OFHYDROGEN OVER NANOSTRUCTURED IRON AND NICKELSUPPORTED ACTIVATED CARBON CATALYSTY.H. Taufiq –Yap a,b* , C. Kesamy a,b , S. Sivasangar a,ba Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysiab Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: taufiq@upm.edu.myColossal dependency of the fossil fuel to meet the energy demands today has led toserious environmental concerns and sustainability issues. Greenhouse gaseous (GHG)emissions and the depletion of non- renewable resources from extensive fossil fuelburning for energy production, automobile sector and industrial development havepromoted the use of hydrogen as an alternative energy source. Agriculturalwastewater pollutant in South East Asia like palm oil mill effluent (POME) which isrich with biogas like CH 4 and CO 2 is a promising raw material for dry reforming ofmethane to hydrogen production. This study focuses on the development of biogasreforming catalyst using a series of promoters supported on high surface areaactivated carbon via wet impregnation. A comparison between the monometalliccatalyst nickel and iron supported on activated carbon (AC) were conducted and thecatalyst with higher activity were chosen for further modification with secondarypromoters (La, Ba, and Mg) to enhance the selectivity, stability and activity.Thephysicochemical properties of the final catalyst were analyzed using X-Raydiffraction (XRD), BET Surface Area Measurement, Temperature ProgrammedReduction (TPR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDX) and TransmissionElectron Microscopy (TEM). The catalyst was reduced with H 2 gas in a close systemat 700⁰C for 2h. Subsequentlyit was tested in a continuous fixed bed reactor with feedgas mixtures (68% CH 4 and 32% CO 2 ) simulating a clean model of biogas fromPOMEat800⁰C with a flow rate of 30cm 3 min -1 . The obtained results revealed that themonometallic nickel catalyst showed a superior methane conversion and hydrogenproduction over time as compared to iron monometallic supported on activated carboncatalyst.The highest catalytic activity during the period of time studied were obtainedover the 3% Ni on AC catalyst sample. However, the addition of promoters on thenickel catalyst has induced the synergy effect between the secondary promoter andnickel, thus significant improvement was observed in the catalytic activity comparedto monometallic catalyst.20 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P06 PRELIMINARY STUDY ON NEW AMINO ACIDCATALYST FOR HYDROLYTIC REACTION OF PNPAH.J. Chang, H. Haizam, B.A.Tejo*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: bimo@upm.edu.myAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important enzyme at the neuromuscular junctionthat hydrolyzes the neuro- transmitter, acetylcholine (ACh), in order to terminate thestimulating action of ACh. This is done by the cleavage of the acetyl-choline bondwith the assistance of AChE. In fact, if the ACh function is not terminated andcumulates in the neuromuscular junction, breathing difficulties as well as suffocationmay happen which arise to death. Much research has been carried out to find out theactive site of this enzyme, AChE, and the active site is confirmed to be a catalytictriad of Glu-327/His-440/Ser-200. There has also been research conducted to produceenzymes that mimic the AChE function, but until now there has been no research ondesigning and synthesizing the catalytic peptide to do the same reaction. The purposeof this research is doing the preliminary study on the new amino acid to test theircatalytic performance for hydrolysis reaction of para-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA), asubstrate similar to ACh. The amino acids used are the amino acids of the catalytictriad, which are glutamic acid(Glu), histidine(His) and serine(Ser). The catalyticactivities of the amino acids for the combinations of Glu+His, Glu+Ser, His+Ser andGlu+His+Ser are also tested. Activity assay of each amino acid or each combinationwere carried out by colorimetric method using PNPA as substrate. Our resultsindicated that His shows catalytic activity by its own but Glu and Ser did not showany catalytic property in this test. It shows that specific amino acids show catalyticactivity of PNPA hydrolysis reaction and in this case is His. The His+Ser andGlu+His+Ser combinations have shown better catalytic performance compared to Hisalone. The activity of Glu+His+Ser combination is higher when the substrateconcentration is higher if compared to His+Ser. We suggest that Glu+His+Ser can bea potential combination of being a starting point for the development of peptidecatalyst using this catalytic triad.21 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P07 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF NITROGEN-OXYGEN DONOR LIGAND AND THEIR TRANSITION METALCOMPLEXESC.K. Chah, Thahira B.S.A Ravoof*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: thahira.begum@science.upm.edu.myIsoniazid (isonicotinyl hydrazine) is an antimycobacterial agent which has been usedas a front line drug for chemotherapy of tuberculosis since 1952. Tuberculosis is aninfectious lung disease caused by various strains of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.Unfortunately, it was found that usage of isoniazid also caused some side effects inpatients. Hence, synthesis of metal complexes using chemicals similar in structure toisoniazid was attempted to overcome currently existing problem with treatment oftuberculosis. The synthesis method involved dissolving isoniazid and potassiumhydroxide in methanol followed by the addition of carbon disulfide and 4-methylbenzylchloride dropwise with continuous stirring. This synthesis method wasrepeated by using 3-methylbenzylchloride, 2-methylbenzylchloride andbenzylchloride to produce four different types of ligands. The ligand produced wasdissolved in hot ethanol.After that, Nickel (II) and Cobalt (II) chloride salt weredissolved separately in ethanol and added into an equimolar amount of ligand withstirring and heating to reduce the volume to half till solid started to form, which wasfiltered and recrystallised. A total of eight different types of metal complexes wereprepared. The metal complexes were characterized by Fourier Transform InfraredSpectrophotometer (FT-IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), MassSpectrometry (MS), Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Sulphur (CHNS) analyzer,Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), MagneticSusceptibility, Molar conductivity and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis). From the results,the metal complexes are expected to have a tetrahedral structure where the nitrogenatom and the oxygen atom from the ligands are bonded to the metal ion. Metalcomplexes have a higher melting point compare with Schiff bases. In the IR spectra ofthe metal complexes, the N-H band disappears, the C=O band shifts to the right andN-N band shifts to the left, indicative of coordination to the metal ion. The magneticsusceptibility and molar conductivity also indicate the formation of the desiredcomplexes.22 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P08 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF POLYPYRROLE/REDUCEDGRAPHENE OXIDE/IRON OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITE FORSUPERCAPACITOR APPLICATIONY.C. Euu, H.N. Lim*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: hongngee@upm.edu.myIn this research, polypyrrole (PPy) was reinforced with reduced graphene oxide (rGO)and iron oxide to achieve electrochemical stability and enhancement. The ternarynanocomposite was prepared using a facile one-pot chronoamperometry approach,which is inexpensive and experimentally-friendly. The x-ray diffraction(XRD) profileshowed the presence of PPy and a combination of Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 . The typical peakof graphene oxide (GO) was absent from XRD, indicating reduction of GO. This wasalso confirmed by the presence of a peak at 26 o , indicating π-π stacking interaction ofrGO sheets. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis illustrated enhanced current for thenanocomposite by more than twofold and sevenfold compared to its binary andindividual counterparts, respectively. After the 20 th cycle, the ternary nanocompositeremained stable and still adhered onto its substrate. The initial and final specificcapacitances were 115.3 F/g and 102.2F/G after 200 cycles. The sample exhibitedexcellent specific capacitance retention as there was only 11.4% of reduction.23 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P09 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OFPROBENECID-LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROZIDENANOCOMPOSITE1 H.H. Chua, 2, M.Z. Hussein*, 2 S.M. Nabil Mohsin and 1 R. Abdul Manap1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia2 Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of AdvancedTechnology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor,Malaysia.Corresponding author: mzobir@putra.upm.edu.myProbenecid has antibiotic, antiviral and antimicrobial properties. In the past fewdecades, probenecid has been widely used in prevention of rheumatism and treatmentof Parkinson’s disease. Probenecid has potential use as inotrope drug for heart failuretreatment due to its competitive inhibitor characteristicS. In this study, Probenecidwas intercalated in its anionic form into layered double hydroxide (LDH), ahydrotalcite-like material, using direct co-precipitation method. Synthesis parameterssuch as pH condition, metal cation molar ratio and guest anion concentration wereinvestigated to optimize drug intercalation. Successful intercalation of Probenecid intoLDH interlayer was confirmed with powder x-ray diffractometer (PXRD), Fouriertransform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), direct injection mass spectrometer (DIMS)and carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur (CHNS) analyzer. PXRD patterns of thenanocomposite showed an increase of basal spacing from 7.9 Å (pristine Zn/Al-NO 3LDH) to 27.9 Å. In addition, controlled released property of the intercalated LDH wasinvestigated using simulated gastrointestinal fluid (pH 4.8) and plasma fluid (pH 7.4).The results showed that drug release from LDH layers is a relatively slow andsustained process. This indicates potential for the synthesized Probenecid-LDHnanocomposite to be used as an effective drug delivery system.24 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P10 CONVERSION OF PALM OIL TO BIODIESEL OVERNiO/CaO CATALYSTS VIA CO-PRECIPITATION METHODEric S.T Soo, S. Zulkifie, E.N Muhamad*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: erneenm@science.upm.edu.myBiodiesels are an emerging field of interest in the renewable energy sector due to theirlow emission profiles and relatively low environmental impact. There has been muchresearch carried out on various catalysts to produce better improvements of existingcatalysts (i.e. homogeneous catalysts). Solid heterogeneous catalysts have betterbenefits in term of product separation and reusability. In this study, thetransesterification of palm oil to biodiesel on NiO/CaO catalysts prepared by coprecipitationmethod were studied. The effects of various reaction variables such asthe nickel oxide loading (3, 5, 10 and 15 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (10, 15, 20,25: 1 methanol: oil ratio), reaction time (2, 4, 6, 8 h), reaction temperature (65, 70, 75,80°C) and catalyst amount (1, 2, 3, 4 wt%) on the conversion of palm oil wereinvestigated. All of the prepared catalysts were characterized by means of X-rayDiffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Surface Area Measurement (BET), FieldEmission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Temperature Programmed Desorptionof CO 2 (TPD-CO 2 ). Among the prepared catalysts, 5wt% NiO-supported on CaOcatalyst shows the highest biodiesel yield of more than 85% at reaction conditions of75°C, 2h, 1:10 (oil: MeOH) and 1wt% of catalyst amount. Reusability of this catalystwas also examined.25 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P11 EFFECT OF SYNTHESIS DURATION ANDTEMPERATURE ON THE SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OFPOLYANILINE AND POLY(ANILINE-co-m-AMINOBENZOIC ACID)E.N. Zahar, A. Alimuddin, N. Abdul Rahman*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author:norizah@science.upm.edu.myIn this study, polyaniline and polyaniline-co-m-aminobenzoic acid was synthesized byusing chemical oxidation method with ammonium persulfate as an oxidizing agentwith several synthesis durations and temperature variations Five different synthesisdurations have been applied from 1 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours,and the synthesis temperature was varied from 0°C, room temperature and 50°C.Different copolymer (CP) compositions were prepared by varying the feed ratio ofaniline to m-aminobenzoic acid from CP 2:1, CP 1:1 and CP1:2.. By increasing thetemperature and synthesis duration, the incorporation of m-ABA increased. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy indicated the copolymerization of aniline and m-ABA had takenplace. The amount of reacted m-ABA in variable synthesis duration and temperatureswere determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and elemental analysis. The amountsof reacted m-ABA also increased as the synthesis duration and temperature increased.The conductivity increased to 1.05 Scm -1 for CP 2:1 and 1.56 Scm -1 for polyaniline asthe polymerization temperature decreased to 0°C. The conductivity is increased to1.01 Scm -1 for CP 2:1 as the polymerization time shortened, and prolonged thesynthesis duration gave a higher conductivity for polyaniline which is 4.55 Scm -1 . Inthis study, the optimized condition of synthesis duration and temperature toincorporate the copolymer were obtained.RHNRRNRHNHNHnWhere R = H for polyaniline= COOH and/or H for copolymer= COOH for p(m-ABA)26 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P12 ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF LEAD (II) ANDCOPPER (II) MEDIATED BY GRAPHENE AND CARBONNANOTUBES MODIFIED GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODEN.E.F. Ahmad Sarbri, N. Othman, W.T. Tan*, H.N. LimDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: wttan@science.upm.edu.myThe electrochemical reduction of Lead (II) and copper (II) solutions have been studiedat glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified via mechanical attachment with (a)graphene oxide, GO and (b) carbon nanotubes, CNT ((a) GO/GCE and (b) CNT/GCE)respectively. The electrochemical study has been carried out using variousvoltammetry techniques including cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry(CA) and chronocoulometry (CC). Cyclic voltammograms of lead (II) were scannedin 0.1M KNO 3 over the potential range to -1200mV to +200mV (versus Ag/AgCl) atscan rate of 100mV/s. The modified GC electrode, GO/GCE was found to be able toenhance the redox peak of Pb(II)/Pb(0) by about 2 times, and causes a potential shiftof about 337mV towards origin compared to unmodified GCE during cyclicvoltammetry. The presence of GO nanoparticles was believed to increase theelectrode active surface area and electrical conductivity, thus promoting more electrontransfer in the electrochemical reaction which resulted in enhancement in theelectrochemical responses. The conditions including supporting electrolyte, pH, scanrate, GO dosage and analyte concentration for optimum current enhancement wereobtained for Pb(II) solution. Similar voltammetric behavior was also observed for thereduction of Cu(II) in NH 4 Cl electrolyte using CNT/GCE. The enhancement of theCu(II)/Cu(0) redox peaks was about 1.5 times accompanied by potential shiftingtoward origin, compared to unmodified GCE electrode, indicating the presence ofelectrocatalysis process.27 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P13ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR CHIRAL LACTATEBIOSENSORN.F. Zaitong, S. Maarif, H. Husin,R. Mohd Zawawi*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, Malaysia*Corresponding Author: ruzniza@science.upm.edu.myBiosensors have shown great potential for health care and environmental monitoring.The performance of biosensors depends on their components, including the matrixmaterials between the recognition layer of biomolecule and transducer. Recently, zincoxide (ZnO) nanomaterials have attracted much interest as materials for biosensorsdue to their biocompatibility, chemical stability, high isoelectric point,electrochemical activity, high electron mobility, ease of synthesis by diverse methodsand high surface-to-volume ratio. The electrodeposition and hydrothermal depositionmethods were successfully used for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles to be used indeveloping chiral lactate biosensor. The L-lactate oxidase (L-LOx) was immobilizedwithin collagen matrix on the surface of ZnO nanostructure by gelling technique. ZnOnanoparticles were characterized using FESEM, XRD, Raman Spectroscopy and UV-Visible. Morphology characterization has shown the binding of ZnO withbiomolecules occurs in desired orientations with improved conformation and highbiological activity, resulting in enhanced sensing properties. The ZnO/Col/LOxmodifiedITO electrode was also characterized by electrochemical techniques.Experimental parameters affecting the lactate biosensor responses, such as appliedscan rate, temperature, pH and concentration of the analyte were assessed andoptimized. Analytical performances and dynamic ranges of the chiral lactate biosensorwere determined, and the results showed that the sensitivity, stability, andreproducibility of the lactate biosensor improved significantly by usingZnO/Col/LOx-modified ITO electrode. Figure 1 shows the mechanism of the chirallactate biosensor.Figure 1: Mechanism of Lactate Biosensor28 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P14 MICROWAVE SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETICALLYSEPARABLE ZnFe 2 O 4 -GRAPHENE FOR WASTEWATERTREATMENTF.A. Jumeri, A. Maimunah, H.N. Lim*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: janet_limhn@science.upm.edu.myMagnetically separable reduced graphene oxide (rGO) reinforced with nanoparticleswas synthesized via a microwave method. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) profile revealsthat the nanoparticles comprised of ZnFe 2 O 4 . It also indicates the reduction of GO torGO due to the disappearance of the typical GO peak and the appearance of therestacked graphene sheets peak at 2 = 26˚ and 43˚. Raman active optical phononmode, which is the characteristic peak of ZnO nanostructure, suggests that the asgrownZnO structure consists of wurtzite hexagonal phase with good crystallinity.Meanwhile, the appearance of a peak at 671 cm -1 shows the characteristic peak ofmagnetite, Fe 3 O 4 . The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)illustrates uniform dispersion of nanoparticles on the rGO sheets. The nanocompositewas tested on its photocatalytic performance under halogen illumination, andexhibited excellent bifunctionality of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation ofmethylene blue (MB). The photocatalytic capability reduced gradually during the fivecycles, which could be contributed by the leaching of nanoparticles from the surfaceof the rGO sheets. This could also be attributed to the reduction of degradation ratedue to the saturation of MB molecules on the surface of the nanoparticles, which canbe overcome by longer exposure to the halogen light.29 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P15Cerithedia obtusa SHELL AS A POTENTIAL SOLIDCATALYST FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTIONN.N.F. Mohd Noor, N.A.R Che Mohamad, E.N Muhamad*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: erneenm@science.upm.edu.myThe depletion of fossil fuel sources and environment concern issues has urged manyresearchers to seek for new alternative renewable energy sources such as biodiesel.Biodiesel is an environmentally viable fuel consisting of methyl esters of long chainfatty acids produced by transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats withmethanol. In this study, supported solid base heterogeneous catalyst developed fromwaste blunt snail shell (cerithedia obtusa) was used to catalyze the transesterificationof palm oil to biodiesel. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using X-rayDiffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Surface Area Measurement (BET), FieldEmission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The product (biodiesel) obtained wasanalyzed by using Gas Chromatography (GC-FID). The CaO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst hasshown better biodiesel yield of 98.25% compared to CaO/SiO 2 catalyst (58.82%) atreaction condition of 65°C, 5 h, 20:1 (MeOH:oil) and 3wt% of catalyst loading. Underthe same reaction conditions, unsupported-CaO catalyst only shows inferior biodieselyield (19.28%). The effects of various reaction variables such as the catalyst loading,methanol to oil molar ratio and reaction time on the conversion of palm oil were alsoinvestigated. The experimental result indicates CaO derived from blunt snail shell hasa potential as raw material to be used as an economical catalyst for biodieselproduction.30 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P16SYNTHESIS OF CINNAMIC ACID AND ITS DERIVATIVESF.N.A Osman, N. Mohd Yunos, A.M. Yahaya, S.M. Mohd Nor*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: smariam@upm.edu.myIn nature, cinnamic acid sometimes can be found occurring as its derivatives. Anexample of the common derivatives is the p-methoxycinnamic acid which only variesby the presence of methoxy substituent on the aromatic group of the compound. Thisp-methoxy group enhances the general bioactivity of this compound. One of thecommon reactions for the cinnamic acid and its derivatives is the esterificationprocess which could be done either in the presence of catalyst or without the presenceof catalyst. Five cinnamates were produced by esterification of cinnamic acid and p-methoxycinnamic acid with different alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, 1-hydroxy-1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile and 3-hydroxy-butyronitrile. Besides directesterification, this compound can undergo a reduction process using LiAlH 4 to give p-methoxycinnamic alcohol which then followed by esterification using acid which inthis case is acetic acid. Further study on the metal complexes of p-methoxycinnamicacid and its ester were conducted. The four complexes produced are Cu(p-mca)2,Fe(p-mca)3, Cu(mp-mce)2 and Fe(mp-mce)3. The site of coordination on ligands forp-methoxycinnamic acid complexes are at the oxygen atom of the carboxylate groupwhich is proven by the IR spectra that shows the disappearance of v(O-H) peak at2508.81 cm -1 . In the IR spectra of the methyl p-methoxycinnamate ester complexesv(C=O) peak at 1711.56 cm -1 disappeared.31 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P17 SOLID HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS FORTRANSESTERIFICATION OF MICROALGAE OIL FORBIODIESEL PRODUCTIONY.H. Taufiq-Yap a,b,* , F.L. Ng a,b , S.H. Teo a,ba Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre; b Department of Chemistry,Faculty of Science,Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: yap@science.upm.edu.myThree calcium-based solid heterogeneous catalysts have been investigated fortransformation of lipids of marine microalgae, Nannochloropsis oculata into methylesters. Naturally occurring Ca-Mg mixed oxide catalyst has been economicallyderived from a natural seaside waste material Clypeaster reticulatus (aka Sand Dollar)particularly found in seashore areas in Sabah, Malaysia. The other two catalysts, CaO-MgO and alumina supported Ca-Mg oxide catalyst were synthesized by conventionalco-precipitation method of corresponding mixed metal nitrates and modifiedhomogeneous co-precipitation deposition methods, respectively. The catalysts werecharacterized using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed desorption ofCO₂ (CO₂-TPD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and N₂ adsorption (BET). The crudemicroalgae lipids were extracted using a mixture of chloroform : methanol 1:2 v/v andwas performed with continuous stirring at ambient for 72 h. The reaction parametersfor transesterification of microalgae oil were set to reaction time of 3 h, 60 o C andmethanol to oil ratio of 60:1. Interestingly 3 wt% naturally occurring Ca-Mg mixedoxide catalyst loading was sufficient to give 89.78% microalgae oil conversioncompared to synthetic Ca-Mg mixed oxide catalyst only gave 71.15% microalgae oilconversion at higher 20% of catalyst loading whereas the alumina supported Ca-Mgmixed oxide catalyst gave 84.36% microalgae oil conversion at catalyst loading of 10wt. %.32 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P18 GREEN NANOEMULSION FORMULATION FORAZADIRACHTIN CONTAINING BIOPESTICIDE INCONTROLLING FRUIT FLYR.Z. Goh, C.J. Lim, M. Basri*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: mahiran@science.upm.edu.myFormulations of new nanoemulsion systems containing azadirachtin were developed.Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed with variable emulsion compositionsconsisting of esterified vegetable oil(FAMEs), mixed nonionic surfactants(MAPGsand Tween 85) and water. Isotropic state which is the monophasic and transparentliquid were obtained with higher FAMEs solubilization at the mixed surfactant ratios(MSRs) (MAPGs: Tween 85) of 2:8, 3:7, 5:5, 6:4 and 7:3. Samples were chosen fromthe isotropic phase and were incorporated with azadirachtin for pre-formulationformation. Selected pre-formulations were physically stable after being mixed,homogenized, centrifuged and stored at room temperature for three months and 54 o Cfor two weeks. The pre-formulations were developed into nanoemulsion formulationusing two emulsification methods ,the low energy stirring at 300rpm for 1 h andthehighshear mixing at 1500, 3000 and 4500rpm for 5 min.Nanoemulsion formulations were formed in the particle size ranges of 193.3 – 361.7nm and 138.9 – 291.6 nm for low-energy and high-energyemulsification methods,respectively. The morphology study from TEM showed that the nanoemulsionformulations were in the form of dispersed nanoparticles. The zeta potential datashowed that the nanoemulsion formulations were chemically stable (surpassedthreshold value of – 30.0 mV) in the range of –30.3 to –60.0 mV. The surface tensionvalues of the nanoemulsion formulations were promoted in the range of 31.0–33.0mN/m. In the biological activity study, the nanoemulsion formulations were dilutedand were compared to commercial formulation Neemax®. The formulation treatmentswere conducted on fruitfly bioassay over48 h. The mean mortality rates of thenanoemulsion formulations LE-NF1, LE-NF4, HS-NF1 and HS-NF4 were 40%,100%, 100% and 83.33% respectively, as compared to commercial Neemix® at63.33%.The environmentally friendly formulated products using green-basedchemicals are the latest forefront strategy in green nanotechnology for intervention inbiopesticide formulation.33 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P19CHEMO-ENZYMATIC EPOXIDATION OF ALKENESE.Abdul Malek*, H.N. Mizan, M. ArumugamDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: emilia@upm.edu.myIn this study, chemo-enzymatic epoxidation of alkenes were carried out by usingimmobilized Candida antartica lipase B (Novozym 435) as a catalyst and chloroformas reaction media. Highest conversion was achieved by using phenylacetic acid asoxygen carrier and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) used to initiate the oxidation ofphenylacetic acid to form proxy acid which was then reacted with alkene to giveepoxide. The alkene substrates used in this study were 1-nonene, cyclohexene and 1-methylcyclohexene. Alkenes were converted into epoxides efficiently with the rangebetween (75-99%) under optimal synthesis conditions including temperature (35°C),H 2 O 2 concentration (30%) in a single step addition and stirring rate 250 rpm. All thereactions were carried out within 12 h using conventional water bath shaker. Extendedstudy about recyclability of phenylacetic acid and recyclability of enzyme on chemoenzymaticepoxidation of alkene were studied. Residual activity of the enzyme hasbeen determined.34 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P20METAL COMPLEXES OF NATURALLY OCCURINGPIGMENTSN.H. Mat Hassan, N.F. Abas, S.Ramli, K. Sirat*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: kamaliah@science.upm.edu.myMetal complexes were synthesized from the reactions of metal ions with lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), curcumin (1,7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) and also ethanolic and aqueous extract of natural henna(L.inermis). Lawsone was reacted with sodium(I), magnesium(II), and potassium(I)while curcumin was reacted with Copper(II), Cobalt II), Nickel(II), Cadmium(II) andZinc(II). On the other hand, henna extract was reacted with Zinc(II), Copper II), andCadmium(II). All synthesized compounds were characterized by using a variety ofphysico-chemical analyses which are Fourier Transform-Infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy,CHNS elemental analyses, atomic absorption spectroscopy, gas chromatography-massSpectrometry, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, thermogravimetricanalysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and melting point determination.For the complexes of lawsone, FTIR analyses showed that the deprotonated lawsonebehaves as uninegatively charged chelating bidentate ligand. The results of theanalyses also showed the presence of water molecules in the coordination sphere ofthe complexes. Thus, the complexes were generally formulated asH[ML 2 (EtOH) 2 ].nH 2 O, where M=Na and K and H[ML 2 (EtOH) 2 ].nH 2 O where M=Mg,L denotes the deprotonated lawsone and n= 0,1,2 for crystalline water. Therefore, themetal complexes are in a 1: 2 ratio for metal to lawsone. The curcumin behaves as auninegatively charged bidentate chelating ligand which coordinates through theoxygen atoms to the metal ions. The acetate ions act as a unidentate negativelycharged ligand that binds to the metal ions. For complexes of henna extract, FTIRanalyses showed that the complexes prepared in aqueous solvents and at different pHshowed similar infrared spectra and GC-MS results. Both data indicates the presenceof lawsone molecule and fragmentation of acetate ion in the complexes. Hence, thecomplexes obtained from the henna extracts are suggested to contain lawsone andacetate which coordinates to metal ions.35 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P21 PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF ORGANIC DYESBY TiO 2 PHOTOCATALYST IMMOBILISED ONTO ITO GLASSZ. Zainal 1,2,* , W.S. Hee 1 , N.A. Awaludin 1 , N.A.A. Rashid 11 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia2 Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of AdvancedTechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: zulkar@science.upm.edu.myPhotocatalysis is a promising method in removing dyes from wastewater as thismethod is able to complete mineralization of the target pollutants, into non-toxicsubstances such as CO 2 , water and HCl if chlorinated contaminants are present. Underthe illumination of UV, TiO 2 coated onto glasses have self cleaning, disinfecting andanti-fogging properties. Thus, different techniques (dip coating, brush coating anddoctor blade) were applied to immobilise TiO 2 photocatalyst onto ITO glass in thisstudy. The tested organic dyes were Fast Green, Methylene Blue and Methyl Orangeusing TiO 2 slurry without and with HNO 3 treatment. Simple coating formulationinvolving commercialised TiO 2 powder (Degussa P25), polyethylene glycol (PEG),Triton X, ethanol and deionised water were used in the slurry preparation. Thin filmsamples of TiO 2 /ITO were calcined at 450 o C for 30 minutes. The obtained thin filmswere characterized using linear sweep photovoltammetry, ultraviolet-visiblespectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Effect of operating parameter towards thephotocatalytic degradation of organic dyes such as coating substrates, number ofcoating layers of TiO 2 onto ITO glass, concentration of TiO 2 , repeated usage ofTiO 2 /ITO thin films and initial concentration of organic dyes were investigated. Nitricacid treated TiO 2 displayed higher photocurrent response than untreated TiO 2 sample.Photocatalytic degradation of the tested organic dyes followed Langmuir–Hinshelwood first-order kinetics. Photocatalytic efficiency also varied with coatingtechniques used. It was found that after three hours of conducting the dye removalprocess, 10 ppm Fast Green was 8.206 ×10 -3 ppm min -1 cm -2 removed by using 15 g%of two dip coated layers of TiO 2 onto ITO glass. Besides, by using four layers of TiO 2brush coated thin film, 2.960 ×10 -3 ppm min -1 cm -2 of 10 ppm Methylene Blue wasremoved in four hours. For 10 ppm of Methyl Orange, it was 3.036 × 10 -3 ppm min -1cm -2 removed in four hours by using two doctor blade coated layers of 15 g % TiO 2 .36 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P22DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT AS MEDIA FOR ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTIONSE. Abdulmalek*, N. Abdul Rahman, S. N ZainulAbidin, L.S. Ho, S. ZulkefliDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorrresponding author: emilia@upm.edu.myDeep eutectic solvent (DES), a new generation of ionic liquidS, compose of a salt anda hydrogen bond donor. Mixing of the two components, sometimes both are solids,depressed the freezing point and result in a liquid. In the describe work, a fewenzyme-catalyzed reactions were performed in DES. Hydrolysis of ethyl butyrate wasperformed in DES that consisted of choline chloride and xylitol (1:1) with Novozyme435 as catalyst at 50°C, able to obtain 78% conversion after 24 h. The hydrolysis ofbutyl levulinate in mixtures of choline chloride and glucose under the same conditionsgave 80% conversion. Separately, DES was applied as treatment media for oil palmtrunk (OPT), an oil palm biomass in DES prior to enzymatic hydrolysis.The OPT washeat treated in choline chloride (ChCl)/glycerol and ethylammonium chloride(EAC)/glycerol mixture for 72 h after which hydrolysis was carried out usingcellulose and β-1,4-glcosidase. The outcome showed that ChCl:glycerol(1:2) DESwas more effective which resulted in a higher glucose yield.37 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P23 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF GLASSPOLYALKENOATE CEMENT USING Anadara Granosa SHELLSH. J. Ong, N. Zainuddin*, V. W. Francis ThooDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: hazlin@science.upm.edu.myGlass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) are produced via acid-base reaction betweencalcium- fluoroaluminosilicate glass powders and freeze- dried polyacrylic acid(PAA) powders. Anadara granosa shells (cockle shells), which mainly constituted byCaCO 3 , have been utilized in this study as CaO source for being a part of glasscomponents in GPC. Cockle shells preparation, glass synthesis, cement productionand characterizations were four main procedures involved. CaCO 3 or cockle shellswere mixed with SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaF 2 and P 2 O 5 and heated at 1500 °C for 2 hours. Twoglass types were produced via melt-quench route, GWX 1 and GFS 1, which wereformed from analytical grade CaCO 3 and cockle shells respectively. GPCs wereproduced by introducing distilled water into the pre-mixed glass and PAA powders inpowder to liquid ratio of 4:1 by weight. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-raydiffraction (XRD), Fourier- Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) andcompressive strength evaluation were employed for characterizations. 98.68% ofCaCO 3 was present in the cockle shells based on TGA analysis. This suggested cockleshells is an ideal natural source rich in CaCO 3 suitable to provide CaO. The absenceof sharp peaks observed in XRD pattern suggested that both GWX 1 and GFS 1glasses, were completely amorphous. FT-IR results showed that acid-base reactionoccurred in both GWX 1 and GFS 1 as indicated by conversions of carboxylic acid, -COOH into metal polyacrylate (salt) and hydrated silica gel, SiOH into silica gellayer, Si-O-Si respectively. It was found that setting reaction in GPCFS was slowerthan GPCWX at 30 minutes setting. In addition, GPCFS exhibited relatively lowercompressive strength at 1 day, by the difference of 25.30 MPa. This was because Na +present in cockles shells had competed with metal cations for carboxylate groups ofPAA, thus inhibited cross-linking process during setting reaction. Besides, it wasobservable that FT-IR spectra for both GPCWX and GPCFS showed insignificantchange for peak intensities of COOH and salt after 1 day setting. This suggested thatboth glass types had completely set after 1 day, which was also supported byinsignificant increment of compressive strength values for both GPCWX and GPCFSafter 1 day. In conclusion, Anadara granosa shells can be potentially utilized for theglass synthesis in GPC production as GPCFS eventually exhibited similar settingproperties and compressive strength as GPCWX.38 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P24 MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF PALMKERNEL OIL-BASED NANO-EMULSION SELF AGGREGATIONFOR PARENTERAL DRUG DELIVERYI.Kashaban, N.H. Faujan, R.A. Karjiban*, M. BasriDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding Author: rosa.abedi@gmail.comPalm kernel oil esters (PKOEs) are synthesized via enzymatic trans-esterification ofpalm kernel oil with oleyl alcohol. Nano-emulsion formulation containing DPPC,water, and PKOEs has a great potential to be used as a drug carrier for parenteraldelivery. The high surface area per unit volume could be the main reason for moreefficient delivery of drug molecules to the target site. Molecular dynamics (MD) is asimulation method which applies Newton laws of motion to study molecular systemsat atomic details. The homogenous region of an experimentally determined phasediagram with the ratio of 70:20:10 (DPPC:water:PKOEs) was chosen for our MDinvestigation. The molecular dynamic simulation was performed for 5.0 ns usingOPLS-AA force field in GROMACS. Micellization was initiated with a randomdistribution of molecules at 0.0 ns followed by forming an aggregated structurethroughout simulation. The principal moments of inertia showed the ratio of1.53:1.23:1 with almost two higher values and one much lower, indicating a prolatelikeshape. From our results, it can be suggested that the model system may possessthe ability for self-aggregation and a great potential to be used as a drug carrier in theparenteral drug delivery applications.39 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P25PLASTICIZATION OF POLY(LACTIC ACID) BY USING(POLY)ETHYLENE GLYCOL)M.L.H. Abdul Manan, N.I. Md Saleh, N.A. Ibrahim*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding Author: norazowa@science.upm.edu.myPoly (lactic acid)/ poly (ethylene glycol) (PLA/PEG) blends were prepared using meltblending technique. Poly (lactic acid)/ poly (ethylene glycol) blends were prepared atseven different compositions of PLA/PEG in 99 : 1 , 97 : 3 , 95 : 5 , 93 : 7 , 92 : 8 ,91 : 9 and 90 : 10. The samples were then compressed using compression mouldingat 160°C. The samples were characterized using Fourier Transform InfraredSpectroscopy (FTIR) to identify the absorption peak shifts of carbonyl region todetermine the interaction of the PLA with PEG. PEG acts as a plasticizer which isused to alter the physical and mechanical properties of PLA. The effects of PEG onPLA were studied using tensile Instron machine whereas Thermogravimetric Analysis(TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Micrograph(SEM) were used to investigate the thermal properties of the blends as well as itsmorphology properties. Addition of PEG reduced the tensile strength, flexuralstrength and impact strength was decreased as well as the tensile modulus and flexuralmodulus. This proves that the poly (lactic acid) has plasticizing effect. However theelongation at break of PLA has been improved after addition of PEG. FTIR analysisshows a shifted frequency in PLA/PEG400 blends which indicates the chemicalinteraction between the plasticizer and polymer matrix but for PLA/PEG8000, it onlyshows a physical interaction. DSC result represents the glass transition temperature(T g ) of PLA decreased by the addition of PEG. This result proves the fact that PEGcan acts as plasticizer. SEM micrographs show that the plasticized PLA has roughersurface compared to pure PLA which indicate that the physical properties isimproved. From the water absorption test, it shows that PLA absorbs more water asthe PEG content increases.40 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P26 THE SYNTHESIS AND EFFECTS OF Ph ANDCALCINATION TEMPERATURE ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OFMo-V-O CATALYSTSH. Mohd Sanusi, H.R. Wong, J.H. Chin, I.Ramli*, H. Mohd Sidek, S.Mohd NoorDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding Author: irmawati@science.upm.edu.myMoVO x usage as a catalyst has been of much interest lately for its various oxidationreactions including the selective propane oxidation to acrylic acid. This pathway is analternative route to the conventional one using alkene as the starting material. Thepreparation of Molybdenum Vanadium Oxide, MoVO x was successfully synthesizedby using the microwave irradiation method. In this research, the main source ofVanadium used isAmmonium Metavanadate, NH 4 VO 3 whereas the main source forMolybdenum is Ammonium Heptamolybdate, (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 •4H 2 O. The ratio ofMolybdenum to Vanadium is 1:0.3. These samples were calcined for three hours at280 o C before flowing in the Nitrogen gas at different calcinations temperature(300, 400, 500, and 600). Synthesis parameters such as calcinationtemperature and pH of precursor were found to have a profound effect on the catalyststructure and chemical properties.The properties of the precursors and of the catalystsobtained were characterized by Thermogravimetric/DerivativeThemogravimetric(TG/DTG), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning ElectronMicroscopy (SEM), Temperature Programmed Reduction in Hydrogen (H 2 -TPR),Fourier Transform InfraredSpectroscopy (FT-IR)and Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). By comparing the obtained results, thesample with calcination temperature of 600 was the best with the most acceptableproperties which will later be studied on the effects of precursor preparation pH (6.5,4.5, 2.5 and 1.0).At 600°C the FT-IR spectrum showed the Mo and V bonding withinthe range of 1000cm -1 and the complete removal of organic species. XRD analyses ofthese catalysts indicated that the tetragonal phase is the active phase of the Mo-V-Owhere a well developed tetragonal phase was successfully achieved when catalystsprepared at pH 2.5 gave the highest peak at 2θ = 6° and 8°. The SEM image capturedon the catalysts prepared also suggested that the sample prepared at pH 2.5 presentedthe highest crystalline phases among the others. The obtained results showmorphology of the MoVO x in rectangular-rod shape which is possible evidence thatthe precursor preparation pH would have a strong effect on the characteristics of theMoVO x catalysts. Among the catalyst samples, MoVO x prepared at pH 2.5 presentedmore concrete crystalline tetragonal phases comparatively. The oxide was found tohave Molybdenum to Vanadium atomic ratio of 1:0.3, which were supported by theICP-AES analysis conducted.41 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P27 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OFFURALDEHYDE SCHIFF BASES AND THEIR TRANSITIONMETAL COMPLEXESJ.Jamsari, Thahira BSA Ravoof*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding Author: thahira.begum@science.upm.edu.myS-2-methylbenzyldithiocarbazate (S2MBDTC) and S-4-methylbenzyldithiocarbazate(S4MBDTC) were used as starting materials for condensation of Schiff bases. Thecompounds were synthesized by the reaction of potassium hydroxide and hydrazinehydrate, followed by the addition of 2-methylbenzylchloride and 4-methylbenzylchloride respectively. Two Schiff bases were successfully synthesizedfrom the reaction of S2MBDTC and S4MBDTC with 2-furaldehyde. Both Schiffbases were studied and characterized by elemental analysis melting point, FourierTransform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), CHNS elemental analyses, massspectrometry (MS), molar conductivity and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Sixtransition metal complexes were prepared with Schiff bases by condensation reactionusing Ni(II) acetate, Cd(II) acetate and Zn(II) acetate. All metal complexes containtwo ligands and are expected to have a distorted four-coordinate structure withgeneral formulae NiL 2 , CdL 2 , and ZnL 2 (L = bidentate Schiff base). The X-raycrystallographic analysis and biological studies of these complexes are currentlyongoing.42 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P28CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF Artocarpusaltilis(Moraceae)S.L. Kai, M. Rahmani*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: mawardi@science.upm.edu.myArtocarpusaltilis(Parkinson) Fosberg is a species under Moraceae family. Commonlyknown as breadfruit and is believed to be native to a large area extending from theIndo-Malayan Archipelago the Philippines and the Moluccas (Indonesia) throughNew Guinea to Western Micronesia. Genus Artocarpusis an exceptional rich sourceof phenolic compounds such as prenylated and gerany flavonoids based on previousstudies. One known prenylated flavone, artonin E was isolated by columnchromatographic procedure from the ethyl acetate extract of stem bark orange needleshapedcrystals with melting point244 o C. The structure of the compound wascharacterized with various spectroscopy methods including nuclear magneticresonance spectroscopy (NMR), gas chromatograph-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS),infra-red spectroscopy (IR) and ultra-violet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis).43 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P29PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF Garcinia nitidaJ.H. Kong, G.C.L. Ee*, I. See and S. DaudDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: gwen@science.upm.edu.myGarcinia species mainly grows in the lowland rainforests of the tropical world.Previous chemical studies on Garcinia species have found that the species are rich inbiologically active secondary metabolites such as xanthones, flavanoids, triterpenoidsand coumarins. A number of these compounds have been reported to exhibit anticancer,anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects. Our present phytochemical study onthe stem bark of Garcinia nitida has led to the isolation of two xanthones,rubraxanthone and osajaxanthone, along with stigmasterol. The pure compounds ofGarcinia nitida were obtained through isolation and purification of the ethyl acetateand methanol extracts. The structural elucidations of these compounds were achievedusing 1D and 2D NMR and MS techniques.44 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P30 DESIGN AND OPTIMISATION OF NANODELIVERYSYSTEM FOR FULLERENE, A POTENT ANTIOXIDANTF.F. Lye, C.L. Ngan, M. Basri*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author:mahiran@science.upm.edu.myFullerene is classified as the third carbon allotrope which was discovered aftergraphite and diamond. Fullerene possesses antioxidant activity which could preventany oxidative stress-related diseases. Due to the hydrophobicity of fullerene,employment of fullerene in cosmetics can be difficult, while altering its structurecould weaken the original antioxidant activity. No research in designing transdermaloil-based nano-emulsion system for fullerene was ever reported. In this study,formulation containing fullerene was prepared by using combination of high energymethods: high shear homogenization and ultrasonication. Response SurfaceMethodology (RSM) based on five-level Central Composite design (CCD) and threelevelBox-Behnken design (BBD) were employed to optimise the conditions forpreparing fullerene nano-emulsions. Interactive effects between palm kernel oilesters:fullerene (12.5-17.5 %), Tween 80:Span 80 (4:1, 6.25-8.75 %), and xanthangum (0.7-0.9 %) concentrations, the homogenization speed (4250-4750 rpm),sonication amplitude (40-60 % amplitude) and sonication time (60-120 s) on theparticle size, zeta potential and viscosity of the colloidal systems were investigated.Results showed that the experimental data could be adequately fitted into secondorderpolynomial models which were validated by excellent evidence in analysis ofvariance (ANOVA). The evidence used includes randomly scattered residuals, high F-values, low P-values, non-significant lack of fit and high regression coefficients. Thesuggested optimum conditions for nano-emulsion preparation having the criteriabased on smallest particle size and highest zeta potential which derived from RSMwere 12.5 % of PKOEs, 7.68 % of surfactant, 0.9 % of xanthan gum, homogenizationspeed of 4750 rpm, 52.5 % sonication amplitude and sonication time for 70 s. Theoptimal formulation was stable against centrifugal force. Further confirmation byeight randomly chosen formulations was carried out and the experimental values werein agreement with the predicted values. The great fit of the models applied led to thesuccess of RSM in optimising the nanodelivery system for fullerene. The optimalformulation showed excellent storage stability at room temperature and 50°C for over3 months as well as in freeze-thaw cycles. The formulation exhibited pseudoplasticbehaviour and was resistant against bacterial growth in the sample.45 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P31SYNTHESIS OF POLY(ACRYLONITRILE-co-ACRYLAMIDE)NANOPOROUS MICROBEADS AND THEIR COPPER(II)ADSORPTION PROPERTIES AFTER AMIDOXIMATION.M. Khairuddin , S.N.A. Md. Jamil*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author:nurul_ainjamil@yahoo.comRedox copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with acrylamide (AM) was carried outin deionized water at 40°C using sodium bisulfate (SBS) and potassium persulphate(KPS) as free radical initiators. Monomer feed used were 100:0, 97:3 , 95:5 , 93:7 ,and 90:10 (AN:AM) aiming to achieve a different porous structure. By modification,the cyano groups in poly(Acrylonitrile (AN)-co-Acrylamide (AM)) beads wereconverted to amidoxime (AO) groups by reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride(NH 2 OH·HCl) with proven by complex-forming properties to remove Cu (II) inaqueous solution. The modified and unmodified poly(AN-co-AM) were characterizedby Fourier Transformation Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning ElectronMicroscopy (SEM). The modified poly(AN-co-AM) were analyzed by InductiveCouple Plasma (ICP) to investigate its adsorption for Cu(II). According to the FTIRspectra, the characteristic band of nitrile group occurs at 2240 cm -1 . There was anappearance of strong band at 1680 cm -1 due the stretching of the carbonyl group in theacrylamide monomer in all unmodified poly(AN-co-AM) .In addition, the unmodifiedcopolymers show large N-H stretching at 3400 cm -1 . In the FTIR spectrum ofamidoximated poly(AN-co-AM), there are additional bands arising from a newlyformed C=N functional group at range 1665 cm -1 that support the successful surfacemodification .The broad band at 3000-3700 cm -1 indicates the H-bonding of NH 2 andO-H in the amidoxime structure. The surface morphology analysis shows that alkalinetreatment enhances the potential for much faster adsorption and provides morefavorable pore structure for the rapid rate of diffusion of Cu(II). The pore size ofmodified poly(AN-co-AM) is much bigger as compared to the unmodified poly(ANco-AM).Various parameters have been investigated to examine the optimum sorptioncapacity at experimental condition such as pH, initial metal concentration, contacttime, and amount of dosage of poly(AN-co-AM). The experimental results showedthat the maximum sorption capacity of Cu (II) occur at pH 5 with 52.63 mg/g at 25°C.The sufficient contact time required for optimum sorption is 4 hours throughadsorption kinetics study. The sorption capacity increased when the initial metalconcentration increases from 25 to 400ppm at pH 5. However, the sorption capacitydecreased from 19.12 to 4.78 mg/g as sorbent dosage increased. The Langmuir modelwas much better than the Freundlich model to describe the isothermal process. Basedon the overall result, the modified poly(AN-co-AM) microbeads seem to be a goodadsorbent for the Cu (II) removal in the environmental cleanup.46 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P32CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OFArtocarpusheterophyllus(Moraceae)M. Yap, M. Rahmani*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: mawardi@science.upm.edu.myThe purpose of the study was to isolate the chemical constituent of the jackfruit tree,Artocarpusheterophyllus, which have been reported to contain various secondarymetabolites which showed various potential pharmacology properties. The part of theplant investigated was the bark of the branch. The air dried bark was grinded andsoaked in ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate was used as objective of the study was to isolatemedium polar secondary metabolites. The ethyl acetate extract was then run throughvarious chromatography techniques in order to get a purified compound. Purifiedcompound obtain was then identified by using various spectroscopy methods such asNMR, IR, GC-MS, and UV. A known flavonoid compound was successfully isolatedfrom the ethyl acetate extract identified as artocarpin.47 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P33ENZYMATIC LEVULINATE ESTERS HYDROLYSIS INDEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTSM. Mazlan, T.Z.F. Tuan Zainuddin, D. Krishnan, M.B. Abdul Rahman*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: basya@upm.edu.myEsters are one of the most widespread of all naturally occurring compounds. Estersare carboxylic acids derivativeS and formed through reactions between an acid and analcohol with the elimination of water as the side product. In this work, butyl levulinateand methyl levulinate are the ester being used for the hydrolysis process. Butyllevulinate is used as a key intermediate which has diverse applications while methyllevulinate is widely used fine chemical intermediate and polymer monomer, making itan ideal platform chemical from cellulose. These projects focus on the hydrolysis oflevulinate esters in deep eutectic solvents via enzymatic method. Deep eutecticsolvents are a new class of solvents which are typically formed by mixing anammonium salt and a hydrogen-bond donor (HBD). Deep eutectic solvent used in thiswork is choline chloride : urea (1:2). The hydrolysis reaction of levulinate esters isdone with the aid of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase (Novozyme 435) ascatalyst. The percentage of conversion is determined by titration with 0.01M NaOH.Optimization study was done based on several parameters such as temperature,reaction time course and quantity of enzyme and substrate. The products of hydrolysiswere subjected to various analytical procedures namely TLC, IR and NMR forqualitative measurement. The optimized condition yielded >50% conversion of butyllevulinate and >63% conversion of methyl levulinate.48 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P34THE EFFECT OF MECHANOCHEMICAL TREATMENT OFEGGSHELLS CATALYST FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTIONN.N.Najat 1 ,Y.H.Taufiq Yap 1,2 * and N.A.Mijan 1,21 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia2Centre of Excellence for Catalysis Science and Technology (putraCAT), UniversitiPutra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: yap@science.upm.edu.myDue to the depleting supplies of fossil resources, rise of petroleum price and everincreasingenvironmental concern, there has been a search for alternative fuel that iscapable of fulfilling an increasing energy demand. Biodiesel is a clean renewable fuelderived from biological sources. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel duel to severaladvantages which is renewable, nontoxic, low viscosity, high lubricity, biodegradableand environmentally friendly. Biodiesel is comprised of monoalkyl esters of longchain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal’s fats. Biodiesel can beproduced via transesterification reaction of vegetable oils or animal fats reacted withmethyl alcohol in the present of catalyst. In this work, biodiesel production bytransesterification of palm oil with methanol has been investigated in heterogeneoussystem using waste eggshells as a catalyst. The waste eggshells underwentmechanochemical treatment to study the effect times of milling. The preparedcatalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Brunner-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), temperature programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO 2 -TPD) and gaschromatography (GC) was used for biodiesel characterization. The effect of molarratio of methanol to oil, the reaction time and catalyst loading were studied in order tooptimize the reaction condition. The conversion of biodiesel withoutmechanochemical treatment yielded highest conversion which is 98.4% whentransesterification was carried out at 65 ˚C by employing 3wt.% catalyst and 30:1methanol to oil molar ratio. Compared by the utilization of 1h mechanochemicaltreatment under the same reaction parameter, it gave 95.4% of biodiesel conversion.The lower conversion of biodiesel due to the agglomeration process which coveredthe active sites of the catalyst after the mechanochemical treatment was shown by theSEM images.49 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P35SOLVENT-FREE OXIDATION OF BENZYL ALCOHOLUSING Au-Pd SUPPORTED ON CARBON CATALYSTS.N. Ibrahim and M.I. Saiman*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: izham@science.upm.edu.myIn the fine chemicals industry, oxidation of alcohols has an enormous importance,predominantly in the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes for synthesizinghighly valuable intermediates, particularly for the perfumery industry. Alcoholoxidations are carried out at a commercial scale using stoichiometric oxygencontributors such as chromate or permanganate until now, but these reagents arecostly and possess severe toxicity and environmental issues. A momentous discoveryin the last two decades has been the insight that gold, in the form of supportednanoparticles, is remarkably effective as an oxidation catalyst. In this research, theeffect of the method of preparation of bimetallic gold and palladium supported oncarbon was determined and the activities of the catalysts prepared were evaluated byoxidation of benzyl alcohol in solvent-free condition at mild temperature (~80°C).Benzyl alcohol was chosen as a model reaction owing to its comparatively highreactivity. X-ray diffraction together with analysis for surface area using Brunauer-Emmet-Teller theory was done for structural characterization of the catalysts. As aresult, outstanding activities of the catalysts have been observed where the conversionwas approximately fourfold compared to the uncatalyzed reaction. The 0.5%wt Au-0.5%wt Pd supported on carbon catalysts prepared using sol-immobilization hasdemonstrated higher activity with conversion of 35.5% compared to impregnationmethod of only 22.9% conversion. The synergistic effect of alloying Au with Pd hasenhanced the catalytic efficacy when compared with the monometallic of either Au orPd for both preparation methods. In this study, the effects of time towards thecatalytic reaction progress as well as the reusability of the catalyst were authenticated.50 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P36PEDOT FORMATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONSN.A. Mazelan, E.N. Ahmad, M.N. Rahiman, Y. Sulaiman*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: yusran@science.upm.edu.myA study of electropolymerization of poly (3, 4-ethelenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thinfilm using chronopotentiometry technique in aqueous solution has been carried out inthe presence of various types of dopants and surfactants with different concentrations,times and current densities. The dopants used were bromide, chloride, iodine andperchlorate.The surfactants used include sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), triton-X andtetraethylammoniumtetraflouroborate (TEABF 4 ).The formation of PEDOT on theelectrode was confirmed by FTIR spectra obtained.The bands around 1197 and 1119cm −1 correspond to C-O-C asymmetric and symmetric stretching, respectively. Thesepeaks have shifted to higher (1294.65 cm −1 ) and lower (1023 cm −1 ) wavelengths in thepresence of surfactants. These shifting have confirmed strong interactions betweenPEDOT and surfactant molecules. Various morphologies such asgranular, needleshapedcrystals and compact morphology were observed when different dopants andsurfactants were used. The thickness of PEDOT films formed increased withincreasing the current densities and times.51 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P37CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM Murraya Koenigii andKaempferia angustifolia.R.C. Ng, N. Buhera, M.N Ibrahim, M.A. Sukari*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: aspollah@science.upm.edu.myPhytochemical investigation has been carried out on stem bark and roots of MurrayaKoenigiias well as rhizomes of Kaempferia angustifolia. The dried sample wasground into fine powder and extracted successively by cold percolation with hexane,chloroform and ethyl acetate as the solvents respectively. Isolation and purificationwork onM. Koeningii extracts afforded three carbazole alkaloids known asgirinimbine, murrayanine, and mahanimbine. On the contrary, detailed investigationon rhizomes of K.angustifolia has led to the isolation of abietenediterpene identifiedas kaempfolienol. These compounds were separated from the extracts by variouschromatographic techniques such as thin layer chromatography, columnchromatography, and vacuum liquid chromatography. Their structures wereestablished by interpretation of IR, GC-MS and NMR as well as comparison withpublished data.52 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P38 DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND ACTIVITY STUDIES OFNOVEL ANTIFREEZE PEPTIDE DERIVED FROM SHORTHORNSCULPIN ANTIFREEZE PROTEINA.A. Suratman, N. Abu Bakar, B. A. Tejo*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: bimo@upm.edu.myOrganisms that live in cold environment are able to survive due to their uniquecharacteristic, in which they are able to produce antifreeze proteins (AFPs). AFPswork by inhibiting the ice crystal growth and suppressing the water freezing point,which eventually could harm the organisms. The unique functions of AFPs haveattracted interests in utilizing the proteins for industrial or medical applications. In thisstudy, we aimed to design novel antifreeze peptides derived from the structure ofshorthorn sculpin antifreeze protein. It has been suggested that the helical segment ofsequence of shorthorn sculpin AFP is responsible for the antifreeze activity. Threepeptides derived from the sequence of shorthorn sculpin AFP had been designed andsynthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis with Fmoc-protected amino acids onRink amide resin. The antifreeze activity of the synthesized peptides was measured byice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) assay. The structure of antifreeze peptides wasdetermined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Our resultsshowed that the helical structure and the extent of peptide helicity play very importantrole in enhancing the antifreeze activity of the peptides derived from shorthornsculpin AFP sequence.53 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P39 INFLUENCE OF THE TYPE OF SURFACTANT ONMORPHOLOGICAL NANOSTRUCTURE OF FIBROUSCELLULOSE/POLYPYRROLE COMPOSITESM. M. Abdi*, N.A. Abu Bakar, Z. ZainalAbidinDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: mahnaz@science.upm.edu.myIn this research, composite of Polypyrrole-Microfibrillated Cellulose (PPy-MFC)prepared in the presence of different surfactant. Conducting Polypyrrole (PPy) wassynthesized via chemical polymerization method by using different concentration ofPyrroleusing Ammonium persulfate(NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 which act as oxidant . Themorphologies of resulting composite greatly depends on the monomer concentrationand surfactant chain length. The characterization of PPy was done by FourierTransform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).The effect of PPy on electrical properties and thermal stability of the composites wereinvestigated. Four probe conductivity measurements has exhibited that increasingamount of pyrrole increased the conductivity of the composites. Thermal GravimetricAnalysis (TGA) has showed that incorporation of PPy has improved the thermalstability of the composites. Composites prepared with different surfactant haveexhibited improvement in some thermal properties. Sphere-like Polypyrrolecomposite structures are obtained if the short chain cationic surfactantoctyltrimethylammonium bromide (OTAB) is used. However, when the long chaincationic surfactant dodeyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) orcetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)is used, ribbon-like or wire-likepolypyrrole is obtained. If anionic surfactant such as Sodium Dodecyl BenzeneSulfonate(SDBS) is used, no characteristic nanostructures of Polypyrrole wereobserved.54 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P40SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM Calophyllumsclerophyllum andCalophyllum buxifoliumN.H. Zamakshshari, Y.Q. Pang, G.C.L Ee*, S.Daud1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry UniversitiTeknologi MARAPahang, 26400 Jengka.PahangCorresponding author: gwen@science.upm.edu.myThe genus Calophyllum comprises 180-200 species distributed in the tropical rainforest with some occurring in Malaysia. It believed that there are quite a number ofsecondary metabolites that can be isolated from this plant and have a potential as anticancer,anti-bacterial and anti-microbial agents.Our recent work on the investigationof secondary metabolites from the steam bark of Calophyllumsclerophyllum andCalophyllumbuxifoliumhas led to the isolation of five xanthones, and one flavonoid.They arepyrojacarebin(1), macluraxanthone(2), ananixanthone(3), trapezifolixanthone(4), caloxanthone A (5), and catechin(6) respectively.The structural elucidation ofthese compounds was achieved through MS, IR 1 H, 13 C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC andHMBC spectroscopic analysis.55 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P41 OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION METHOD ANDICHTHYOTOXICITY OF CLINACANTHUS NUTANSN. Kamairudin 1 , A. Isha 2 , I.S. Ismail 1,2*1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia2 Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,Malaysia*Corresponding author: intan@science.upm.edu.myClinacanthus nutans belonging to the family Acanthaceae is a well-known medicinalplant used in Thai folklore medicine. It is a native tropical Asian herb which is foundabundantly in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Laos and Cambodia. Malaysians calledit Belalai Gajah and in Thailand, it is called Phaya Plong Thong. Ichthyotoxic orpiscicidal assay is an in vivo biological activity study using fish (e.g. zebrafish; Daniorerio).The aims of this study are to optimize the extraction method of Clinacanthusnutans leaves and to determine its ichthyotoxicity on zebrafish. C. nutans leaves wereextracted by using different parameters of solvent, temperature and extraction time tooptimize the yield (weight). Triplicate of samples (0.1 g each) were prepared fromwhich the average weight of the extracts was compared and then correlated to theichthyotoxic activity. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was done on all extractswherein the spots were observed under short and long UV wavelength. It wasdetermined that the best solvent is methanol and the best extraction time is 7 hourswith average yield of 0.0211g. The best temperature is at room temperature (25 o C)with an average weight of 0.0225g. For TLC, the best solvent developing system ishexane : ethyl acetate (7 : 3). However, there was no active extract observed in theichthyotoxic assay as there was no mortality of the zebrafish. These findings showthat the best extraction method for C. nutans leaves is methanol at 25 o C for 7 hours.56 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P42 PREPARATION, CHARACTERISATION ANDPHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF Ag/ZnO and Cu/ZnOPHOTOCATALYSTM.A. Zaid., M. Goh, A.H. Abdullah*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: halim@science.upm.edu.mySemiconductor photocatalyst often leads to partial or complete mineralization oforganic pollutants. Upon irradiation with UV light, semiconductor catalyse redoxreaction in presence of air and water. However the use of semiconductor photocatalystonly such as ZnO and TiO2 is limited because of the recombination of the generatedphoto-holes and photo-electron. One way to approach it is by doping it with anothermetal inside the catalyst. Here, the potential of a common semiconductor, ZnO dopedwith the silver or copper as a photocatalyst, has been explored as an effective catalystfor the photocatalytic degradation of an organic pollutant: 4-chlorophenol (4-cP) inaqueous solution. The results will be different between the two dopings but thepurposes are same which is to ensure the efficiency of the catalyst are increasedtoward the degradation. An 8 watt lamp is used as the source of the UV-radiation in abatch reactor. The effects of operational parameters such as the amount ofphotocatalyst is been examined while substrate concentration is being constant in theexperiment. Spectroscopic method (UV-vis spectrophotometer) was used todetermine the 4-cP concentration after the degradation. The mass loading that givesthe best degradation in 90 minutes is sent for other characterizations such as X-raydiffraction (XRD), band gap, FESEM and BET together with nearest mass loading ofcatalyst that give the best degradation.57 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P43SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF LDH-LATEXSTIMULANT NANOCOMPOSITE CHITOSANM.P.S. Paniran, A. Mohamad Jaafar*, M.Z. HusseinDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: adilamj@science.upm.edu.myLayered organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite material was synthesized by coprecipitationmethod by using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a guestanion . 2,4-D was intercalated into the interlamella of organic host with ratio of Zn/Alset at 2,3, and 4. The intercalation of the anion was verified by XRD diffractogramwhere the increasing of basal spacing between the organic host and the hybridnanocomposite was spotted best at ratio 2 from 9.0 Å to 25.8 Å. FTIR spectra of thenanocomposite showed a combined pattern of both spectra of the guest anion and hostspecies. The nanocomposite is then coated with chitosan to observe the effects on theimprovement of hybrid nanocomposite. Several other characterization has beencarried out such as Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM),Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen SulphurAnalyzer (CHNS). The result from this study shows that the intercalation of guestanion into host species and coating of the nanocomposite has been accomplished. Thismaterial is hoped to be a safe and slow controlled release material for latex stimulantin industry.58 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P44 FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION FORPOLYCAPROLACTONE/ COPPER(II) OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITESTHIN FILMSP.K Then, M. Ahmad*, K. ShameliDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: mansorahmad@upm.edu.myThe polycaprolactone (PCL) is commercially available with relatively low cost ifcomparing to other petrolchemical-based side product, high flexibility, biodegradableand hydrophobic nature. The copper (II) oxide, CuO is one of the importantsemiconductors materials, with narrow band gap, and is widely developed inphotoconductive and photo-thermal field. CuO as well, could act as antibacterialagent. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has run rigorous tests ofantimicrobial property of metallic copper surfaces, and led to the registration ofcopper alloys as antimicrobial agents. The CuO nanosheets (NSs) powder wasprepared by quick precipitation. Copper nitrate mixed well with poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) and NaOH to form a sol gel,was then heated at 60°C in water bath shakerand centrifuged after cooling down. The CuONSs granules were ground to powderand ready for use. The thin films were made by dissolving the PCL in chloroform,after that mixing with CuO NSs powder. The mixture was then cast into a petri dishand covered. The solvent in the petri dish was left to dry until a thin film formed. Thethin films were characterized with PXRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis, TEM, FESEM, AAS andbioactivity test. The PXRD crystallograms had shown that the CuO peak wasobserved around 36 and 38 degrees in the PCL/CuONanocomposites (NCs). Thespectra of FT-IR indicated the CuO is modified by PVP, and there is low chemicalinteraction between CuO and PCL. All the PCL/CuO NCs thin films shown noinhabition zones to all bacteria. CuO NSs powder showed an inhibition zone towardsBacillus Subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, but not Pseudomonasaruginosa. The AAS tests revealed that there was low concentration of Cu 2+ ions fromtime to time. The observation from the FESEM shown that, as the concentration ofCuO increased, the morphology of compound surface changed. The TEM resultsshowed that, as the composition of CuO increased, the size of particle increased as thesame time.59 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P45 PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF SILVERNANOPARTICLES IN CHITOSAN VIA ULTRASONIC METHODS.N. Rafidah, M. Ahmad*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: mansorahmad@upm.edu.mySilver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized via sonochemical method, a greenprocess, and with chitosan (Cts) as the stabilizing agent. The effects of fourparameters were investigated, namely; ultrasonic time, ultrasonic speed, silver nitrate(AgNO 3 ) and Cts concentrations. Characterizations of Ag-NPs were done usingPowder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UVvisibleSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Atomic ForceMicroscopy (AFM). The aim of this research is to investigate the conditions andtechniques to obtain Ag-NPs with uniform size by using ultrasonic method and toattain nanoparticles with a smaller size and with a narrower distribution. Ag-NPs wereprepared from AgNO 3 and Cts using ultrasonicator device. Firstly, Cts were dissolvedin 100 mL distilled water together with the addition of 2.0 mL acetic acid, (HAC)with continuous stirring. In the intervening time, AgNO 3 was dissolved in 20 mLdistilled water separately. After dissolving, both the solutions were mixedhomogenously and ultrasonicated. This results in the production of Ag-NPs. The mostfavourable experimental condition for the synthesis of Ag-NPs in the Cts is describedin terms of the concentrations of AgNO 3 . The mean diameters and standard deviationof Ag-NPs decreased gradually with the increase of silver ions concentration. The Ag-NPs by the physical synthetic route were synthesized in the Cts using the ultrasonicmethod in the absence of reducing agent or heat treatment. The properties of Ag/Ctswere studied as the function of ultrasonic irradiation times. Ultrasonic irradiationdisintegrated the Ag-NPs into smaller size until a relatively stable size and sizedistribution were achieved. The results from the UV-visible spectroscopy and TEMdemonstrated by increasing the ultrasonic irradiation time, it decreases the size of Ag-NPs. Upon increasing the Cts concentration, the intensity however has increasedremarkably rendering higher yields of Ag-NPs. Furthermore, it can be seen that thesmaller Ag-NPs were obtained under ultrasonic irradiation with higher amplitudebecause the SPR of Ag-NPs displays the blue shift with decreasing particle size. TheAgNO 3 and Cts were used as the silver precursor, natural and biodegradablepolymeric stabilizer respectively. The XRD analysis confirmed that thecrystallographic planes of the silver crystals were the face centered cubic (fcc) types.The UV-visible absorption spectra showed the peaks characteristic of the SPR bondsof Ag-NPs. Results shows that the ultrasonic irradiation time, ultrasonic amplitude,concentration of Cts and AgNO 3 concentration are the main effective factors informing the size and yield of Ag-NPs.60 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P46 ENZYMATIC ESTERIFICATION OF VANILLYL ESTERSAND CINNAMYL ESTERS IN DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTN.F. Hamidon, T.E. Busrah, K.Y. Wong, M.B. Abdul Rahman*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author:basya@science.upm.edu.myVanillyl ester and cinnamyl ester have a distinctive odour and are very expensive toprepare via conventional method. Both are used in perfumery as a deodorant and infood industry as a food flavor. Alternatively, green and cheaper route can beestablished via biocatalysis using enzyme in new type of green solvent. Enzymaticesterification is carried out by reacting fatty acids with alcohols using immobilisedCandida antarctica lipase (Novozym 435). The alcohols used are vanillyl alcohol andcinnamyl alcohol. Six different fatty acids are selected from C 4 -C 18 consist of butyricacid, capric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, lauric acid and oleic acid. A simple DeepEutectic Solvent (DES) comprises of mixture of a choline chloride and glycerol, ureaor acetamide was used instead of conventional solvent. Solvent mixture of DES isproduced at 3 different ratio compositions 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. Based on the result, 1:2 isselected as the best ratio to be used in reaction. The reaction is carried out at 60 o C,120-150 rpm for 24 hours duration. The reaction mixture was titrated with 0.1Msodium hydroxide (NaOH) and the yield was calculated. The ester products are firstconfirmed with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and further characterizations toreconfirm the product were carried out using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)and FT-IR. Comparing the DESs, glycerol is the most effective for this enzymereaction where the percentage conversion of the product achieved 90% for lauric andoleic. Herein, DES is a good bio-solvent for performing catalysis instead of greenchemistry and environmentally friendly.61 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P47 REDOX POLYMERISATION OFPOLY(ACRYLONITRILE/ACRYLIC ACID) CO-POLYMERS ANDITS SORPTION BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS Cu(II) AFTERMODIFICATION WITH HYDROXYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE.R. Mohamad, S.N.A Md. Jamil*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: nurul_ainjamil@yahoo.comThe synthesis of poly(acrylonitrile/acrylic acid) copolymers were carried out by redoxpolymerization using sodium bisulfate (SBS) and potassium persulphate (KPS) asfree radical initiators and deionized water as reaction medium.The polymerizationsproceeded with various monomer ratios which are 100:0, 97:3, 95:5 and 93:7respectively to obtain different porous structure. Poly(AN/AA) copolymers weremodified by hydroxylamine hydrochloride for 6 hours. The purpose of modification isto convert cyano group in poly(AN/AA) to amidoxime(AO) which was proven bycomplex-forming properties to adsorb Cu(II).The modified and unmodifiedcopolymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)and Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP) was usedto investigate Cu(II) adsorption properties in modified poly(AN/AA). As shown in theFTIR spectra of modified and unmodified poly(AN/AA), the characteristic band ofnitrile group present in the range of 2244cm -1 and C=O stretching from carboxylgroup of acrylic acid appear in the range of 1600-1700 cm -1 . For the spectra ofamidoximated poly(AN/AA), the strong band at 3600-3400 cm -1 were assigned to OHstretching.The band at 1665 cm -1 was observed due to the formation of new C=Nfuctional groups in modified poly(AN/AA) indicating the successful of surfacemodification. According to the SEM analysis, the averange particle size of themodified poly(AN/AA) is bigger as compared to the particle size of the unmodifiedpoly(AN/AA). Hence, it is proven that the surface morphology of the modifiedpoly(AN/AA) copolymers provide high porous structure,thus,enhancing adsorption ofCu(II) from aqueous solution. The adsorption properties of modified poly(AN/AA)was investigated at different parameters which are the effect of dosage amount,contact time, initial concentration and optimum experimental conditions. A maximumCu(II) removal by modified poly(AN/AA) occurred at pH 5 with 52.70 mg/g at25°C. The maximum contact time required for adsorption was 4 hours. Sorptioncapacity was also directly proportional to initial concentration of 25 ppm to 400 ppmat pH 5. Dosage amount decrease the sorption capacity from 22.67 mg/g to 4.75mg/g. The Langmuir model was much better than the Freundlich model to describethe isothermal process. The Cu(II) adsorption is more efficient by using modifiedpoly(AN/AA) copolymers at the optimum conditions.62 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P48 OXIDATION OF BENZYL ALCOHOL TOBENZALDEHYDE USING Au-Pd SUPPORTED ON TiO 2 CATALYSTN.R. Mohd Jumat, M.I. Saiman*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: izham@science.upm.edu.myOver recent years, the use of gold catalyst has been proven successful in several fieldof research. One of the most interesting finding is that this catalyst is reactive towardsoxidation reaction of alcohols to aldehydes. Commercially, oxidations of alcohols aredone by using dichromate or permanganate as the oxidant together with solventswhich is not environmental friendly due to its toxicity as well as not economical. Inthis study, the focus is on the catalytic activity and the selectivity of titania-supportedgold catalyst upon the production of benzaldehyde from benzyl alcohol at mildcondition (80-100°C) without using any solvent for environmental concern. To provethat gold catalyst is a remarkable oxidation catalyst, some evaluation has been madethroughout this study involving the effect on the reusability, reaction time, the uses ofdifferent masses, metal loading and also the effect of catalytic activity with differentpreparation methods. Gold-palladium supported on titania (Au-Pd/TiO 2 ) catalystswere prepared using two preparation methods namely sol immobilisation andimpregnation method. Meanwhile, for the catalyst testing, two types of analysis wereemployed; gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS) to detect the reactant consumption and products obtained from the catalyticreaction. For physical analysis of catalysts, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and BrunauerEmmet Teller (BET) surface area analysis were used. Throughout this investigation, itis obvious that the catalyst prepared by sol immobilisation method have shown betterconversion which is at 53.9% with highest selectivity of benzaldehyde at 92.9%;compared to the catalyst prepared by impregnation method which only have 23.3%conversion. The conversion and selectivity toward the products was found to bedependent on the metal loading and its catalytic system either it is bimetallic ormonometallic. Bimetallic Au-Pd catalyst has been proven to have higher conversionand selectivity than monometallic Au or Pd catalysts. Moreover this study has shownthat, by increasing the mass of catalyst used in the reaction, the conversion of thebenzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde increased by 5% from 53.9% (0.2g catalyst) to 58.9%(0.3g catalyst). Prolonging the reaction has linear effect to the rate of conversionwhere it reached up to 78.9% after 24 hours. This whole study has successfullyachieved its main objectives which are to perform the reaction at mild condition withaddition of less harmful oxidant by utilizing the tremendously interesting catalystwhich is gold-palladium supported on titania.63 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P49TRITERPENE DERIVATIVES FROM Aglaia species(MELIACEAE)S.Y. Yeap, N.Ismail., M.Z Azid, M.A Sukari*.Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding Author: aspollah@science.upm.edu.myAglaia is the largest genus of Meliaceae family and is well-known for pesticides andinsecticides properties. They also possess other medicinal uses such as treatment onfever, diarrhea and wounds and also reported to have potent anticancer activity.Phytochemical investigation on trunk of A. oligophylla has afforded two triterpenederivatives identified as Silvaglin A and 20S,24R-epoxy-25-hydroxy-2-methoxy-2,3-secodammarane-3-oic acid. Similarly, two compounds were isolated from the leavesof A. leucophylla known as stigmasterol and 1-hexatriacontanol. Variouschromatography techniques such as thin layer chromatography (TLC), gravity columnchromatography, vacuum column chromatography have been used to isolate thesecompounds. The structural elucidations of the pure compound were carried out usingspectroscopic methods such as UV, IR, NMR, MS and also by comparison withpublished data.64 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P50PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTSM. Syafiq , N. F. Mohamed Daud, K. Sirat*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: kamaliah@science.upm.edu.myIonic liquids have been developed to replace organic solvents due to the less toxiceffects on the environment. However, ionic liquids have the limitation of toxicityagainst human and environment and the production cost is expensive. New type ofionic liquid, that is, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been successfully discovered.These DESs have been synthesized by various reactions including the reaction ofinorganic salts/metal salts with different hydrogen bond donor at certain ratios, andthe reactions of Lewis acids and bases. These studies have concentrated on thepreparation of FeCl 3 based DESs and the DES synthesized from the reactions ofhydrogen bond donor molecules (urea, acetamide and trimethylammonium chloride)with organic acids (succinic, tartaric and oxalic acids). They are capable of selfassociation, often through hydrogen bond interaction, to form a eutectic mixture witha melting point lower than that of each individual component. Most of the eutecticcompounds have the melting point less than 100 ⁰C. The advantages of DES are thatthey are easily prepared with high purity at low cost, environmentally biodegradableand have low toxicity. FT-IR analysis shows the hydrogen donor molecules havereacted to form the eutectic compounds. The data on the physical properties such asviscosity and conductivity show that DES formed are similar to ambient temperatureof ionic liquids. It was found that the types of salt and hydrogen bond donor and themole ratio of both compounds have paramount effect on the studied properties. DESsare now having many interests of the researchers among many fields. DESs can becontributes in catalysis, dissolution and extraction process, organic synthesis, materialchemistry and electrochemistry.65 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P51 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MIXED-LIGANDTRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES CONTAINING IMIDAZOLEDERIVATIVES AND SACCHARINF.E. Abd Aziz, N. Mohd Mokhtaruddin, Thahira BSA Ravoof*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: thahira.begum@science.upm.edu.myThe starting ligand, dithiocarbazate (NH 2 NHCS 2 - ) was prepared by the reactionbetween hydrazine hydrate (NH 2 NH 2 H 2 O) and carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) with theaddition of benzyl chloride derivatives. Condensation reaction between the startingligand and aldehyde derivatives which are pyridine-2-aldehyde, 6-methylpyridine-2-aldehyde and 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde produced Schiff bases. Metal complexeswill be produced by the reaction of Schiff bases ligand with Ni (II) and Cu (II) metalions. New mixed-ligand metal complexes of general empirical formula[Ni(ONS/NNS)(bzd)], [Ni(ONS/NNS)(im)] and [Cu(NNS)(sac)] have beensynthesized and characterized by conductance, magnetic, IR and electronicspectroscopic techniques. Magnetic and spectral evidence indicate that all theparamagnetic complexes are four coordinates and have the distorted square planarstructure. The Schiff bases are coordinated to the metal ions as tridentate NNSchelates via the pyridine nitrogen atom, the azomethine nitrogen atom and the thiolatesulphur atom while ONS chelates via the phenolic oxygen, the azomethine nitrogenatom and the thiolate sulphur atom. The saccharinate anion, imidazole anion andbenzimidazole anion coordinated as a unidentate and donor ligand. All the metalcomplexes are non-electrolytes in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).66 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P52 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF SILICANANOPARTICLES BY A SOL-GEL METHOD (ACID-BASECATALYSED)S. Ismail, N.N. Samsudin, N.A. Yusof*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: azah@science.upm.edu.mySilica nanoparticles represent an interesting class of materials and they have a greatdemand to be applied in many fields, because of its high thermal and porosity,mechanical stability, physical and chemical properties. It is available in well definedsize and size distribution. Silica nanoparticles can be synthesised in ether base or acidcatalyst using sol-gel method, which tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was used as aprecursor to silicon dioxide. In the synthesis of silica nanoparticles using acid catalyst,TEOS, deionized water and ethanol were mixed together. Then, a few drops of acid(HCl, H 2 SO 4 ) was added. The mixture was allowed to form a gel. Then, the gel willundergo drying, calcinations and grinding in order to obtain silica nanoparticles.While, for base catalyst, ethanol and TEOS were mixed and after sonicating themixture was centrifuged under high speed. The product in powder form was obtainedby air drying. In addition to the above observations, the effect of temperature, pH, andconcentration and gelation time on particle size was studied. Various sized particles inthe range 116–235nm were synthesized and particle size was examined underSympatec Nanophox. The morphology and surface obtained in agreement with theresult observed for particle size of silica nanoparticle, which was measured bytransmission electron microscopy (TEM). The voltammetry technique, cyclicvoltammetry (CV) was performed to see the redox reaction of potassium ferricyanidewith different size of nanoparticles.67 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P53 VOLTAMMETRIC DETECTION OF MANGANESE(II)MEDIATED BY GRAPHENE OXIDE AND Fe°/MULTI-WALLEDCARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITE MODIFIED GLASSY CARBONELECTRODEW.S.A.Wan Ahlim, S.Z. Syed Ramli, W.T. Tan*, H.N.LimDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author:wttan@science.upm.edu.myThe reduction of Mn(II) ion in solution were studied at a graphene oxide modifiedglassy carbon electrode (GO/GCE) and nano Fe°/MWCNT modified GCE usingcyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and chronocoulometry (CC). Theglassy carbon electrode was modified by mechanically attaching graphene oxide andnano Fe°/MWCNT at the surface of GCE. Electrode response at both GO/GCE andnano Fe°/MWCNT/GCE modified electrode and unmodified glassy carbon electrodewere obtained for the reduction of Mn (II). The current enhancement shows a value of2.4 times at the graphene modified electrode and 2.0 times for the nano Fe°/MWCNTmodified electrode. At +807 mV vs Ag/AgCl, the reduction peak of Mn (II) appearedlower with peak shift positively when grapheme oxide modified electrode was used ascompared with that of bare GCE. Meanwhile, at -0.5 mVvs Ag/AgCl, the reductionpeak of Mn (II) decreased with peak shifting when Fe°/MWCNT modified GCEelectrode were used. The chemical and physical conditions including supportingelectrolyte, pH, concentration of Mn (II) and scan rate for maximum enhancement atthe modified solid electrodes were optimized.68 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P54PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OFBISMUTH-LEAD OXIDE SYSTEMN.S. Mohamed Sohaimi , Y.P. Tan*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author : yptan@science.upm.edu.myBismuth oxide systems exhibit high oxide ion conductivity and have been proposed asgood electrolyte materials for applications such as solid oxide fuel cells and oxygensensor. However, they are not stable due to low partial pressure of oxygen and hence,there are some difficulties to be used as electrolytes to conduct electricity. Bismuthoxide can be stabilized with various metals. In this study, bismuth-lead oxide systemwith general formula of Bi 2-2x Pb x O 3-2x were prepared using the conventional solidstate method. XRD results showed that mixed phase were observed at ratio x=0.10,0.12 and 0.16 .A single phase was obtained for x=0.143 at 625K. Therefore, the ratioof x=0.143 were determined to be the best mole composition with producing singlephase parent compound Bi 12 PbO 19 .As a result, Bi 12 PbO 19 has with body centre cubic(BCC) crystal system with space group I23 (T 3 ).This single phase compound servedas the parent compound and was modified by doping with other metals to obtainhigher conductivity and better electrical properties. The samples had beencharacterized using FT-IR, TGA and AC impedance spectroscopy. The structuralanalysis that was carried out using fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR)was in the range of 400-4000 cm -1 .Vibration of Bi-Pb bond was observed in the rangeof 400-1000cm -1 .69 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P55 POTENTIOSTATIC ELECTRODEPOSITION ANDCHARACTERISATION OF METAL CHALCOGENIDES THINFILMSZ. Zainal a,b, ∗ , J.W.T. Lim a , N.F Mohd Hata a , N.H. Yusof aa Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysiab Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of AdvancedTechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia∗ Corresponding author: zulkar@science.upm.edu.myMetal chalcogenides have received tremendous attention due to their vast applicationsin sensors, laser materials, polarizers and semiconductors. In this study, nickelsulphide (Ni 3 S 2 ) and cobalt sulphide (CoS) were potentiostatically electrodepositedonto titanium substrates while copper sulphide (Cu 2 S) was deposited onto ITO glassusing the same technique. Being one of the oldest methods, electrodeposition emergedto be an important and promising technology in producing or fabricating economicaland productive solar cells. The deposition process was carried out in a three-electrodecell system which consists of Ag/AgCl and platinum as reference and counterelectrodes, respectively. It was found that the presence of sodium tartrate and EDTAas complexing agents displays noteworthy improvement in the growth rate of thedeposited Ni 3 S 2 , CoS and Cu 2 S and leads to uniformity of the thin film formation. Thedeposited films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine thephase formation, linear sweep photovoltammetry (LSPV) to evaluate the photoactivityof the prepared thin films and UV-visible spectroscopy to obtain their band gapenergy values. Optimization parameters involving concentration of the electrolytes,bath temperature, deposition time and annealing temperature were conducted. 0.02MNiSO 4 and 0.01M Na 2 SO 3 with potential -0.95V was discovered to have deposition ofNi 3 S 2 which showed highest photoactivity. For CoS, deposition with 0.5M CoSO 4 and0.10M Na 2 S 2 O 3 at -0.80V for 30 minutes was performed to obtain grey CoS thin film.Meanwhile, potential with -0.65V was used for successful deposition of Cu 2 S withconcentration of 0.02M CuSO 4 and 0.001M Na 2 SO 3 .70 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P56 COARSE-GRAINED MOLECULAR DYNAMICS OF THESELF-AGGREGATION OF DLPC, DMPC, DPPC, and DSPC INWATERU.V. Gunasakaran, N.S. Shaari, R.A. Karjiban*, M. BasriDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding Author: rosa.abedi@gmail.comPhosphatidylcholines (PC) are common classes of lipids which show an importantrole in membrane-mediated cell signalling and membrane protein function. Lipidmolecules illustrate a rich phase behavior in water including micelles, rod-likestructures, and bilayers. These molecules can function as a surfactant due to theiramphiphilic properties. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) is a molecularsimulation method that can create a simple model of physical system with less atomicdetails while it preserves the critical features of the molecules under study. Fourphosphatidylcholine (PC) including 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(DSPC), 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-Dimyristoyl-snglycero-3-phosphocholine(DMPC), and 1,2-Dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(DLPC) were selected and a mixture of these molecules was preparedas an initial configuration for CG-MD simulation in GROMACS. CG-MD was carriedout for 500 ns at 298 K and the micelle-like behaviour of the aggregated structure wasinvestigated. Our simulation produced a bilayer structure with a thickness of 39.36 Å.The value of thickness for the simulated model mixture was higher than that thethickness of individual DMPC and DSPC molecules. As known, the thickness of lipidbilayer would strongly affect the biophysical properties of transmembrane proteins,especially to understand the lipid role in the modulation of membrane protein activity.71 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P57SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND DNA BINDINGACTIVITY OF A POTENTIAL DNA INTERCALATORY.Abd Razak, H.Ahmad*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: haslina_ahmad@science.upm.edu.myA novel complex, [Ru(dppz) 2 (p-MOPIP)] 2+ (dppz=dipyrido-[3,2-a:20,30-c]phenazine, p-MOPIP =2-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline)has been synthesized and characterized by Elemental analysis, 1 H NMR spectroscopy,Mass spectrometry, and FT-IR analysis, UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy.Herein, we modified the complex by adding p-MOPIP as intercalating ligand anddppz as an ancillary ligand. The DNA binding properties of the complex with calfthymus-DNA were investigated by using spectroscopic methods. Bands at 460, 358and 281 nm were correspond to the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT),intraligand (IL) π-π* transition of p-MOPIP ligand and dppz respectively in UV-Visspectra. The intrinsic binding constant, K b for this complex is 1.67 x 10 6 M -1 and itssuggested that the complex, [Ru(dppz) 2 (p-MOPIP)] 2+ binds to DNA via intercalativemode. Interestingly, the reaction of complex with CT-DNA also gives the ‘lightswitch’ effect. The effects of intercalating and ancillary ligand on DNA bindingactivity are also discussed.72 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P58 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF SCHIFFBASES DERIVED FROM S-2-METHYLBENZYLDITHIOCARBAZATE AND ITS METALCOMPLEXESY.J. Chan, M. H. Sazali, N.H. Hanan, S. Hatta, M. Ibrahim M. Tahir*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: ibra@upm.edu.mySchiff base is an imine, RCH=NR’, which is formed by the reaction of an aldehyde ora ketone with a primary amine, RNH 2 in a slightly acidic condition. New Schiff baseswere synthesized through the condensation of S-2-methylbenzyldithiocarbazate,S2MBDTC with 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, chalcone, 4-4-acetoxyphenyl-2-butanone andacetophenone. Reaction of these Schiff bases with zinc acetate dihydrate producedmetal complexes with proposed empirical formula [M(SB) 2 ] (SB = Schiff bases, M =Zn 2+ ). The synthesized Schiff bases were found to coordinate to the zinc (II) ionthrough its azomethine nitrogen and thiolo sulphur. All of the synthesized compoundswere characterized by a variety of physicochemical and spectroscopic techniquesincluding elemental analyses, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibilitymeasurement, infrared spectroscopy, 1 H and 13 C NMR and mass spectra. IR spectrashowed that Schiff base coordinated to the zinc (II) ion through azomethine nitrogenand thiolo sulphur. The bidentate coordination of Schiff bases to zinc (II) ion wereconfirmed by ICP-AES analysis which show metal to ligand ratio at 1:2. Molarconductivity measurement indicates that the metal complexes were non-electrolyte insolvent DMSO.73 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P59 SYNTHESIS OF 2,4,6-TRIHYDROXY-3-GERANYLACETOPHENONE ANALOGUESY. Dollah, F. Sulaiman,R. Mohd Khairi, K. Shaari*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author:khozirah@science.upm.edu.myAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disorders. Bioassay guided investigation showedthat 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranylacetophenone (tHGA) is the bioactive compound totreat asthma. In this study, three tHGA analogues have been synthesized by using twostep synthesis. The first steps reaction is Friedel-Craft Acylation reaction whichinvolves the reaction between phloroglucinol and butyryl chloride to formintermediates.The second steps reaction is Friedel-Craft Alkylation where the sameintermediates from step 1 was reacted with 3 different alkyl halide groups which aregeranyl bromide,1-bromo-2-methylpropane and 3-3 dimethyallylbromide. In thissynthesis, the process started with reflux process, then the mixture of compounds wasisolated by using column chromatography. The purity of compounds was determinedby using Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC).The compounds were characterized byusing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR) and Direct Insertion MassSpectrometry(DIMS).The percentage yields obtained for analogue 1 is 35.81%,foranalogue 2 is 28.86% and for analogue 3 is 9.61%.As a conclusion, through theacylation and alkylation reaction, three tHGA analogues have been synthesized.Thereaction for long chains of alkyl halide groups are easier to reacts with intermediatescompared to the short chains. The reaction conditions need to be altered whetherlonger reflux time, increase in the reaction temperature or use the more reactivecatalyst in order to improve the efficiency of reaction. For further study, the tHGAanalogues was tested in bioassay guided investigation.74 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

P60 STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CONDUCTINGNANOCELLULOSE-POLYPYRROLE COMPOSITESZ. ZainalAbidin, N. Abu Bakar, M. M. Abdi*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCorresponding author: mahnaz@science.upm.edu.myThe purpose of this project is to study the structure and properties of Polypyrrole–Cellulose Nanowhiskers (PPy-CNW) composites. The composite was prepared usingchemical polymerization method in different concentration of CelluloseNanowhiskers. Structural analysis of composites was carried out by FTIR and XRD.The IR spectrum showed characteristic peak of the Polypyrrole and CelluloseNanowhiskers. Electrical conductivity measurement revealed that the conductivityof the composite greatly depends on pyrrole concentration.The addition ofCellulose Nanowhiskers was believed to improve the thermal stability of the materialand TGA was used for this investigation. Crystallinity of the composites wasinvestigated using X-ray diffraction studies and the X-ray diffraction patterns of thenanocomposites showed three peaks at 14.8, 16.3, and 22.6° for (110), (110), and(200) planes that are characteristic for cellulose I crystal. Characterization ofmorphologies of Polypyrrole–Cellulose Nanowhiskersby Field Emission ScanningElectron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)supported the evidence for the development of nanostructure for all composites.SEMstudy revealed an open, highly porous, structure of intertwined PPy coated cellulosenanofibers,75 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

AcknowledgementsWe would like to acknowledge some of the Professors in theDepartment of Chemistry who contributed generously for SKIXVIWe would also like to thank:• Megwena Synergy Supply• Evergreen Engineering and Resources• Laboratory & Scientific Enterprise• Sinar Wawasan Enterprisefor their contributions.Thank you also for the contributions from:No. 9-1-1B, Jalan Medan PB2AMedan Pusat Bandar43650 Bandar Baru BangiSelangortel : 03-8925 1998faks : 03-8925 196076 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

SKI XVI Committee Photo77 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future

Notes78 |16 th Industrial Chemistry Seminar: Chemistry- A Passport to a Brighter Future