2.2. Human, Gender and Environmental Security (HUGE)Level ofexpansionDeterminationWhichsecurity?Mode of expansionReference objectSecurity ofwhom?Value at riskSecurity of what?Source(s) of threatSecurity fromwhom or what?WithoutexpansionNational security(political, militarydimension)The StateSovereignty, territorialintegrityOther States, terrorism,sub-state actors, guerrillaIncreasedSocietal securityNations, socialgroupsNational Unity, nationalidentity(States), Nations,Migrants, Alien culturesRadicalHuman securityIndividuals(Humankind)Survival, quality of life,cultural integrityThe State, globalization,nature, GEC, poverty,fundamentalismUltra-radicalEnvironmentalSecurityEcosystem,urban andagriculturalsystemSustainabilityNature HumankindTrans-radicalGender securityGender relations,indigenous,minoritiesEquity, identity, socialrelationsPatriarchy, totalitarianinstitutions (élites,governments, religions,culture), intoleranceSource: Bjørn Møller, 2003:279 and Úrsula Oswald, 2001, 2004
2. 3.Inequality for WomenWomen in the World50.3%67% 68% 36% 41% 70%12%113%IlliterateAdults1 billionWithout Accessto Basic School300 millionWith Accessto SecundarySchool% of Womeninfected byHVI/AIDS ofall InfectedExtremePovertyRepresentationinParlamentCharge of Daily Workfor Women inDevelopingCountries(% of Work of Men)Source: UNIFEM, 2000 and UNAIDS, 200090% of all Maternal Deads ocurs in Developing Countries: (500,000 deads/year)