A LANDOWNER’S GUIDE TO SELLING STANDING TIMBERAppendix 2:O<strong>the</strong>r Forest ValuesLandowners must be aware of non-timber values in <strong>the</strong>irwoodlands when determining property objectives. These valuesshould be identified during <strong>the</strong> inven<strong>to</strong>ry and may include:s Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI) —contact your local Ministry of Natural Resources office<strong>to</strong> find out about ANSIs in your area.sOld-growth characteristics of a forest, such assupercanopy 10 white pine, oak or maple trees.sA woodland’s importance as an area of groundwaterrecharge. In <strong>the</strong> water cycle, <strong>the</strong> portion of water fromrainfall or spring melt that doesn’t run off, or isn’t takenup by plants, will move downward through <strong>the</strong>unsaturated zone. When infiltrating water reaches <strong>the</strong>water table, it becomes groundwater recharge. Rechargereplenishes water in aquifers or is discharged in springs,streams, lakes, or wetlands. Any flooding tends <strong>to</strong> belocalized, with impacts lessened downstream.ssMaple syrup production possibilities.Forest recreation.Some of <strong>the</strong>se values may be present now, or <strong>the</strong>y may beenhanced through management. They should be inven<strong>to</strong>riedand mapped. If you decide <strong>to</strong> hire a consultant <strong>to</strong> assist youwith woodland inven<strong>to</strong>ry and with developing a prescription,you should explain what you hope <strong>to</strong> achieve.sssWildlife habitat features – for example, cavity trees, sticknests for hawks or owls, or conifer thickets used by deer.Mast 9 trees are extremely important for wildlife such asdeer, turkeys, bears, and squirrels that require a highproteindiet <strong>to</strong> build up energy reserves for <strong>the</strong> winter.Oak, for example, can produce from 20 <strong>to</strong> severalhundred kilograms of high-protein mast per hectare,depending on <strong>the</strong> number of trees present and <strong>the</strong>seed crop in a certain year.Natural protection for sensitive areas, such as erodableareas, headwater streams, springs, provinciallysignificant wetlands and o<strong>the</strong>r wetlands, andsteep slopes.Multiple-use ManagementIn most cases, landowners can manage for more than onevalue, even in small woodlots. Examples of compatible,multiple-use management include:sRetaining hard maple trees of low potential for sawlogmaterial for maple syrup production. These may beo<strong>the</strong>rwise healthy or large-crowned hard maple trees(potentially high sap producers) on <strong>the</strong> edge of <strong>the</strong>woodlot. These fringe trees will also act as a buffer forheat and drying winds and help maintain <strong>the</strong> health ofyour woodlot.9Mast – The fruit and nuts of trees and shrubs (e.g. acorns, beechnuts, cherries) used by wildlife as a food source.10Supercanopy – The crown of a living tree that extends up beyond <strong>the</strong> main canopy of a forest stand.42
sA LANDOWNER’S GUIDE TO SELLING STANDING TIMBERRetaining five or six cavity trees per hectare for wildlife(for feeding, nesting and escape). See Tables #6 and#7. Note: Some cavity trees may have structuraldefects. The entire tree may be dead or dying and havelarge dead limbs. Any branches that are close <strong>to</strong> trailsor that present safety hazards should be cut.lay out trails for harvesting activities. Concerns youhave about <strong>the</strong> trail condition after harvest should becovered in your contract and unders<strong>to</strong>od in advance by<strong>the</strong> logger.APPENDIX 2ssssssAllowing decaying logs and some large branches <strong>to</strong>decompose where <strong>the</strong>y have fallen <strong>to</strong> maintain forestbiodiversity. 11 They provide habitat for small mammals,salamanders, snakes, insects and fungi, and returnnutrients <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> soil; seedbeds for sometrees such as hemlock and yellow birch arealso created.Retaining large, supercanopy white pine. These maycontribute more <strong>to</strong> your property value for aes<strong>the</strong>ticreasons than <strong>the</strong>y would as harvest income.Seeking advice on harvesting trees near active hawk nests.Logging sensitive areas with horses in dry seasons orduring <strong>the</strong> winter.Managing <strong>the</strong> best trees for <strong>the</strong> production of veneer orhigh-quality sawlogs. Parts of your woodlot may behighly productive; o<strong>the</strong>r areas are not. You may decide<strong>to</strong> manage each area for separate objectives (logs andveneer in one part, maple syrup in ano<strong>the</strong>r).Planning your recreational trails and allowing access forfuelwood harvest or maple syrup production when you11Biodiversity (biological diversity) – The variety and variability among living organisms and ecosystems. Ecosystems with a high level of biodiversityare more stable and support a greater number of life forms.43