Chapter I - RDU - Universidad Nacional de CÃ³rdoba

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36qtd. in Allen 37) Here, Shelley transmits the idea of the pride to belong to a country likeEngland, a nation with “mastery over the natural world and over its own special destinyamong other nations.” (Shelley qtd. in Allen 38) Allen argues that: “This protoimperialisticrhetoric is hardly Mary Shelley’s own invention: the sentence’s referenceis to a discourse very much part of the nineteenth century English culture and society.”(Allen 38) Therefore, we see how the social and cultural environment has shaped, hasentered the text without the writer even being aware of it. Shelley is just part of thatwhole and the “inside” of her novel overlaps automatically with its “outside”. WhenGraham Allen considers Kristeva’s concepts about ideologeme, he asserts that in orderto grasp some kind of meaning in a text we will always have to consider both, the insideand the outside of it. (cf. Allen 37)The term ideologeme stems from the acceptance and recognition that words aresubject to immense social conflict and tension both of which will necessarily show inany produced text. It will be useful to quote Kristeva’s own assertion:The ideologme of a text is the focus where knowing rationality grasps thetransformation of utterances (to which the text is irreducible) into a totality (the text) aswell as the insertions of this totality into the historical and social text. (Kristeva qtd inAllen 37)To sum up, the term intertextuality reminds us that “all texts are potentiallyplural, open to the readers’ own presuppositions, lacking in clear boundaries and alwaysinvolved in expressing or repressing the dialogic voices which exist within society. It isa term which refers to the impossiblity of singularity, unity and thus of unquestionableauthority...” (Allen 209)I would like to finish this section with the following words spoken by UmbertoEco’s Adso in The Name of the Rose (1980):Until then, I had thought each book spoke of the things, human or divine, that lieoutside of books. Now, I realized that not infrequently books speak of books: it is as ifthey spoke among themselves. In the light of this reflection, the library seemed all themore disturbing to me. It was then the place of a long, centuries-old murmuring, animperceptible dialogue between one parchment and another, a living thing, a receptacleof powers not to be ruled by the human mind, a treasure of secrets emanated by manyminds, surviving the death of those who had produced them or had been theirconveyors. (Eco qtd in Allen 198)
37CHAPTER 2. The historical novel and intertextuality in the novels2.1 Pat Barker interrogates history and its actors“For a novelist, a given historical situation is an anthropological laboratory inwhich he explores his basic question: What is human existence?” (Milan Kundera vii)In her trilogy, Pat Barker embarks herself and her readers in the re-creation of hercountry’s history and while doing it, she certainly explores that basic question Kunderaasks. She sets on a journey that will partially answer it guided by the effort on her partof “looking straight at the world” which is in her own words “part of your duty as awriter.” (Critical Perspectives on Pat Barker 155)In this chapter, first I will focus on the reasons for writing the trilogy and thespirit that prevails in it; then, I will outline the aspects of the novels that will help me
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Page 3 and 4: 3CHAPTER 1. Theoretical considerati
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Page 11 and 12: 11The following lines from What The
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Page 62 and 63: 62CHAPTER 3. The broken hero3.1 Bil
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Page 66 and 67: 66says Dr. Yealland, another real c
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86‘I love you Sarah Lumb.’‘I
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88In order to do this analysis, let
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92Spiegel: So there is no such thin
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94these motives clashed with other
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96Let us go back to Prior now. I wi
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98part of life which has to be reco
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100problematic and multifaceted cha
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102Nothing stopped him from humilia
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106incompetence of officers, the di
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108Modernism, (...) particularly it
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110intellectual honesty to be able
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112history is a continuum of which
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114Amorós, Andrés. Introducción
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116Grützmacher, Lukasz. “Las tra
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118Spargo, Tamsin (ed). Reading the
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Chapter I - RDU - Universidad Nacional de CÃ³rdoba

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