14. starptautiskā konference 2012 - Latvijas Jūras akadēmija

Proceedings of 14th International conference „Maritime Transport and Infrastructure - 2012”Indirect costs will occur if during the lifetime of a structure it is partly or totally out of use dueto lack of quality, poor inspection or maintenance, excessive damage due to impact forces caused byuse or mother nature. Such periods of non-usage could result in loss of benefits / income or damage toequipment and could even lead to claims from third parties. Other indirect costs associated with shortorlong-term downtime can include associated downtime of industrial facilities depending on the port,or permanent loss of customers to other ports. The above direct and indirect costs or financial risks canand will be faced at any time during the lifetime of the structure.Considering maintenance generally distinction is made between preventative and correctivemaintenance. Preventative maintenance will normally be carried out on a regular programmed cycle,with each year’s program being similar to the previous. Examples would include drain cleaning,repainting of metal structures, fender maintenance etc. In spite of the routine maintenance program,defects may occur and be of such nature that e.g. loss of loading capacity, collapse, or loss of safetyhas to be prevented.Traditionally it has been difficult to quantify maintenance costs for future years, possibly foras long as 25 years in advance. In many cases, the lifetime cost of maintaining the infrastructure, willbe a percentage in the order of 10-25% of the original investment.Technical inspection of port structures is a main part of theirs maintenance program and theonly way to predict collapse of structures due to all reasons caused by enironmental factors such asmaterial deterioration and to possible mistakes done during designing and construction phases.Technical personnel are usually responsible for appropriate maintenance of port structures.But, in fact, underwater part of structures is not easily accesible for inspections. In a very few casesports have an own diving group or technical personnel educated for diving works and some outsideorganisations with diving facilities have to be involved in maintenance process for execution ofunderwater inspections.Effective maintenance management typically involves a team approach. A designatedmaintenance manager is usually assigned to oversee the program. The oversight role involvesscheduling and prioritizing of activities and generating required reports to management and otherstakeholders.In addition to the manager, the maintenance management team typically involves engineeringinspection and design staff. Often these are the same individuals. The inspectors collect the requiredinformation in the field and produce subsequent reports while the designers prepare plans andspecifications for repair of facilities.Inspectability - Important Characteristic of Port StructuresThe ability to inspect a structure easily and efficiently, either on a periodic basis or as theresult of an extreme event, promotes the inspectability of the structure. Examples of typicalinspectability include:• Avoiding the use of buried elements such as anchorages in bulkhead walls. The structuralcapability of such elements may be very difficult to assess• Building in to the structure monitoring instruments to enable this activity to be continuousor intermittent but on a regular basis• Including a gap at the top of the back row of piles in a pile supported marginal quay suchthat inspectors can gain visual access to the most vulnerable area of these piles• Avoiding the sitting of structural members near to the waterline such that access for asmall boat to the underside of the structure is blocked• Ensuring generous pile spacing to enable an inspection boat to gain access beneath theupper structure of the quay• Promoting ease of access for inspection of structures for security checks• Ensuring the design can easily accommodate a special inspection vehicle for remotesections of the structure.• Where unavoidable promote the ease of use of inspection by divers or Remotely OperatedVehicles (ROV)41