Koolkes Sdn Bhd: <strong>How</strong> <strong>Cool</strong> <strong>Can</strong> the <strong>Fridge</strong> Be?be away from the customer area in the hypermarkets or supermarkets. Selfcontaineddisplay cases were largely used in mini markets, convenience storesand specialty stores. Heat generated from the condensing units of these cases waslower because the condensing units consumed lower energy.A Koolkes technician had said that,“<strong>The</strong> manufacturing of refrigerated display cases usingthe remote condensing system also require a large capitalinvestment. On the other hand, the self-contained chiller casescould be manufactured locally at a very low cost. <strong>The</strong> blowerfan, cooling coil and insulated chassis can be made or sourcedlocally. Only the heated glass doors would have to be importedfrom Taiwan. <strong>The</strong> condensing unit can be fitted with locally madeparts and the refrigeration unit (compressor) can be importedfrom Taiwan. <strong>The</strong>se self- contained chiller cases had a veryhuge market in Malaysia for the mini markets and conveniencestores. With a cheaper price from local manufacturers, it wasnow possible to have a sizeable volume of sales as it was mademore affordable for customers.”PRICE FACTORS<strong>The</strong> prices varied greatly from year to year due to the changing exchange rates offoreign currency as most of the refrigerated showcase equipments’ suppliers camefrom Europe, Japan and America. In the early 90’s, the value of Yen and U.S.Dollar appreciated, thus increasing the cost for display showcases equipmentsfrom Japan and America. At the same time, the value for European currencieswere much lower, thus making their products more competitive. It was duringthis time that the European manufacturers, such as Bonnet Neve, Linde, Arneg,Croisbanc and others, were able to break into the Malaysian market which wasonce dominated by Japanese and American brands.In most cases, the price of the equipment was the deciding factor for a deal tobe concluded by local supermarket operators. <strong>How</strong>ever, Japanese-owned storessuch as Jaya Jusco, Sogo, Isetan and Yaohan preferred Japanese-made showcasesregardless of the cost of equipment. As for the European operators, like Carrefourand Makro, they preferred European design showcases mainly because of thehypermarket specifications which only European manufacturers could satisfy.<strong>The</strong> recent currency exchange rate instability had affected the cost of theimported showcases to a great extent.“Now, because of the high exchange rates, the refrigerationequipment costs even more and this make it even harder for153
Asian Journal of Case Research (AJCR)KoolKes to sell!” Mr. P. K. Gong grumbled to Mr. S. P. Hanupon checking the exchange rates with his banker.In July 2003, the exchange rates of Ringgit to U. S. dollar were 2.5, Ringgitto Sterling Pound 3.2 and Ringgit to Yen were 2.10 ( Per 100yen) but these hadincreased to 4.2, 6.8 and 3.0 respectively.<strong>The</strong> market prices for the various refrigerated display showcases importedinto the country are shown in table 1.Table 1 Market PriceType Size Price (RM)Multi deck Chiller/ FreezerDisplay Showcase8’12’Island Freezer Display Showcase 4’8’12’Service Counter Display Showcase 8’12’Self contained Chiller Case (with heated glass Doors)2’ (1 door)4’ (2 door)6’ (3 door)21, 000 – 23, 00026, 000 – 28, 00012, 000 – 16, 00018, 000 – 22, 00025, 000 – 28, 00018, 000 – 22, 00024, 000 – 26, 0004, 5006, 0007’ 000N.B.: <strong>The</strong> current market price of the cases in Table 1 had increased by approximately 60% of theprices listed above. This was because in addition to the currency depreciation of about 40%, there wasalso an increase in freight and insurance costs which were quoted in U.S. Dollar and thus increase theduties payable for imported goods.Installation per foot-run copper piping, insulation and wiring would costabout RM 220 per foot-run. Electrical control panels depending on the numberof showcases and refrigeration system (number of compressors) could cost fromRM 30, 000 to RM 120, 000.This would bring about less than RM 5, 000 for the sale of a simple equipmentfor small outlets to a few million ringgit for big projects involving hypermarketsor supermarkets.MANAGEMENT AND PERSONNELKoolKes’s organization started expanding since the company’s establishmentwhen it only comprised of four employees; a technician, an apprentice and twoclerks. By May 22 1998, the company had twelve employees. <strong>The</strong> organizationalstructure of the company is given below in Figure 1.154