Literature review on microbiology of aggregates or... - Baltic Marine ...

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42Hietanen Meri No. 37:37-44, 1998Physical aspects of aggregation, disaggregation and aggregate loss from the water column seem to bequite well described. Our understanding of biological processes in aggregates however remains incomplete.In order to estimate the contribution of aggregate-associated processes to those of free-living organisms,we need to focus on developing methods to measure the key processes in aggregates. The highmetabolical rates detected so far in aggregates indicate that their role in the water column might be fargreater than expected from their brief appearances.REFERENCESAlldredge, A.L. & Cohen, Y. 1987: Can microscale chemical patches persist in the sea? Microelectrode studyof marine snow and fecal pellets. - Science 235: 689-691.Alldredge, A., Cole, J.J. & Caron, D.A. 1986: Production of heterotrophic bacteria inhabiting macroscopicorganic aggregates (marine snow) from surface waters. - Limnol. Oceanogr. 31: 68-78.Alldredge, A.L. & Gotschalk, C.C. 1989: Direct observations of the mass flocculation of diatom blooms:characteristics, settling velocities and formation of diatom aggregates. - Deep-Sea. Res. 36: 159-171.Alldredge, A.L. & Gotschalk, C.C. 1990: The relative contribution of marine snow of different origins tobiological processes in coastal waters. - Cont. Shelf Res. 10: 41-58.Alldredge, A.L., Granata, T.C., Gotschalk, C.C. & Dickey, T.D. 1990: The physical strength of marine snowand its implications for particle disaggregation in the ocean. - Limnol. Oceanogr. 35: 1415-1428.Alldredge, A.L. & Jackson, G.A. 1995: Aggregation in marine systems. - Deep-Sea Res. 42: 1-7.Alldredge, A.L., Passow, U. & Logan, B.E. 1993: The abundance and significance of a class of large, transparentorganic particles in the ocean. - Deep-Sea Res. II. 40, 1131-1140.Alldredge, A.L. & Silver, M.W. 1988: Characteristics, dynamics and significance of marine snow. - Prog.Oceanog. 20: 41-82.Alldredge, A.L. & Youngbluth, M.J. 1985: The significance of macroscopic aggregates (marine snow) as sitesfor heterotrophic bacterial production in the mesopelagic zone of the subtropical Atlantic.- Deep-Sea Res. 32: 1445-1456.de Beer, D., Schramm, A., Santegoeds, C.M. & Nielsen, H.K. 1997: Anaerobic processes in activated sludge.- Proceedings of Second International Conference on Microorganisms in activated sludge and biofilmprocesses: 783-786.Bianchi, M., Marty, D., Teyssié, J.-L. & Fowler, S.W. 1992: Strictly aerobic and anaerobic bacteria associatedwith sinking particulate matter and zooplankton fecal pellets. - Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 88: 55-60.Biddanda, B.A. 1985: Microbial synthesis of macroparticulate matter. - Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 20: 241-251.Biddanda, B.A. & Pomeroy, L.R. 1988: Microbial aggregation and degradation of phytoplankton-deriveddetritus in seawater. I. Microbial succession. - Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 42: 79-88.Caldwell, D.E. & Caldwell, S.J. 1978: A Zoogloea sp. associated with blooms of Anabaena flos-aquae.- Can. J. Microbiol. 24: 922-931.Caron, D.A., Davis, G.D., Madin, L.P. & Sieburth, J. McN. 1982: Heterotrophic bacteria and bacterivorousprotozoa in oceanic macroaggregates. - Science 218: 795-797.Caron, D.A., Davis, G.D., Madin, L.P. & Sieburth, J. McN. 1986: Enrichment of microbial populations inmacroaggregates (marine snow) from surface waters of the North Atlantic. - J. Mar. Res. 44: 543-565.Carson, R. 1951: The Sea Around Us. - Oxford University Press, 230 pp.DeLong, E.F. , Franks, D.G. & Alldredge, A.L. 1993: Phylogenetic diversity of aggregate-attached vs. freelivingmarine bacterial assemblages. - Limnol. Oceanogr. 38: 924-934.Estep, M.L.F. & Vigg, S. 1985: Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope tracers of trophic dynamics in naturalpopulations and fisheries of the Lahontan Lake System, Nevada. - Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 42: 1712-1719.Fowler, S.W. & Knauer, G.A. 1986: Role of large particles in the transport of elements and organic compoundsthrough the oceanic water column. - Prog. Oceanog. 16: 147-194.Gotschalk, C.C. & Alldredge, A.L. 1989: Enhanced primary production and nutrient regeneration withinaggregated marine diatoms. - Mar. Biol. 103: 119-129.Grossart, H-P., Berman, T., Simon, M. & Pohlmann, K. 1998: Occurrence and microbial dynamics of macroscopicorganic aggregates (lake snow) in Lake Kinneret, Israel, in fall. - Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 14: 59-67.
<strong>Literature</strong> <strong>review</strong> on microbiology of aggregates originating from phytoplankton blooms 43Haney, J.F. 1987: Field studies of zooplankton - cyanobacteria interactions. - NZ J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 21:467-475.Harvey, R.W. & Young, Y. 1980: Enumeration of particle-bound and unattached respiring bacteria in the saltmarsh environment. - Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40: 156-160.Heiskanen, A.-S. & Kononen, K. 1994: Sedimentation of vernal and late summer phytoplankton communitiesin the coastal Baltic Sea. - Arch. Hydrobiol. 131: 175-198.Herndl, G.J. 1988: Ecology of amorphous aggregations (marine snow) in the Northern Adriatic Sea. II. Microbialdensity and activity in marine snow and its implication to overall pelagic processes. - Mar. Ecol.Prog. Ser. 48: 265-275.Hoppe, H.-G. 1981: Blue-green algae agglomeration in surface water: a microbiotope of high bacterial activity.- Kieler Meeresforsch., Sonderh. 5: 291-303.Hoppe, H.-G., Kim, S.J. & Gocke, K. 1988: Microbial decomposition in aquatic environments: combinedprocess of extracellular enzyme activity and substrate uptake. - Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54: 784-790.Iriberri, J., Unanue, M., Barcina, I. & Egea, L. 1987: Seasonal variation in population density and heterotrophicactivity of attached and free-living bacteria in coastal waters. - Appl. Environ. Microbiol.53: 2308-2314.Jackson, G. 1990: A model for the formation of marine algal flocs by physical coagulation processes.- Deep-Sea Res. 37: 1197-1211.Jackson, G. 1994: Particle trajectories in a rotating cylinder: implications for aggregation incubations.- Deep-Sea Res. 41: 429-437.Kaltenböck, E. & Herndl, G.J. 1992: Ecology of amorphous aggregations (marine snow) in the NorthernAdriatic Sea. IV. Dissolved nutrients and the autotrophic community associated with marine snow.- Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 87: 147-159.Kankaanpää, H., Korhonen, M., Heiskanen, A.-M. & Suortti, A.-M. 1997: Seasonal sedimentationof organicmatter and contaminants in the Gulf of Finland. - Boreal Env. Res. 2: 257-274.Karner, M. & Herndl, G.J. 1992: Extracellular enzymatic activity and secondary production in free-living andmarine-snow-associated bacteria. - Mar. Biol. 113: 341-347.Kirchman, D. 1983: The production of bacteria attached to particles suspended in a freshwater pond. - Limnol.Oceanogr. 28: 858-872.Kirchman, D. & Mitchell, R. 1982: Contribution of particle-bound bacteria to total microheterotrophic activityin five ponds and two marshes. - Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43: 200-209.Kiørboe, T., Lundsgaard, C., Olesen, M. & Hansen, J.L.S. 1994: Aggregation and sedimentation processesduring a spring phytoplankton bloom: a field experiment to test coagulation theory. - J. Mar. Res. 52:297-323.Kuparinen, J., Leonardsson, K., Mattila, J. & Wikner, J. 1996: Food web structure and function in the Gulf ofBothnia, the Baltic Sea. - AMBIO Special report 8: 13-21.Lampitt, R.S. , Wishner, K.F., Turley, C.M. & Angel, M.V. 1993: Marine snow studies in the Northeast AtlanticOcean: distribution, composition and role as a food source for migrating plankton. - Mar. Biol.116: 689-702.Leppänen, J.-M. 1988: Cycling of organic matter during the vernal growth period in the open northern BalticProper. VI. Sinking of particulate matter. - Finnish Mar. Res. 255: 97-118.Leppänen, J.-M. & Kononen, K. 1988: Cycling of organic matter during the vernal growth period in the opennorthern Baltic Proper. III. Phytoplankton composition and estimation of loss rates of phytoplanktonproduction. - Finnish Mar. Res. 255: 37-54.Logan, B.E. & Alldredge, A.L. 1989: Potential for increased nutrient uptake by flocculating diatoms. - Mar.Biol. 101: 443-450.Marchant, H.J., Watanabe, K. & Kawachi, M. 1996: Marine snow in Antarctic coastal waters. - Proc. NIPR.Symp. Polar. Biol. 9: 75-83.McCave, I.N. 1984: Size spectra and aggregation of suspended particles in the deep ocean. - Deep-Sea Res.31: 329-352.Michotey, V. & Bonin, P. 1997: Evidence for anaerobic bacterial processes in the water column: denitrifcationand dissimilatory nitrate ammonification in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. - Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.160: 47-56.Müller-Niklas, G., Schuster, S., Kaltenböck, E. & Herndl, G.J. 1994: Organic content and bacterial metabolismin amorphous aggregations of the northern Adriatic Sea. Limnol. - Oceanogr. 39: 58-68.
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