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context specific and according to the priorities and the perceptions of the people towardssustainability. Stakeholders are also needed for indicator formulation and quantification.It was found that the systems analyzed do generally not contain quantitative indicators onmost socio-economic criteria like “generation of jobs” and the quantifying of suchindicators often needs normative decisions (e.g. on the expected benefit for the localpeople). Where such decisions have to be failed the relevant stakeholders to answer thesequestions have to be involved into the discussion and decision process.For most ecological criteria (like preservation of existing sensitive ecosystems oravoidance of soil erosion) indicators are formulated as management rules. Thesemanagement rules describe the sound management of the resources and can be verydistinct, e.g. in the description of actions to be taken to avoid soil erosion or the use ofagro-chemicals that do not threaten endangered species.It is recommended to start the development of a certification system for internationalsustainable biomass trade by forming a consortium that represents all relevantstakeholder groups and nations involved in the activities of biomass production, trade anduse.Available certification systems, e.g. for biomass from forestry, should only be taken overafter a careful analysis of their contents, procedures and credibility.Scientific research is needed for the development of indicators for such aspects ofbiomass trade (e.g. leakage), that cannot yet be described by indicators, and for morequantitative indicators.Case studies in ‘real’ biomass production areas or projects are needed. In such casestudies criteria and indicator (C&I) sets for sustainable biomass trade can be developedby involvement of the relevant stakeholder (e.g. biomass producer and consumer) and theanalysis of local conditions (e.g. local production potentials and limits, preferences oflocal people).3
TABLE OF CONTENTAbstract ........................................................................................................... 21. Introduction................................................................................................. 52. Inventory of existing systems ..................................................................... 83. Structures of international certification systems ...................................... 174. Standard formulation ................................................................................ 194.1 Kind of standards applied ............................................................................. 194.2 Development of sustainability standards ...................................................... 205. Extraction of criteria with relevance for sustainable biomass trade......... 226. Measuring sustainability criteria by indicators and verifiers ................... 306.1 Indicators....................................................................................................... 306.2 Verifier tools ................................................................................................. 377. Key results and Recommendations for the development of a certificationsystem for sustainable biomass trade. ..................................................... 418. References................................................................................................. 46Annex 1:Annex 2:Annex 3:Selection of stricter and looser criteria sets for the performanceof the case study………………………………………51Certification and accreditation procedures…………...………94Approaches of stakeholder involvement……………………..994
Page 1 and 2: STEPS TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENTOF A C
Page 3: ABSTRACTIt is expected that interna
Page 7 and 8: ecent years three documents which c
Page 9 and 10: 6. Recommendations for the developm
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Page 20 and 21: 4. STANDARD FORMULATION4.1 Kind of
Page 22 and 23: - the chosen indicators should be e
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Page 26 and 27: • Energy supply in the region of
Page 28 and 29: Combating ofdeforestation• No eut
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Page 48 and 49: and Foodstuffs (OJ L 198, 22.7.1991
Page 50: 50. IKEA, Environmental and Social
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Biomass trade does notcause leakage
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1) Formulation of management or sta
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c) will enable clear, substantial,
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Table A1.3: Indicators that describ
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Table A1.7: Indicators for the Avoi
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A1.4 Sustainable harvest regimes an
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Most certification do not refer to
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Indicator 1: A regional risk assess
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A1.7 Biomass trade does not cause l
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iomass production systems are less
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Formulation of indicators and verif
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a specified way, applied procedures
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3. For some foodstuffs traded on th
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In forestry certification systems a
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housing, education and training, tr
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A1.16 Sustainable agricultural prod
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As visible in the example indicator
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Those crops with impact on hydrolog
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In a third step strategies to avoid
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In agricultural certification syste
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- Annex 2 -Certification and accred
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The rules of the certification proc
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Project identification and preparat
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